Pramuka Island Research Articles

A Correlation between Knowledge about Coral Reef Ecosystem and Marine Tourist Attitude toward Conservation at Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu

Coral reef ecosystems are an ecosystem which important role both ecological and value. To conserve coral reef ecosystem requires knowledge form all the people especially marine tourist. Knowledge of coral reef ecosystems which is owned by marine tourist expected form conservation attitude of marine tourists to coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this research was to know the correlation knowledge of coral reef ecosystems with marine tourists conservation attitude around Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. This research was held on May 2015 at Pramuka Island. The research method used descriptive correlational. Population and sample were determined by simple random sampling of marine tourists on the Pramuka island with the criteria have experience of diving and diving activities in the Pramuka Island amounted to 80 divers. The instrument used was a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes of conservation by using a Likert scale. Hypothesis test using simple regression test and correlation test using the formula Pearson Product Moment. The result showed the equation Ŷ = 104,472+0,626X. The results showed there correlation between knowledge of coral reef ecosystems and conservation attitude marine tourists around Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu with a correlation coefficient of 0,325.

Study of Utilization Under Sea-water Hydrostatic Pressure as Hydro Power Generation

Harvesting energy from hydrostatic pressures in the ocean depth involves many variables that create complex situations. Variables such as pressure, temperature, water flow, and even fish are examples of variables that must be taken into account. In this study, the variables used to estimate power generation are pressure and depth. The purpose of this research is to get the picture of power potential that can be obtained by utilizing hydrostatic pressure under the sea. The study is base on literature from previous research and calculation. The generator is assume coupled with reverse osmosis equiptment so that the output is fresh water and electricity. The calculation base on information of population in Pramuka island that required 288 m3/day. The results show that the power generated is 16% of the available power potential and save electricity cost of water distribution 913 Rp/m3 or reduced 46%.

CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM VULNERABILITY INDEX TO OIL SPILL: CASE OF PRAMUKA ISLAND AND BELANDA ISLAND IN SERIBU ISLANDS

Vulnerability analysis is one of the methods for determining effective management of coastal and marine resources. Seribu islands potentially affected due to oil spills. The oil spills incident in this area caused by shipwreck from traffic on Tanjung Priok port and ALKI 1, as well as accident of petroleum exploration and exploitation. At least, oil spills in Seribu Islands have been recorded since 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008. This study aims to calculate the vulnerability index of Pramuka island and Belanda island in the Seribu Islands. This research was conducted by using a theoretical approach of vulnerability (V), which is a function of exposure (E), sensitivity (S) and adaptive capacity (AC). The parameters in exposure category are tidal type, tidal range, wave height, substrat type, and water depth. Parameters in sensitivity category are growth type of reef, slope, protected ecosystem, coverage percentage, coral density, protected species, and fish abundance. Parameters in adaptive capacity are oil spill contingency system, conservation institution, community response, and economic dependence. Data of each parameter were transformed into a score ranging from 1 to 5. The formula of vulnerability index using addition and subtraction model where; V = E + S – AC. The results indicate that Seribu Islands have vulnerability status from moderate to high, which 4.15 for Pramuka island and 6.39 for Belanda island. Keywords: vulnerability index, Seribu islands, coral reef, oil spill

CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM VULNERABILITY INDEX TO OIL SPILL: CASE OF PRAMUKA ISLAND AND BELANDA ISLAND IN SERIBU ISLANDS

