Predetermined Level Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Endodontic ISO Size 06, 08, and 10 Stainless Steel K-Files Used for Glide Path Procedures.

Small-sized stainless steel hand files are conventionally employed in root canal treatment procedures for canal scouting and for glide path establishment, owing to their superior flexibility and proficiency in navigating confined spaces. Given the diversity of brands available in the market, there exists potential variability in their physical characteristics, thereby influencing clinical performance. Consequently, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the design, metallurgy, and mechanical characteristics among seven stainless steel hand file brands across ISO sizes 06, 08, and 10. A total of 315 new 25 mm length stainless steel hand files with apical sizes of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 from seven distinct brands were included in the study. A meticulous inspection of all instruments was undertaken to identify any structural deformations that might render them ineligible for the study. The design inspection involved the random selection of instruments from each group, which were examined under various microscopes, including a dental operating microscope, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, two instruments from each group underwent energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis for elemental composition documentation. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the instruments' resistance to lateral deformation (buckling) and their microhardness. Statistical analysis was executed using the nonparametric Mood's median test, with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. Regarding the instruments design, all files exhibited an active blade length ranging from 16 to 17 mm. However, variations were observed in the number of spirals, tip designs, and sizes, with the API K-File notably larger in sizes 0.06 and 0.08 compared to the other instruments. Despite uniform elements composition, differences in geometric features and mechanical properties were evident. Concerning buckling strength, the API K-File demonstrated superior performance across all tested sizes, while the Dentsply ReadySteel, SybronEndo, and Mani K-Files exhibited lower results (p < 0.05). In microhardness assessments, both the API and Oro K-Files displayed the lowest outcomes, with medians of 531 HVN and 532 HVN, respectively, whereas the SybronEndo K-File exhibited the highest microhardness (657 HVN). Despite similar metallurgical composition, the observed distinctions in geometric features and mechanical properties underscore the impact of the manufacturing process on the characteristics of glide path stainless steel endodontic files. These disparities may ultimately influence their clinical performance.

Decentralized Scheduling with QoS Constraints: Achieving O(1) QoS Regret of Multi-Player Bandits

We consider a decentralized multi-player multi-armed bandit (MP-MAB) problem where players cannot observe the actions and rewards of other players and no explicit communication or coordination between players is possible. Prior studies mostly focus on maximizing the sum of rewards of the players over time. However, the total reward maximization learning may lead to imbalanced reward among players, leading to poor Quality of Service (QoS) for some players. In contrast, our objective is to let each player n achieve a predetermined expected average reward over time, i.e., achieving a predetermined level of QoS. We develop a novel decentralized MP-MAB algorithm to accomplish this objective by leveraging the methodology of randomized matching. We prove that our decentralized algorithm can ensure that all players have an O(1) QoS regret. We also reveal an analog between our MP-MAB model and the online wireless queuing systems, which builds a connection between QoS in MP-MAB learning and stability in queuing theory.

Enhancing sustainability and flavor of waste coconut (Cocos nucifera) kernel and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) peels Creamy roll: Extension program guide

Waste Coconut Kernels (WCK) and Sweet Potato (SP) peels are considered household wastes for animal feeding. The present study aimed to develop waste coconut kernel and sweet potato peels creamy roll as innovative guides for the Extension program guide. This experimental study used three formulations varying amounts of WCK with 100g, 150g and 200g; SP peels with 150g, 200g, and 250g mixed with milk solution, sugar and unsalted spring roll wrappers. The study focused on investigating the sensory attributes of the creamy roll development across different formulations, assessing its general acceptability in terms of color, flavor, odor and texture, identifying the most preferred formulation (F1, F2, and F3) based on the panel of tasters, and examining if there were significant differences among the product attributes. Based on Data analysis involved calculating weighted means and conducting One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results revealed that F3, consisting of 250g of SP, 200g of WCK, 250g of milk solution, and 180g of sugar, was the most preferred in terms of flavor, odor and texture, with overall means of 3.67, 4.08, and 3.85, respectively. However, F2 was preferred only in color. A significant difference was observed in flavor indicated by a p-value of .042, lower than the predetermined alpha level of .05. Post-hoc analysis indicated differing perceptions between the 35 experienced consumers and 15 food experts. The most preferred formulation had a sensory acceptability rating of “acceptable” with a mean of 3.92. Based on the findings, the 250g SP peels and 200g WCK were adopted as an Extension program guide.

