Pragmatic Theory Research Articles

Implementation of Alternative Politeness Strategies in Kick Andy Talkshow

This research was conducted to elucidate how banter, a form of alternative politeness, is used on the Kick Andy Talkshow. The study employs pragmatic theory, specifically Leech’s theory of general strategy of politeness and alternative politeness (2014). A qualitative methodology was employed in this research. The data for this study came from videos that were found on the official Kick Andy YouTube channel. Data was collected through non-participatory observation. Additionally, the data were analyzed using the general strategies of politeness. The results of data analysis are presented using a narrative approach and descriptive sentences. According to the findings of this study’s analysis, the banter was accomplished by violating the politeness maxims-neg and pos. The maxims violated in neg-politeness (Neg-politeness) are modesty, opinion-renitence, and tact. Additionally, there are violations of the pos-politeness maxims, such as the sympathy, approbation, and agreement maxims.

The eye and the other: Language and ethics in deaf Nepal

AbstractThis article examines interactions between deaf and hearing people in Nepal that are conducted in natural sign, a mode of signed communication involving relatively small repertoires of conventional signs complemented by iconic and indexical strategies. Natural sign is an exemplary case for unpacking the claim that ethics is not only intrinsic to linguistic interaction but also grounds its very possibility. While this is ultimately true for all language use, natural sign heightens this quality and its consequences, in terms of both interaction (whether people understand) and analysis (how scholars understand whether people understand). Bringing together Nepali Sign Language users’ insights with academic theories of interaction, pragmatics, and semiotics, this article demonstrates the high stakes for deaf natural signers of being rendered intelligible or unintelligible by the “ordinary” ethical actions of their interlocutors.

Nietzsche's Pragmatism: A Study on Perspectival Thought

Nietzsche's Pragmatism: A Study on Perspectival Thought

Moral Values in Novel 3600 Detik: Literary Pragmatics Study

The problem raised in this study is how the form of delivery of moral values ​​used by the author, the moral values ​​contained in the main character in dealing with problems and the form of moral values ​​contained in the novel 3600 Detik by Charon. The purpose of the study is to describe the form of conveying moral values ​​used by the author, the moral values ​​contained in the main character in dealing with life's problems and the form of moral values ​​contained in the novel 3600 Detik by Charon. The approach used in this research is a theoretical approach (literary pragmatic theory) and methodological approach (qualitative descriptive approach), and is studied using literary pragmatic studies. The method uses content analysis method. The data source is the novel 3600 Seconds by Charon. The data collected is in the form of words or quotes. Data collection techniques in the form of library techniques. Data validity techniques are focused on two ways, namely increasing persistence and using reference materials. The results of the study concluded that the form of moral delivery consists of two components, namely direct delivery which is conveyed through the author's description and through characters and indirect delivery which is conveyed through events and conflicts in the novel 3600 Detik. The moral values ​​contained in the main character in dealing with life's problems in the 3600 Seconds novel consist of five variants, namely disobeying school rules, caring for friends, never giving up, being firm and being honest. The form of moral values ​​contained in the 3600 Seconds novel consists of three aspects, namely the form of moral values ​​in human relations with God, forms of moral values ​​in human relations with humans and forms of moral values ​​in human relations with oneself.

Agency and the principle of charity: a pragmatist theory of the interaction order

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of agency on basis of a pragmatist philosophy framework of analysis. Agency is a key analytical concept in management studies, debated in terms of its theoretical elements and its degree of empirical substantiation. Agency is commonly either assumed to be the case, understood as some generic human capacity to act with integrity, or, alternatively, agency is considered to be derived from social structures, say professional norms or occupational identities acquired through socialization. In contrast, in an attempt to escape the agency/structure model, agency may be considered as what is generated in and through meso-level interactions, constituted as recurrent practices wherein accomplishments in the past serve as the template for new activities that further reinforce agential capacities.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the work of pragmatist philosopher Donald Davidson and what he calls the principle of charity, this paper presents an analytical model wherein agency is generated on basis of a shared everyday language wherein beliefs and preferences are constituted and thereafter serve as the basis of agential action.FindingsDavidson’s externalist theory of action is supportive of the theory and study of meso-level interactions and helps to overcome the question whether agency is exogenously given or the effect of social structure.Originality/valueThis paper reviews recent social science literature on agency and introduces pragmatist philosophy concepts to better examine under what conditions social actors can reasonably have faith in an interaction being premised on beliefs that are held on basis of rational and reasonable grounds. This adds to an integrated theory of agency, being of importance for social theory and organizational analysis more specifically.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MAXIMUM OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN CONVERSIONS OF SELLER AND BUYER IN PON MARKET, TRENGGALEK REGENCY, 2020/2021