<p><em>Vulnerability analysis is one of the methods for determining ef</em><em>f</em><em>ective management of coastal and marine resources. Seribu islands potentially affected due to oil spills. The oil spills incident in this area caused by shipwreck from traffic on Tanjung Priok port and ALKI 1, as well as accident of petroleum exploration and exploitation. At least, oil spills in Seribu Islands have been recorded since 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008. This study aims to calculate the vulnerability index of Pramuka island and Belanda island in the Seribu Islands. This research was conducted by using a theoretical approach of vulnerability (V), which is a function of exposure (E), sensitivity (S) and adaptive capacity (AC). The parameters in exposure category are tidal type, tidal range, wave height, substrat type, and water depth. Parameters in sensitivity category are growth type of reef, slope, protected ecosystem, coverage percentage, coral density, protected species, and fish abundance. Parameters in adaptive capacity are oil spill conti</em><em>n</em><em>gency system, conservation institution, community response, and economic dependence. Data of each parameter were transformed into a score ranging from 1 to 5. The formula of vulnerability index using addition and subtraction model where; V = E + S – AC. The results indicate that Seribu Islands have vulnerability status from moderate to high, which 4</em><em>.</em><em>15 for Pramuka island and 6.</em><em>39</em><em> for Belanda island. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>:<em> vulnerability index, Seribu islands, coral reef,</em><em> oil spill </em>

Site and depth influence on coral reef structure and composition in Seribu Islands, Jakarta

The coral reefs structure and composition are influenced by environmental condition and depth. Therefore, this study was conducted to find and examine the influence of depth against coral reef structures in Pramuka Island regions, Seribu Islands, located in the northern of Jakarta. The study was carried out from November to December 2016.The data was taken by using Line Intercept Transect Method which is laid 20 meters x 3 replication parallels with shoreline at the depth of 3 and 10 meters. There was a dominant of higher hard coral (HC) coverage recorded at the depth of 3 m and the lowest percentage located in West of Pramuka. Coral mortality index varied and ranged from 0.39 to 0.98. West of Pramuka Island dominant have the lowest value of average number of families, genera, and life form. Percentage of hard coral cover, coral mortality index, average number of family, genera, and life form differed significantly between sites. The different of depth only influencing the percentage of coral cover and average number of life form.

DISTRIBUTION OF BLUE CARBON ECOSYSTEMS IN SMALL ISLANDS USING LANDSAT-8 (CASE STUDY IN PRAMUKA ISLAND)

The ecosystem of the seashore and the ocean consist of mangrove, seagrass beds, and brackish mars which can pervade the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ocean in the bigger amount than the forest does. That kind of ecosystem known as the Blue Carbon Ecosystem. Ecosystem service mapping is the most important step in the valuation, because it shows important information about ecosystem service of certain area in the bigger scale. This research is aimed to map the ecosystem of mangrove and seagrass beds which exist in small island. This blue carbon ecosystem mapping used remote sensing technology by using satellite imagery Landsat-8. Normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI) method used to map the ecosystem of mangrove. While, to map the seagrass beds ecosystem used unattended clarification method after going through the correction of water column of Depth-Invariant Index (DII). The final result shows that Pramuka Island has mangrove ecosystem wider than two Islands around it., while the widest seagrass ecosystem is in Panggang Island. It happens because the ecosystem of mangrove in the research location is the result of mangrove planting activity, and it is different with the ecosystem of seagrass which grew naturally. Mangrove planting activity is more focused to Pramuka Island.

Adaptasi Masyarakat terhadap Keterbatasan Sumberdaya Air di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

The Development of small islands is often constrained by the limitations of water resources. This condition is caused by a wide catchment is limited, and the influence of sea water on the groundwater which causes the amount of groundwater is limited. This paper aims to determine the form of adaptation to limited water resources in Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands regency, DKI Jakarta. The results showed that the shape adaptation to limited water resources such as rain water harvesting, bring bottled water from outside the island, as well as using technology osmosi reverse to get clean water. The community adaptation is threatened not sustainable because the poor condition of the groundwater in Pramuka Island. Therefore, it is necessary to the management of water resources by maximizing the infiltration of rain water, solid dan water waste management, as well as set the maximum extraction of groundwater.