Optimal confidence regions for the parameters of a general exponential class under Type-II progressive censoring

Under Type-II progressively censored data, joint confidence regions are proposed for the parameters of a general class of exponential distributions. The constrained optimization problem based on such censoring data can be adopted to obtain confidence regions for the unknown parameters of this general class with minimized size and a predetermined confidence level. The area of confidence sets are minimized by solving simultaneous non-linear equations. Two real data sets representing the duration of remission of leukemia patients and water level exceedances by River Nidd at Hunsingore located in New York, are analyzed by fitting appropriate well-known models. Further, numerical simulation study is performed to explain our procedures and findings here.

An Analytical Study of Annular Raft on Granular Piles

Abstract Rafts are frequently used to design foundations on soft soils to minimize the overall and differential settlements of structures built on them. In many cases, the raft alone can offer sufficient bearing capacity and all that is needed to restrict foundation settlements to a predetermined level with a few widely spaced piles. Granular piles (GPs) can be used due to their several advantages over steel or concrete piles. An annular raft foundation is generally provided for overhead water tanks, chimneys, etc. The provision of granular piles underneath the annular raft foundation not only increases the capacity of the foundation but also minimizes the settlement to an acceptable level. The present study deals with a rigorous analysis of annular raft foundation supported by GPs based on the continuum approach. A new numerical method is developed with geometric considerations for excluding the loaded pile portion from the region of the raft area by considering two distinct zones. This article introduces a novel approach, the annular raft over granular piles, which represents an innovative solution in geotechnical engineering. This innovation has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of foundation design in various construction projects. The response of annular raft foundation with GPs is evaluated in terms of settlement influence factor (SIF), load shared by granular piles (in %), and normalized shear stress variation along the GP–soil interface. The present study reveals that the presence of the pile influences the stress distribution locally. The stiffness of GP, relative length of GP, relative size of the raft influence the settlement and load sharing of annular raft with GPs.

Gait analysis of male professional boxers

Introduction: Gait plays a crucial role in both daily life and sports performance. This study analyzes professional boxers’ gait, as it is essential to understand its influence on performance and injury risk. However, there is a need to comprehend the effects of boxing training on gait and the occurrence of asymmetries between limbs. Research Question: Does the gait of professional boxers exhibit significant differences between limbs, and what are the potential implications of this asymmetry? Materials and Methods: The study involved 36 professional boxers, and the Gaitway 3D Pressure treadmill was used to collect data. The analysis was performed using statistical tests with a pre-determined level of significance. Results: Significant differences were found between limbs in gait phase parameters and ground reaction forces. A longer swing phase of the right leg was observed, potentially affecting the reduction of single-limb support and right-leg propulsion. Additionally, higher ground reaction forces were noted on the left side. Conclusions: This analysis of gait in professional boxers provides valuable insights into the asymmetry between limbs, which may impact performance and injury risk. It also shows the correct characteristics of selected gait parameters. These findings are relevant for tailoring training programs, reducing injuries, and enhancing overall physical conditioning of athletes. Further-more, they can be applied in both sports and daily life for injury prevention and rehabilitation, where maintaining balance and stability are crucial in avoiding injuries and improving the quality of life.

Impacts of Yogic Practice on Specific Physical Factors in Female College Athletes

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of yogic practice on specific physical variables among female college athletes. To achieve this goal, 30 subjects aged between 18 and 24 years were randomly selected from Trichy Districts and then assigned randomly to two groups, each comprising 15 participants: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group followed a yogic practice regimen, while the control group did not engage in any experimental activities. The physical fitness variables focused on in this study were flexibility and balance. The research design followed a true random group design, including both pre-tests and post-tests. The 30 subjects were evenly distributed between the experimental group (comprising those undergoing yogic practice) and the control group. Pre-tests were conducted before the six-week experimental period to assess the selected physical variables in all 30 subjects. Following the experimental period, post-tests were administered, and the scores were meticulously recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out with a predetermined significance level set at a 0.05 confidence interval. The results of this study indicated a significant improvement in flexibility and balance among participants in the yogic practice group.