The market is a gathering place for sellers and buyers to interact and bargain. Pon market which is located in Trenggalek Regency is a traditional market that provides various kinds of household needs. The market is quite close to the researcher’s address and includes a busy market with visitors so that a lot of interactions occur in the Pon market. It is interesting to study maxims of quantity and quality because in the Pon market there are still many who violate the maxims of quantity and quality so that researchers suspect that there are still seller and buyers who apply the maxims of quantity and quality.
 This research uses a sociolinguistic approach with pragmatic theory. This study uses data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The conclusion of this research is that there are seller and buyers who apply the maxims of quantity and quality. The seller applies the maxim of quantity in the amount of 3 utterances, applies the maxim of quality in the amount of 2 utterances. While the buyer applies the maxim of quantity amounted to 1 utterances.

Dialogic patterns of the oppressor-oppressed dynamic in climate change denial

The oppressor-oppressed dynamic is one of the driving forces that lie behind power, motivating those who possess it to control access to life resources, essential information, and other options and choices that are necessary to adapt to a world in continuous transformation. By referring primarily to the context of corporate America, the aim of this study is to expose the ongoing confrontation between power structures that are responsible for spreading climate denial theories, and climate science that is involved in promoting not only global climate cooperation and regulation but also climate literacy among the general public. The concerted effort of climate denialists to discredit scientific consensus regarding anthropogenic causes of climate change is analyzed through an action-reaction dialogic construct embedded in a series of key quotes collected from the counter-denial website DeSmogBlog. By drawing on the cognitive and communicative principles of Relevance theory in pragmatics and on neo-Gricean approaches, and by adopting a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study attempts to shed light on denialist communicative intentions that initiate and give impetus to the global climate change debate.

Analysis of Pragmatic Failures and Strategies for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Cross-cultural communication has become an essential course for international students. As foreign students have different cultural backgrounds and languages, pragmatic failures are inevitable for them when communicating in Chinese, thus resulting in unpleasant communication. In order to effectively reduce pragmatic failures, it is necessary to analyze the problems that arise in the process of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and determine the causes. This research is separated into three aspects. Firstly, with the support of the theory of pragmatics and by analyzing the life and learning of foreign students, it can be appreciated that the pragmatic failures of foreign students in using Chinese for communication are very much detailed in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language [1]. Secondly, after arranging and analyzing these corpora, the reasons for the pragmatic failures of foreign students are determined. Finally, aiming at the causes of pragmatic failures, corresponding countermeasures and teaching suggestions are proposed. The conclusion drawn from this research is that pragmatic failures occur due to various factors, some of which are essential factors that cannot be changed. This requires effort from both Chinese language teachers and students in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language to lessen the occurrence of pragmatic failures.

From Habit-Forming to Habit-Breaking Availability: Experiences on Electronic Gambling Machine Closures During COVID-19.

Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are among the most harmful forms of gambling. The structural characteristics of EGMs prolong and reinforce gambling similarly to other habit-forming technologies. In Finland, the wide availability of EGMs in non-casino locations is likely to further reinforce the habit-creating nature of gambling offer by incorporating EGMs into everyday practices. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the landscape of gambling in Finland. The most visible change was the closure of land-based EGMs in non-casino environments, arcades, and the casino in March 2020. Since then, the status of EGMs has varied depending on the pandemic situation. The current qualitative study focuses on how Finnish past-year gamblers experience prolonged EGM closures and occasional re-openings 1 year into the pandemic. The data consist of responses to an online questionnaire eliciting experiences (N = 187) as well as interviews (N = 27, conducted in groups or alone). To aid our analysis, we employ the sociological pragmatist theory of the concept of “habit.” The analysis focuses on gambler experiences on EGM shutdowns and re-openings, and views on whether closures have contributed to abstaining from gambling or to shifting to other gambling products. Policy implications of the results are discussed.

Fake News Phenomenon: Formation of Beliefs under Pragmatic Optics and Mathematical Education

Background: Few studies in mathematics education have been looking at the new dynamics of communication with focus on the analysis of speeches propagated by false news. This social phenomenon is worrying: news that uses mathematical arguments to guide, shape, and reflect public opinion and popular thinking based on misleading information. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to understand the role of mathematics education in the process of strengthening democracy. Data collection and analysis: A video published on a YouTube channel, in which mathematical arguments are used to convince public opinion about a certain point of view, was the object of the study whose result is presented in this paper. Design: With theoretical-methodological procedures that are based on the pragmatic theory of fixation of beliefs and on the verification of the mathematical content, the analysis adopted a qualitative approach. Setting and Participants: This is a study about a video considered false by news agencies, aired by a famous Brazilian journalist. Results: The study of fake news and desinformation scenario has allowed us to observe that mathematical speeches linked to the ideology of mathematical certainty are responsible for the establishment of beliefs and the formation of opinions by authority and tenacity methods. Conclusions: We conclude that mathematical models and mathematical discourses used in virtual communication environments can be responsible for camouflaging the human factor in political decisions and obscuring the visibility of ethical and morality variables.

