Pragmatic Potential Research Articles

Дискурсивные маркеры и речевые стратегии (на материале немецкого языка)

The paper deals with the notions of speech influence and speech strategies. Along with the description of various points of view on speech and communication strategies, the question of the classification of strategies is touched upon, the main and auxiliary strategies are identified. A speech strategy is understood as a set of speech actions aimed at achieving a communicative goal. The focus is on the functions of discourse markers and their ability to implement certain speech strategies. The research determines the pragmatic potential of discourse markers focused on the implementation of different speech strategies. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to consider discourse markers from the perspective of the speaker’s implementation of certain speech strategies in an utterance. As a result, it has been shown that discourse markers serve to implement the cooperation strategy, on the one hand, and the evasion strategy, on the other hand. They are an integral component of the communicative process and are necessary for maintaining communication as they indicate the importance of subsequent information, as well as for selecting the correct wording, and for the moving on to another topic and interrupting the interlocutor or marking the inexpediency of continuing the conversation.

A Study on Enhancement of Language Competence Through Pragmatic Practices

English is unquestionably an international tongue, and it is now more significant than ever due to its widespread use. Students must communicate in English both for academic and professional purposes. To meet the diverse learning demands of Indian students from various age groups, social backgrounds, and cultural backgrounds, a variety of teaching strategies are observed and used. The Grammar Translation method, used up until the 1970s, was teaching linguistic forms and structures with the goal of enhancing grammatical proficiency through memorization of rules, to comprehend the syntax of the second language. However, it disregards the significance of linguistic and socio-cultural factors. Direct utterances hardly ever have room for concealed or suggested meanings when learning linguistic competence, like grammar. However, in normal conversation, speakers typically convey the majority of communicational material through inference rather than explicit language. Having a conversation without using implicit meaning is actually impossible. As a result, it is important to examine an utterance's pragmatic potential or any context-specific latent meanings. In other words, pragmatics is the study of communicative behavior in a socio-cultural context since every utterance is not isolated and has socio-cultural implications based on the goal and manner of speaking. Conversation, debate, and many forms of discourses are examples of communication actions whereas speech acts are requesting, addressing, inviting, apologizing etc. This paper focuses on students’ self-learning abilities and various methods that enhance their pragma- linguistics.

Конфликтный паратаксис в современной прозе

Based on the material of modern postmodern prose, the article examines syntactic constructions with conflict parataxis, the conflicting nature of which is created by the internal semantic inconsistency of the components, fragmentation, abruptness, rearrangement of fragments into parallel groups. They include structures of a simple sentence with homogeneous members, complex sentences with parallel subordination and a complex syntactic whole. The process of their structuring correlates with the principles of cognitive processing of objective reality by human consciousness. The diversity of the analyzed structures in terms of lexical-semantic content, valence properties of components, their order forms communicative-pragmatic homogeneity and conflict semantics. The non-prototypicality of constructions with conflict parataxis expands their pragmatic potential, which is demonstrated in fragments of the prose of B. Pasternak, as well as V. Pelevin, T. Tolstoy, Z. Prilepin. Structuring a parataxic series on the basis of some commonality (common seme, mode of expression, function, pretext, historical context) creates a sense of homogeneity in the reader's mind and creates conditions for variable interpretations. The diversity of the analyzed structures in terms of lexico-semantic content, valence properties of the components of the series, the order of their arrangement allow us to speak of a special type of communicative-pragmatic homogeneity of the components of the paratactic series. The analysis of the presented material leads to the conclusion that the conflict parataxis in modern postmodern prose is one of the productive methods that create its simultaneity, fragmentation, and discursiveness.