KOMPONEN FITOKIMIA DAN TOKSISITAS SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI LAMUN ENHALUS ACOROIDES DAN THALASSIA HEMPRICHII DARI PULAU PRAMUKA, DKI JAKARTA

Beberapa penelitian mengenai kandungan bioaktif telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan dasar lamun. Sehubungan dengan kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii yang kaya dan potensial sebagai bahan kecantikan, obat, dan bidang farmasi lain, maka perlu dilakukan observasi mengenai komponen fitokimia dan tingkat toksisitasnya. Penelitian ini melaporkan golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii dari Pulau Pramuka, DKI Jakarta serta tingkat toksisitasnya. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan menunjukkan ekstrak Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii mengandung senyawa bioaktif dari jenis flavonoid, alkaloid, dan steroid. Uji toksisitas dengan metode BSLT yang dilakukan menunjukkan ekstrak metanol Enhalus acoroides bersifat sangat toksik dengan nilai LC50 5,74 ppm, sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana Enhalus acoroides bersifat tidak toksik ditunjukkan dengan nilai LC50 1309,42 ppm

PENGARUH AKLIMATISASI KADAR GARAM TERHADAP NILAI KEMATIAN DAN TINGKAH LAKU IKAN GUPPY (POECILIA RETICULATA) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI UMPAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus Pelamis)

Aklimatisasi merupakan suatu upaya penyesuaian fisiologis atau adaptasi dari suatu organisme terhadap suatu lingkungan baru yang akan dimasukinya. Penelitian ini mengamati proses aklimatisasi kadar garam pada ikan guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Proses aklimatisasi kadar garam pada ikan Guppy yang dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan menaikkan 720 gram per hari. Kadar garam terukur adalah 30%. Ikan Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) memiliki ukuran tubuh ± 5 cm, corak warna tubuh dan sirip yang sangat cemerlang dan memiliki harga yang sangat ekonomis sehingga dapat menarik perhatian Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis). Awal proses aklimatisasi ikan Guppy berjumlah 65 ekor dengan berat rata-rata 1,1 gram dan panjang total yaitu 2,5 cm. Selama 8 hari pengamatan (18%), ikan mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya, namun setelah hari ke 8 ikan ada yang mengalami kematian 0,02 % - 0,05%, namun secara total sampai akhir pengamatan, kematian ikan relatif lebih kecil yaitu 0,13 % (9 ekor). Hasil uji coba ikan yang dilakukan pada perairan Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu menunjukkan ikan dapat berenang dengan baik dan selalu berada di permukaan air tanpa perubahan yang terlihat yang sangat signifikan.

COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGES FROM DIFFERENT SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU WATERS, JAKARTA

<em>A seagrass ecosystem has high productivity that supports many species of associated invertebrates, including sponges. However, seagrass beds with different habitat condition, including seagrass species composition and architectural morphotypes could affect the associative sponge in the ecosystem. This study is aimed to find out about sponge species composition in different seagrass beds. The observation was conducted in two seagrass ecosystems at the east (site 1) and at the southeast (site 2) of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, near Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The Belt Transect was used to assess the density of sponges on the seagrass ecosystem, which was placed parallel to the coastline. The sponges species has higher number at the east than the southeast, with both sites was dominated by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Spirastrella</span> </em>sp<em>. and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Agelas</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">conifer</span>a. Correspondence Analysis (CA) results showed that sponges community has close interaction with seagrass abundance especially <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Cymodocea</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">rotundata</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Enhalus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">acoroides</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">architectural</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">characteristic</span> (patchily or continues meadows). Antibacterial assay of sponges tissue showed that only 7 sponge species has activity against targeting bacteria. The CA results also showed that sponge antibacterial activity was not correlated with seagrass species, with low bactericide and bacteriastatic activities. The implication of this result showed that sponges community can grow up at seagrass ecosystem eventhough their potential secondary metabolite activities is very low probably due to lack of stimulus mechanisms in the environment. </em>

COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGES FROM DIFFERENT SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU WATERS, JAKARTA