Outscoping the Directive Force of Imperatives

Tiwa, a Tibeto-Burman language of India, has an obligatory wide scope disjunction particle that must outscope the directive force of imperatives. I argue that the behavior of wide scope disjunction in Tiwa provides evidence in favor of theories of imperative meaning that derive directive force from an operator in the semantics proper (e.g., Kaufmann 2012) over purely pragmatic theories (e.g., Portner 2004, 2007). Specifically, I argue that the disjunction must be able to outscope the imperative operator in order to capture the attested reading.

ANALISIS DIKSI PADA PIDATO PELAKU USAHA NASIONAL DENGAN KAJIAN PRAGMATIK

This study aims to find diction in the speeches of national business actors in pragmatic studies. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative, with a pragmatic theory approach. The data source of this research is the speech of national business actors and the data of this research is that the speech in it contains several dictions. Data collection techniques in this study using documentation techniques. The data to be studied has been previously documented, this aims to assist researchers in obtaining the desired data. Data collection in this study was carried out by recording language utterances in the form of sentence fragments that had a complete context. The data is identified based on the form of diction and the data is collected and sorted systematically based on the identification and classification data format that has been determined. Based on the results of data analysis, found two results of diction analysis, language power, consisting of persuasive power, critical power, egocentrism power (I-ness), clear power (informative), awakening power, commanding power and provocative power.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ТЕХНОСРЕДЫ БИОСФЕРЫ ОТ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ

The uncontrolled excessive use of natural and technogenic resources of the biosphere is accompanied by their depletion and the formation of signifi cant volumes of waste that pollute the living environment of society. The purpose of the publication is to draw the attention of the scientifi c community and production specialists to the problems of identifying, assessing and reducing the risk of information pollution of the biosphere from the planned digitalization of reclaimed agricultural production. Based on the results of the studies performed, the objects of information pollution of the biosphere from the digitalization of the amelioration of its natural ecosystems and components of the technosphere were identifi ed and characterized. Information pollution of the biosphere is classifi ed according to the types of pollution. The analysis is carried out and the features of information pollution of natural systems from the digitalization of land reclamation are determined. Pollution of natural systems, depending on the nature of the origin, is classifi ed according to ingredient, parametric and biocenotic factors. The main sources and carriers of information pollution of biosphere ecosystems are characterized. The results of studies of pollution of the information resource of the production environment of the digitalization of land reclamation are presented. The expected results and the possible risk of pollution of the production area of melioration from the digitalization of reclaimed agricultural production are shown. Information noise is classifi ed according to the theory of information transmission, as well as the provisions of semantic and pragmatic theories. The most common sources of technogenic information pollution are described. Priority measures are proposed to reduce the risks of information pollution of the biosphere from the digitalization of land reclamation activities. It is confi rmed that a reasonable reduction in the anthropogenic load on the biosphere will be able to provide the latter with the opportunity for sustainable development with an acceptable level of change in the conditions for the functioning of its constituent ecosystems and the technosphere component.

Лукиан, модернизм и интертекстуальность. К прагматической теории культуры

The paper considers the issues of modernist and pragmatic discourses in the works of the Ancient Greek writer of the 2nd century AD. Lucian of Samosata. His fa­mous work The Passing of Peregrinus is placed in the conceptual field of “Theory of the avant-garde” by Renato Poggioli, terminologically close to the conception of the menippea of Mikhail Bakhtin. Ancient modernism and pragmatism are ana­lyzed in connection with the modern European intellectual history and general the­ory of culture. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to separate the elements of modernist aesthetics and pragmatic theory in the work of Lucian. In addition, the author insists on the identification of several proper modernist dis­courses competing with Lucian (and the corresponding classification of conno­tations): primitivist (populist) and intellectualist (elitist). Lucian's philosophical instrumentalism becomes an ideal background for the collage (intertextual) aes­thetics of novelty and shock, the autonomy of the aesthetic sphere. At the same time, the rejection of ontologism and metaphysics by Lucian leads to a situation of considering artistic, political and philosophical problems within the framework of a kind of unified media theory, which also anticipates contemporary conceptual approaches.