Комунікативно-прагматичний потенціал простого речення як варіанта синтаксичної одиниці «речення» в українській прозі для дітей

Introduction. The article describes the results of the study of the simple sentence as a variant of the syntactic unit "sentence" in terms of revealing the signs of communicative and pragmatic potential in Ukrainian prose for children. Purpose. The research aims at characteristics of the communicative and pragmatic potential of the simple sentence (two-member, one-member). It focuses on the generalizations about its stylistic functions in children prose (based on the material of V. Nestaiko's prose). Methods. The dominant method was scientific analysis, based on theoretical provisions about the relationship between language and thinking; the well-known axiom about the combination of formal and semantic factors in the qualification of syntax postulates was applied. Elements of distributional and transformational analysis were also used. Results. A corpus of two-member and one-member simple sentences (without secondary parts and with them) was created within the text by V. Nestaiko for children. The tasks set in the study have been solved. Originality. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the widest possible use of traditional and new methods of analyzing children prose that is quite original in content and grammar. Conclusion. The results obtained in the study demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the syntactic unit "sentence" in the children prose, and the approach itself can be considered a guideline for studying other syntactic units of the Ukrainian language, as well as in the comparative aspect.

СЕМАНТИКО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РЕКЛАМНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ НАРУЖНОЙ РЕКЛАМЫ)

The article deals with issues related to the features of the functioning and identification of the semantic and pragmatic potential of advertising texts on the example of outdoor advertising. The material of the study was advertising banners selected by continuous sampling from various Internet portals, the content of which is determined by the presence of non-verbal text elements and verbal signs interacting with each other. Outdoor advertising is considered from the point of view of pragmatic potential, the nature of which depends on the choice of language units with a certain denotative and connotative meaning that affects communication strategies. It is shown that when creating an advertising text, the author can use various techniques and methods of influencing the addressee so that the advertising message attracts attention and produces the proper communicative effect (incitement to action). The article considers the advertising text as a semiotically complicated phenomenon, consisting of a set of lexico-semantic means and their relationship with visual elements.

Заголовки прозових творів для дітей: синтаксична організація та комунікативно-прагматичний потенціал

Introduction. In the contemporary scientific paradigm, the multivector study of representatives at the syntactic level has been implemented using various discursive and stylistic texts. However, the research of heading of prose for children is fragmentary. In this regard, it is perspective to describe the headings of fairy tales by V. Nestaiko, concurrently directing attention to the systematic analysis of their syntactic structure, morphological expression means, and lexical content. Equally relevant is the linguo-stylistic aspect, which, in combination, allows for the identification of the artist's style. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the syntactic specificity and outline the typology of sentence structures explicating the headings of fairy tales by V. Nestaiko, clarify their functional potential, communicative-pragmatic features, stylistic and structural parameters. The syntactic units presented in the heading complexes are characterized in terms of evaluative aspects, emotional-expressive coloring, modality, realization of authorial intention, and with the purpose of highlighting the originality of the writer's thought and his/her skill in handling artistic language. Methods. The objectivity of the research was ensured by employing a descriptive method, allowing for the classification and characterization of factual material based on a set of defining features. The distributive analysis method facilitated the research of title sentences in terms of their combinatory and contextual features. The comprehensive analysis was used to describe syntactic units with an emphasis on their structure, semantic, morphological, and stylistic features, intention, communicative-pragmatic potential, and modality. Results. The studied headings are presented through several simple sentences, predominantly differing not only in structural parameters but also in emotional-expressive coloring, modality, intention, pragmatic features, and morphological expression. The author actively employs quotations – expressions of fairy tale characters that, in the context of other constructions, create stylistic contrast. The headings of the works are characterized by the presence of animal names and patronyms, as well as exclamations. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by: 1) a detailed description of simple single-clause and compound two-clause structures, complex compound sentences, and non- clausal constructions that model headings; 2) a systematic analysis of sentence elements and their formal representatives – lexical units that have accompanying positive or negative nuances, often serving expressive functions and revealing intentional-pragmatic potential; 3) a comprehensive study of the names of fairy tales in the aspect of modal interpretation, which became a prerequisite for their examination with a focus on the real-irreal paradigmatic feature, as well as means of expressing morphological, syntactic, and lexical-grammatical modalities. Conclusion. The heading complexes of V. Nestaiko's works are informative and structurally rich. They are expressed through syntactic units with varying structures, content, part-of-speech, emotional-evaluative, expressive, intentional, and pragmatic potential. In the headings of the writer's fairy tales, there are expressions that often have the nuances of oral spontaneous communication and implement interrogative, imperative, desiderative, affirmative/negative modal meanings, occasionally modal meanings of probability and necessity. All of this highlights the individual style of the writer.