A seagrass ecosystem has high productivity that supports many species of associated invertebrates, including sponges. However, seagrass beds with different habitat condition, including seagrass species composition and architectural morphotypes could affect the associative sponge in the ecosystem. This study is aimed to find out about sponge species composition in different seagrass beds. The observation was conducted in two seagrass ecosystems at the east (site 1) and at the southeast (site 2) of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, near Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The Belt Transect was used to assess the density of sponges on the seagrass ecosystem, which was placed parallel to the coastline. The sponges species has higher number at the east than the southeast, with both sites was dominated by Spirastrella sp. and Agelas conifera. Correspondence Analysis (CA) results showed that sponges community has close interaction with seagrass abundance especially Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides and architectural characteristic (patchily or continues meadows). Antibacterial assay of sponges tissue showed that only 7 sponge species has activity against targeting bacteria. The CA results also showed that sponge antibacterial activity was not correlated with seagrass species, with low bactericide and bacteriastatic activities. The implication of this result showed that sponges community can grow up at seagrass ecosystem eventhough their potential secondary metabolite activities is very low probably due to lack of stimulus mechanisms in the environment.

Studi Penilaian Ekosistem Mangrove Hasil Tanam Berdasarkan Keberadaan Gastropoda di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

The aims of mangrove replanted are to protect and good quality of coastal ecosystems and small islands, but it is have influenced to change of habitat and ecology function. This study conducted at Pramuka Island, Seribu islands, Jakarta, in June 2016. Data of gastropoda using 1 m2 square random sampling and divide depend on height are 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3 m. The aims of study are to determine (i) diversity, density, (ii) vertical distribution, (iii) size shell, (iv) correlation of density with distribution, (v) correlation of size shell with vertical distribution, (vi) correlation of individual with height gastropoda, and (vii) assessment of mangrove replanted depend on gastropoda. The species of Terebralia sp. and Littorina sp. are found in mangrove replanted. The total value of diversity and density of mangrove gastropoda are 0.6 and 31.3 ind/m2, respectively. Vertical distribution of gastropoda Terebralia sp. found in 0-1 m and Littorina sp. in 0-3 m. The density and individual of Terebralia sp. have high value and size shell largest than Littorina sp. Gastropoda found indicated that the mangrove ecosystem in Pramuka island is still young and is in a transition state.

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH JUVENILE IN MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITATS IN PRAMUKA ISLAND

This study was aimed to investigate the community structure of fish juvenile, spatial distribution and similarity from both adjacent habitats of mangrove and seagrass. This study was conducted in the eastern part of Pramuka island from April to June 2015. The samples were collected by using line transect method in three observation areas that were spatially connected i.e., mangrove, transition and seagrass zones. The result of the study from three observation zones revealed that there were found 24 species of fishes from 15 families i.e., Siganidae (4 species), Apogonidae (3 species), Ger-reidae (2 species), Terapontidae (2 species), Gobiidae (2 species), Labridae (2 species), Mugilidae, Nemipteridae, Hemiramphidae, Sphyraenidae, Monacanthidae, Atherinidae, Pomacentridae, Lut-janidae, and Lethrinidae (each of them 1 species). According to community structure, the adjacent ob-servation zones did not show a significant difference in the number of species, abundance, and bio-mass. According to fish distribution, fish species in transition zone and seagrass zone were relatively similar and dominated by Gerres oblongus, Fibramia lateralis, and Siganus canaliculatus. Mean-while, in mangrove zone revealed a significant different of fish species than in transition and seagrass zones. In mangrove zone, fish species was dominated by Gerres oblongus and Siganus guttatus. Keywords: spatial distribution, juvenile, mangrove, seagrass, pramuka Island, Siganidae

Aktivitas nokturnal vektor demam berdarah dengue di beberapa daerah di Indonesia

The continous presence of dengue virus infection presents a serious health problem in many tropical areas of the world because of the severe and often fatal disease in children. Dengue viruses are transmitted to human through the biting of infected mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This paper reported the nocturnal of biting activity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in several areas of Indonesia. Natural population of Aedes was collected by bare leg collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 out door and indoor. The biting activities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurred throughout the night from 18:00 to 05:50 out door and indoor in Cikarawang, Babakan, and Cibanteng Kabupaten Bogor (2004); Cangkurawuk Darmaga Bogor (2005, 2007); Pramuka island, Pari island, Kepulauan Seribu (2008); Gunung Bugis, Gunung Karang, Gunung Utara Balikpapan (2009); and Kayangan, Lombok Utara (2009). These results showed that the biting activities of Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus did not only occur diurnally but also nocturnally.