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Specific Physical Factors in Male College Athletes

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training on specific physical variables among male college athletes. To accomplish this objective, 30 subjects aged between 18 and 24 years were randomly selected from Trichy Districts. These individuals were then randomly assigned to two groups, with each group comprising 15 participants: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a high-intensity interval training regimen, while the control group did not participate in any experimental activities. The physical fitness variables focused on in this study were speed and leg explosive power. The research design adhered to a true random group design, incorporating both pre-tests and post-tests. The 30 subjects were evenly distributed between the experimental group (consisting of the high-intensity interval training group) and the control group. Pre-tests were conducted before the six-week experimental period to assess the selected physical variables in all 30 subjects. Following the experimental period, post-tests were administered, and the scores were meticulously recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with a predetermined significance level set at a 0.05 confidence interval. The findings of this study revealed a significant improvement in speed and leg explosive power among participants in the high-intensity interval training group.

Media Choice and Public Participation in the Budget Making Process for Nyeri County

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Media Choice on Public Participation in the Budget Making Process in Nyeri County.&#x0D; Methodology: The study population constituted all the residents operating and living in Nyeri County, Nyeri County Government officials and leaders from both the County Executive and County Assembly. The study applied a descriptive study design and used both primary and secondary data that was obtained from public participation reports, publications, and interviews with county government officials, budget committee members and questionnaires to the MCAs, residents, staff of the County Assembly. Stratified random sampling was used to select and identify respondents from Nyeri County residents’ attendees in public participation fora and a further random sampling to obtain respondents from the Wards. Strata and purposive sampling was used to get key informants from the County Executive and County Assembly. A sample size of 72 general respondents and 12 key informants was used. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected using a study questionnaire and interview guides respectively. Qualitative data was represented using study themes or goals and was discussed in narrative. The quantitative data was sorted and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings were presented using tables and graphs&#x0D; Findings: A regression correlation analysis of the data showed that the independent variables (social media =0.044, for print media = 0.047) were significant with p values of less than 0.05 - the predetermined significance level – to imply that the results were statistically significant. The p value for radio station was 0.326, greater than 0.05, thus not significant in its effect on public participation in the budget making process in the County Government of Nyeri. From the data collected, great importance was placed on vernacular and community radio stations which are potential channels for communicating pertinent information on the budget making process. The research found out other factors that determine effectiveness of public participation to include public’s awareness of its rights, individual understanding of the processes, and level of education and prevailing support infrastructure.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Medium Theory and Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation Model informed the study variables and approach. Further research is recommended to explore other variables. The study findings will help planners and implementers at the County level when setting out to engage the public for their participation in the County’s development agenda. .

Strategic Management Practices as Fundamental to the Achievement of Organizational Performances

Given the increased emphasis on evaluating an organization's effectiveness in relation to strategic management practices, it is now widely recognized that delivering high-quality products and services, utilizing cutting-edge technology, establishing effective plans, and building an efficient resource management system is crucial for gaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of strategic management practices on organizational performance, focusing specifically on the perspectives of personnel in the regional office of UBA in Lagos, Nigeria. To accomplish the study's goals, the researchers utilized the Taro Yamane sampling technique to ascertain an ideal sample size of 171 participants, obtained from a population of 300 randomly selected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program, correlation analysis, and scatter plot charts with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. The study's results demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between strategic management practices (strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation) and organizational performance (profitability, productivity, and operational performance). Hence, the research recommends that management embrace strategic management methodologies to enhance organizational performance by establishing clear objectives, improving decision-making processes, optimizing resource allocation, adapting to environmental shifts, fostering creativity, ensuring organizational coherence, and implementing performance measurement.