MOGAMA VERBAL COMMUNICATION AS LOCAL WISDOM IN THE POST- MARRIAGE CEREMONY OF BOLAANG MONGONDOW ETHNIC: THE ETHNOPRAGMATIC STUDY

Research on Mogama Verbal Communication as Local Wisdom in the Post-marriage Ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow Ethnic: The Ethnopragmatic Study aims to (1) identify Mogama's verbal communication in the form of poetry and prayers which show ethnopragmatics in the postwedding ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow ethnicity; (2) Classify Mogama's verbal communication in the form of poetry and prayers that show ethnopragmatics in the post-wedding ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow ethnicity. The theory used in this study is: The ethnopragmatic theory of Susani, Ratna, P., 2019, which examines the use of language based on the cultural context of the community that owns it. Austin (1962) and Searle (1979) state that in pragmatic theory that speech acts study language by taking into account the communication situation is called non-linguistic or called context. What can be seen is the relationship between language and action (https://aksara.kemdikbud.go.id downloaded on January, 2022).

Humorously Illuminating yet Insulting: A Feminist Deconstruction of Selected Asante Proverbs

The research looked at the illuminatingly obscure nature of the proverb related to the people of AnhwiaNsensanso in the Kwabere East District of Asante. A descriptive survey of ten selected Asante proverbs was used. The purpose of the study was to use AhwiaNsensanso as a case study to examine how the proverb is humorously illuminating, yet insulting. A qualitative approach was employed to access and describe the related views concerning the use of Asante proverbs. It was informed by the theories of Humour, Pragmatics and Feminism. The main finding of the study indicated that Asante proverbs capitalize on culture and tradition to humorously tease and denigrate women sexually. It was observed that this is done without regard to gender constructions that seek to remedy the imbalances created in our contemporary African society. It is recommended by this study that for the contemporary African society to succeed in the application of prescribed gender constructions put in place by the feminist function, a serious survey must be done to address rules that support those utterances in Asante proverbs that are shockingly vulgar. This is because they serve to put women back into a position fought already by gender activists.

Democracy Needs Justice, Not Fairness: The Constitutive Rules of Democratic form of Life as an Answer to the Anomie of Law

Context: The debate on the issue of Justice from the premise of the need for an impartial criteria. Objective: It is intended to demonstrate the social pathologies resulting from the understanding of law and justice as impartial validation criteria established prior to social events that they intend to regulate and legitimize. The article seeks, then, to establish an understanding of democracy as the effectuation of the constitutive rules of the multiple forms of life in a democracy. Method: The bibliographical research and argument confrontation method was used through the conditional inferential logic of the pragmatic theory of language. Relevance/Originality: The article demonstrates how it is possible to broaden the understanding of Law so that it becomes a source of social dynamism, producing justice by avoiding the anomie of understanding Law as a stabilizer of expectations in the dispute between conflicting wills. Results: The article demonstrates the feasibility of understanding Law as a set of constitutive rules of democracy. Such understanding proves to be effective as a theoretical response to the anomies faced by contemporary democracies. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The application of the concept of constitutive rules to Law and the use of Robert Brandom's inferential logic in the analysis of democratic issues are innovative elements present in the article. Contributions: The theoretical proposal demonstrates the importance of grounding the Law on the appropriation of legal rules made by the person living in a democracy, especially the person that is in an unfavorable social situation.

Emotions from the point of view of the pragmatic theory of information and communication

Emotions from the point of view of the pragmatic theory of information and communication

Interpretation, relevance and the ideological effects of discursive practice

Abstract Research in Critical Discourse Studies has for long recognised the central role that both direct and indirect communicative strategies play in the reproduction of social inequality, but a main proponent of this approach has expressed scepticism with regard to the contribution that theories of pragmatics which specifically focus on speaker intentions can make to its agenda. This paper sets out to examine how relevance theory’s theoretical machinery can be applied to the critical discussion of ideology in discourse, by offering insights that overcome the limitations imposed by this concentration of its precursors on speaker intentions. More specifically, I discuss how the cognitive perspective that relevance theory adopts can inform our understanding of the way in which ideological effects automatically arise during spontaneous utterance interpretation. After accounting for the derivation of these effects, I briefly suggest how it can additionally be taken to underlie the propagation of ideologies through discursive practice.

Analisis Tindak Tutur Yang Mengandung Implikatur Dalam Drama Ansangu Shinderera Byouin Yakuzaishi No Shohousen

ABSTRACT: This research discusses about the types of speech acts that contain implicatures in the drama tittled Ansangu Shinderera Byouin Yakuzaishi No Shohousen. The main focus of this thesis is to identify dialogues in the drama that fall into the five speech acts qualifications according to Searle which have implicit intentions. The theory used in this thesis is a pragmatic theory which examines what a person means in his speech when communicating. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. In conclusion, in the Ansangu Shinderera Byouin Yakuzaishi No Shohousen drama found the five types of illocutionary speech acts that classified by Searle and containing implicatures with the intention of prohibiting, refusing, expressing ability, desire, request, plead, insinuating, and command.