Variasi Geografik Kelimpahan Zooplankton di Perairan Terganggu, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia

Zooplankton play a significant role in ecosystem as secondary producer. Climate change will potentially affect the abundance and global composition of zooplankton. This research aimed to study the geographical variation of zooplankton abundance relative to anthropogenic pressure. The research was conducted in April 2014 in area with presumably distinct anthropogenic level by its relative distance to the mainland of Jakarta. Samples were collected at Pramuka Island, Karang Beras Island, Kotok Island, and Sepa Island where subsequently lying to the nearest until furthest distance from mainland. Zooplankton samples were collected by towing the plankton net for 10 minutes for each site for three replicates. Abundance was obtained from Pramuka Island was 266698,214 ind/L, Karang Beras Island was 597363,1 ind/L, Kotok Island was 526447,8 ind/L and Sepa Island was 438225,3 ind/L. Overall, the closer to mainland, the richer nutrient and the more abundant zooplankton was conceived in the waters. Surprisingly, in Pramuka Island, the nearest island to mainland among other sites, had the lowest abundance of zooplankton although nutrient level was the richest among others.

DAMPAK PARIWISATA TERHADAP PELUANG USAHA DAN KERJA LUAR PERTANIAN DI DAERAH PESISIR

The tourism has a very significant role in national economic development. Social changes occured as a result of direct contacts from tourism in tourist areas. One of consequence from the tourism activities is emergence of businesses and employment opportunities which can encourage local economies. The purpose of this research was to identify business and employment opportunities as a result of tourism activities at Pramuka Island and also to identify characteristics of the community. Another purpose is to analyze level of income, linkages between agricultural sector and nonagriculture sector, and transfer of resources (land) that arise due to tourism activities. The research methods are qualitative method which supported by quantitative methods. The results showed that tourism activities in Pramuka island has created business and employment opportunities for local community. Opportunities are predominantly used by natives. Tourism businesses and employment tend to be main livelihood of local people although their income are still at low-income levels. Linkage between agriculture sector and nonagriculture sector in Pramuka Island is shown by the increasing demand in fisheries sector as raw material for some businesses. Transfer of resources tends to occur among natives and there is one policy that prohibits people to build a building around the island ring road. Keywords : impact, tourism, business and employment opportunities.

Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Sea Urchin

Sea urchin is highly valued seafood. Its bioactive compound also has a potential as natural antibacterial agent. The aim of this research was to screen the antibacterial activity using cup-plate method, toxicity potential using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, bioactive compound using phytochemical method, and proximate composition by AOAC. This research was devided into two phases, the preliminary research was to determine the best body part of sea urchin showing antibacterial activity. Sea urchins were collected from Pramuka Island and extracted by meseration method. For the preliminary research, gonad extract showed the high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus at 1.83 ± 0.74 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. The main research includes the determination of proximate composition, toxicity, bioactive compound, and antibacterial activity from the best body part of sea urchin. The proximate composition from gonad of sea urchin showed that water content 64.97 ± 0.08%; ash 2.72 ± 0.13%; lipid 19.73 ± 0.04%; protein 12.26 ± 0.3%, and 0.33 ± 0.17%, respectively. The detected bioactive compounds from the three different solvents of gonads extracts were steroid, triterpenoid and saponin. The result of lethal toxicity (LC50) from the three gonads extract was 471.861 ppm (n-hexane), 563.226 ppm (ethyl acetate) and 577.531 ppm (methanolic), respectively. Gonads ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity than n-hexane and methanolic extract, its inhibition zone was 2.71 mm against S. aureus and 4.13 against E. coli. Keyword : Antibacteria, bioactive compound, D. setosum, sea urchin