CNN-MRI Detection of Fatty Infiltration, Rotator Cuff and Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Shoulder Pain Patients

Half of the global population has or has had shoulder fractures due to routine activities, whether intentional or unintentional. Designing a user-friendly program to input Shoulder fracture images into the model and execute it is a significant problem in the area of Shoulder Fracture Diagnosis Research. The machine is capable of predicting shoulder fractures, but it is unable to anticipate the specific subtypes of fractures that may result from other occurrences or disorders. This research aims to create an innovative Deep Convolution Neural Networks system for accurately predicting the diagnosis of shoulder fractures, in order to facilitate appropriate treatment. Our goal is to provide these services to assist individuals or groups in overcoming the delayed detection of shoulder fractures and eliminating the need for physical diagnosis of shoulder fractures in hospitals. The objective of designing a unique categorizing system is to provide a collection of test case inputs that ensure comprehensive coverage over the test area at a predetermined level. This yields a collection of test cases that prioritize the execution of the feature without considering the specific implementation details.

Analisis Biaya dan Waktu pada Proyek Jembatan (Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Candisari Sambeng Kabupaten Lamongan) dengan Menggunakan Metode Earned Value

Project management has three main objectives when carrying out construction projects including cost, quality, and time. If a project can be completed with a predetermined level of quality or quality, then the project has been successfully managed. This research uses earned value method. That is a method of knowing costs based on the work that has been done. Thus we can find out whether the Candisari Sambeng bridge construction project in Lamongan Regency is faster or longer than the schedule that has been made. CV value has a negative value in the 15th period, namely -Rp 18,078,304 SV value there is a negative value until the 18th period with a value of -Rp 494,817,905 CPI value found in the 15th week period with a value of 0.995. The SPI value in the 18th period with a final SPI value of 0.903 estimated cost (EAC) is. IDR 5,166,992,802 estimated EAS time for the jembata replacement project of 21,320 weeks. If the performance is considered the same project, the cost required to complete the construction of the bridge is Rp 5,166,992,802 from the total project budget of Rp 5,346,534,000 so that it gets a profit of Rp 179,541,198, and the time needed to complete the construction work is 21,320 weeks from the specified time of 21 weeks so that the project implementation is delayed for 0,320 weeks.y.

Artificial Intelligence as a Triage Tool during the Perioperative Period: Pilot Study of Accuracy and Accessibility for Clinical Application.

Given the dialogistic properties of ChatGPT, we hypothesized that this artificial intelligence (AI) function can be used as a self-service tool where clinical questions can be directly answered by AI. Our objective was to assess the content, accuracy, and accessibility of AI-generated content regarding common perioperative questions for reduction mammaplasty. ChatGPT (OpenAI, February Version, San Francisco, Calif.) was used to query 20 common patient concerns that arise in the perioperative period of a reduction mammaplasty. Searches were performed in duplicate for both a general term and a specific clinical question. Query outputs were analyzed both objectively and subjectively. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and chi-square tests were performed where appropriate with a predetermined level of significance of P less than 0.05. From a total of 40 AI-generated outputs, mean word length was 191.8 words. Readability was at the thirteenth grade level. Regarding content, of all query outputs, 97.5% were on the appropriate topic. Medical advice was deemed to be reasonable in 100% of cases. General queries more frequently reported overarching background information, whereas specific queries more frequently reported prescriptive information (P < 0.0001). AI outputs specifically recommended following surgeon provided postoperative instructions in 82.5% of instances. Currently available AI tools, in their nascent form, can provide recommendations for common perioperative questions and concerns for reduction mammaplasty. With further calibration, AI interfaces may serve as a tool for fielding patient queries in the future; however, patients must always retain the ability to bypass technology and be able to contact their surgeon.

Development of clinical items to identify dysphagia in patients with dementia-An e-Delphi study.