Indonesia

Sea urchin is highly valued seafood. Its bioactive compound also has a potential as natural antibacterial agent. The aim of this research was to screen the antibacterial activity using cup-plate method, toxicity potential using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, bioactive compound using phytochemical method, and proximate composition by AOAC. This research was devided into two phases, the preliminary research was to determine the best body part of sea urchin showing antibacterial activity. Sea urchins were collected from Pramuka Island and extracted by meseration method. For the preliminary research, gonad extract showed the high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus at 1.83 ± 0.74 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. The main research includes the determination of proximate composition, toxicity, bioactive compound, and antibacterial activity from the best body part of sea urchin. The proximate composition from gonad of sea urchin showed that water content 64.97 ± 0.08%; ash 2.72 ± 0.13%; lipid 19.73 ± 0.04%; protein 12.26 ± 0.3%, and 0.33 ± 0.17%, respectively. The detected bioactive compounds from the three different solvents of gonads extracts were steroid, triterpenoid and saponin. The result of lethal toxicity (LC50) from the three gonads extract was 471.861 ppm (n-hexane), 563.226 ppm (ethyl acetate) and 577.531 ppm (methanolic), respectively. Gonads ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity than n-hexane and methanolic extract, its inhibition zone was 2.71 mm against S. aureus and 4.13 against E. coli. Keyword : Antibacteria, bioactive compound, D. setosum, sea urchin

ANALISIS KONDISI LAMUN (SEAGRASS) DI PERAIRAN PULAU PRAMUKA, KEPULAUAN SERIBU

ABSTRACT
 This research aims to analyze the condition of seagrass ecosystem to see water quality data of the seagrass habitat and percentage cover of seagrass in the waters of the Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands. The research was conducted over two months from October to November 2014.This research used a descriptive method with field survey approach. The population in this study is the seagrass in Waters Pramuka Island. Determining the location with purposive sampling of the sampling is divided into three stations is North, East and South. Data collection techniques include primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data of seagrass (type, percentage cover and density of seagrass) and data of seagrass habitat environmental parameters (water temperature, current speed, brightness, depth, salinity, substrate, TSS, DO, pH) were obtained by direct measurement in the field, while secondary data include the general state of the research sites. Data analysis techniques used in this study using analysis of community structure of seagrass and water quality analysis. The results showed that seagrass species found in the Pramuka Island there are 6 types of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii. Conditions of seagrass in the waters of the Pramuka Island included into the category of less healthy-poor seagrass. At station 1 percentage by 31% classified seagrass less healthy conditions, while the other two stations are stations 2 and 3 belong to the category of the poor condition of seagrass, with each percentage cover of seagrass 19.4% and 20.3%. Of all water quality parameters measured, all the parameters are still in normal circumstances, but there are some parameters whose value is high at some stations TSS and pH value is high at station 2 with a value of TSS 18 mg/l and a pH value of 8.2. Water quality and seagrass communities in station 1 is still in good condition for the growth of seagrass, because at this station is an unspoiled area away from human activity, while the stations 2 and 3 have undergone changes in community structure of seagrass because at this station has several anthropogenic activities that disrupt the lives of seagrass, mostly from human activities such as domestic sewage and hoarding/reclamation, which affects the condition of seagrass at station 2 and 3 are poor seagrass.
 Keyword: Seagrass, Water Quality, Pramuka Island

Genetic Diversity of Enhalus acoroides (L.) Royle from Coastal Waters of Pramuka Island, Lembongan Island, and Waigeo Island, Indonesia, Based on Microsatellite DNA

Genetic Diversity of <i>Enhalus acoroides</i> (L.) Royle from Coastal Waters of Pramuka Island, Lembongan Island, and Waigeo Island, Indonesia, Based on Microsatellite DNA