To identify clinical observable items that can be used to identify dysphagia while observing a typical eating situation. A three-round e-Delphi survey. An expert panel consisting of five nurses, eight speech language therapists and five physicians participated in this three-round e-Delphi survey from November 2022 to January 2023. Round 1 presented the results of a literature research conducted in September 2022 and an open question to the participants. The answers were analysed using the content analysis method. In the following rounds, the results were presented back to the participants with a request to rate them for usefulness. Means, standard deviations, ANOVA and Fisher's exact test were used to demonstrate the panel's opinion, level of agreement, demographic characteristics of the participants as well as differences between the professional groups in regard of the rating of the items. Methods and results are reported in accordance with the 'Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies' (CREDES). The content analysis initially generated 36 items suggested by the expert panel. Seven additional items were incorporated from the literature review. In rounds 2 and 3, a 4-point Likert scale was used to rate each item and to calculate the level of agreement. The predetermined level of agreement exceeded 70% for 23 items. Based on the expert opinions, it is possible for nurses to identify dysphagia in patients with dementia by using the determined 23 items while observing a typical eating situation. The expert panel contributed to the creation of this study by participating in the Delphi rounds. The 23 items determined in this e-Delphi study enable nurses to make dietary adjustments or consult other members of the multidisciplinary team based on available evidence, enabling complications to be avoided. What problem did the study address? This study provides evidence regarding the identification of dysphagia in patients with dementia by nurses. What were the main findings? Twenty-three items were determined by an expert panel that can be used by nurses to identify dysphagia in patients with dementia while observing a typical eating situation. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This research will have an impact on patients with dementia and the nurses caring for them. Methods and results are reported in accordance with the 'Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies' (CREDES) (Jünger etal., 2017), which promotes consistency and quality in conducting Delphi studies.

Swedish women reaching post-traumatic growth after an intimate partner violence relationship: A study of formal help and growth after trauma.

This study examined whether women in Sweden who had been in an intimate partner violence (IPV) relationship reached post-traumatic growth (PTG) and if the level of PTG differed for women who had received formal help compared with women who had not received formal help. The study also examined whether there was a difference in the level of PTG depending on which type of formal help the women had received. The data were collected through an online self-report survey. A total of 166 women took part in the study. The results showed that 69.3% (n = 115) of the women reported a pre-determined or higher level of PTG attainment and that those who had received formal help reported a higher level of PTG than those who had not received formal help. There was no difference in the level of PTG depending on which type of formal help the women had received. The majority of the Swedish women in this study who had lived in an IPV relationship attained PTG. Although formal help appeared to help the women attain PTG, the type of the formal help did not seem to have a crucial role in attaining different levels of PTG. These findings are discussed in the light of the future research directions and public health measures to better support women who experience IPV.

Piecewise immunosuppressive infection model with viral logistic growth and effector cell-guided therapy

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work investigated a piecewise immunosuppressive infection model that assessed the effectiveness of implementing this therapeutic regimen once the effector cell count falls below a specific threshold level by introducing a threshold strategy. The sliding mode dynamics, global dynamics, and boundary equilibrium bifurcations of the Filippov system were examined based on the global dynamics of the two subsystems. Our primary findings indicate that the HIV viral loads and effector cell counts can be stabilized within the required predetermined level. This outcome depends on the threshold level, immune intensity, and the initial values of the system. Therefore, properly combining these key factors makes it possible to effectively curb the abnormal increase of virus and keep the effector cells at a reliable level. This approach maximizes the controllable range of the HIV. The proposed switching system incorporating pseudo-equilibrium exhibits three types of equilibriums that could be bistable or tristable. It means there is a possibility of controlling the virus after administering therapy if the immune intensity $ c $ is limited within the range of the post-treatment control threshold and the elite control threshold when $ {R_0} &amp;gt; {R_{{c_1}}} &amp;gt; {R_{{c_2}}} &amp;gt; 1 $.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

An Assessment of Mental Health among Dialysis Patients in Gadag District, Karnataka

Background One of the most prevalent mental illnesses that chronic kidney disease CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis tend to encounter is depression. Patients receiving haemodialysis have frequently experienced underdiagnosed and undertreated depression.Objectives To assess the mental health of chronic kidney disease patients mainly depression and to analyze reasons for depression among dialysis patients in Gadag district Karnataka.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and Private hospitals of Gadag Karnataka between December 2023 to January 2024. Beck Depression Inventory-2 scale was used to assess depression and reasons for depression among CKD patients. Subsequently the statistical analysis of the gathered data was executed using SPSS version 20.0. The predetermined level of statistical significance was established at 5.Results The study included one hundred patients from a district hospital two private hospitals and four subdistrict hospitals. With a mean age of 49.94 years standard deviation 12.85 most of the patients were male 75 with the majority in the age range of 60-69 years 25. Concerningly all the haemodialysis patients suffered from depression in varying severity and as high as 62 patients reported having severe depression. Some of the factors that were found to be associated with depression included religion employment status family income f inancial difficulties fluid intake chronic pain illness that conflicts with living renal diet and sleep disturbance.Conclusion Patients with CKD are more prone to depression and this study also indicates an increased incidence of severe depression among them. The socio-demographic characteristics and factors related to the disease and treatment were associated with the prevalence of depression among the study sample. In order to improve the patientrsquos quality of life depressive symptoms need to be regularly assessed and promptly treated with psychological counselling. The socio-economic causes predisposing to mental health issues need to be addressed as a priority.

Unlocking economic opportunities: Analyzing relationship between educational attainment, skilled training and monthly income of labor migrants

This research examines the relationship between skill training, educational attainment, and monthly income among labor migrants, with a focus on recognizing the importance of education and skill in enhancing employability and income potential for unlocking their economic opportunities. Using a quantitative research approach, data is collected through surveys conducted among 385 labor migrants. The findings pointed out the correlation between the level of education and the monthly income of labor migrants as the calculated Chi-square value (χ²) of 0.046 was lower than the predetermined significance level p of 0.05. Also, there is correlation between skilled training and monthly income as a Chi-square value (χ²) of 0.000, which was lower than the predetermined significance level (p) of 0.05. The study reveals that labor migrants with more advanced education and specialized training typically earn greater monthly incomes in comparison to those without such training or with lower educational qualifications.

Clinical Assesment of Pediatric Burns: A Retrospective Study

Burn injuries represent a significant aspect of pediatric traumas, particularly prevalent during early childhood, involving a critical patient population characterized by elevated mortality and morbidity rates. This study explores burn incidents in children aged 0-6 years admitted to the Burn Unit of a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2016, and June 20, 2023, within the context of the existing literature. Additionally, it conducts an analysis of burn etiology, distribution, severity, and treatment interventions, categorizing a sample of 241 pediatric burn patients, predominantly within the 0-18 month age range. Children are categorized into three groups based on Sigmund Freud's "psychosexual development stages": 0-18 months, 18-36 months, and 36-72 months. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25, with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. Burns commonly present as scalds, flames, and chemical burns, primarily falling within the 11-20% range and predominantly involving second-degree burns. Treatment approaches include a combination of dressing and medical treatment in 68% of cases, debridement under general anesthesia in 16.2%, and grafting in 15.8%. The infection rate is 10.8%, with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa emerging as the predominant pathogen, and the mortality rate reported at 0.8%. The average hospitalization duration is 9 days. Highlighting the paramount importance of meticulous planning in managing burns in children under 6 years old and emphasizing the influence of parental factors, the study advocates for educating parents on safety measures as a crucial step in mitigating burn incidence. Stressing the pivotal role of epidemiological investigations in comprehending and preventing the root causes of burns, the research suggests that more extensive age-range studies and multicenter approaches could provide more robust epidemiological insights for the effective management of burn cases.

Foliar-Applied Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Productivity of Wheat Planted at Varying Dates

Among the cereals, wheat is a key crop fulfilling the food demand of millions of masses around the globe. Late sowing in wheat is the most yield-limiting factor causing 35% yield losses. One approach to compensate for yield losses is boosting crop growth by the application of growth regulators. We checked the role of sorghum water extract that can act as plant-based growth regulators in wheat planted at various dates to cover a wide sowing window. A trial under controlled condition was conducted at the glass house facility of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan during 2021-2022. Wheat cultivar Akbar 2019 was sown with an interval of 7 days starting from October 29 to December 03. A pre-determined level of sorghum water extract at 3% concentration was foliar-applied at 30 days after sowing. For comparison, un-treated pots were applied with water spray. Collected data revealed that significantly higher grain yield was obtained from the pot that were sown on November 19 and treated with sorghum water extract followed by same sowing date but was untreated. Data further explained that grain yield and other yield related traits significantly reduced in late planted wheat when compared with timely plantation of wheat. Results concluded that sorghum water extract is a potential plant regulator and its foliar application can enhance the yield of timely as well late planted wheat but for getting maximum yield foliar application should done at timely plantation of wheat at November 19.