Функційні вияви парцелятів в ідіостилі Івана Франка

The article is devoted to the study of parcelat, which is one of the means of expressive syntax. The use of parcellation is characteristic feature of artistic and conversational styles, which demonstrates the combination of various syntactic forms of expression dictated by communicative requirements. Parcelat is the result of the segmentation of a sentence as a complete syntactic and intonation-content structure into several elements (basic part and segment) in order to actualize individual fragments of the message. In the context of the theory of actual articulation, the main part (core) of the parcelat occupies the thematic position, and the segment (parcel) is an expression of the rheme. The lack of linguistic works dedicated to the study of parcelat in the artistic heritage of Ivan Franko arouses scientific interest in studying the peculiarities of the functioning of parcelat in the writer's artistic works and determining their tasks in achieving a perlocutionary effect on the reader. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of parcelat within a simple sentence based on the materials of Ivan Franko's literary works ("Petrii and Dovbuschuku" (1 ed.), "Borislav laughs", "Cross paths", "Petrii and Dovbuschuku" (2 ed.)), belonging to different periods of the writer's creativity. Parceled homogeneous predicates are the most used within a simple sentence, parceled homogeneous adjuncts, homogeneous circumstances and parceled predicate, meaning, adjunct, circumstance and the main member of a one-syllable sentence are much less recorded. Most often, the writer used parcelat with a non-conjunctive connection, less often – with a conjunctive one, sporadically used parcelat, the formal marker of which is a dot pause between the components. We note the quantitative growth of cases of parcellation in the writer's artistic works belonging to the late period of creativity. In the research, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the parcelat within a simple sentence, used by Ivan Franko in the artistic works of different periods of creativity, was carried out, which made it possible to reveal dynamic processes in their functioning. We see the prospect of further exploration in the involvement of a larger number of Ivan Franko's artistic works in order to reveal their functional and pragmatic potential in the writer's idiostyle. Key words: simple sentence, segmentation, parcelat, expressive syntax, pragmatics of artistic text, Ivan Franko.

PRAGMASTYLISTICS OF ONE-COMPOUND STRUCTURES IN THE LANGUAGE OF MODERN UKRAINIAN MASS MEDIA

The article examines the stylistics and pragmatics of one-compound structures in the language of the Ukrainian press of the third decade of the 21st century. The stylistic specificity and updated meaning loads of the most common types of one-compound structures caused by the journalist’s intentions, the range of his pragmatic attitudes (doubt, confidence, objectivity, subjectivity, etc.) and the needs of public communication are characterized. Peculiarities of the communicative purpose, pragmatic potentials and implementation of one-compound structures in the language of the modern Ukrainian press are outlined. It was found that one-member sentences as a fairly common language tool of modern Ukrainian mass media are endowed with a range of functions and nuances. The proposed article analyzes various semantic and stylistic nuances of one-compound structures, correlated with the journalist’s pragmatic intentions, which made it possible to outline the depth of their potential in the non-standard plane of the media sphere. The dependence of the choice and structuring of one-compound structures on the genre differentiation of modern Ukrainian newspaper publications and communicative-pragmatic needs, which are often reflected in the journalist’s communicative intentions, the tonality of information presentation, the construction of the newspaper text according to the author’s communicative strategies, the reader’s level of perception and interpretive capabilities, is substantiated. It has been observed that the expressive and evaluative stylistic function, which is quite important mostly for artistic-journalistic and analytical genres, is often performed by those one-compound structures that undergo generalized figurative metaphorization due to the introduction of elements of conversational syntax. Instead, in the language of informational genres, impersonal one-compound structures with the meaning of ascertaining a fact, obligation, need to implement an action appear productive. It has been established that the pragmatic-stylistic specificity of the use of various types of one-compound structures in the language of Ukrainian newspapers of the third decade of the 21st century attests to an expressive national way of forming and expressing thoughts by syntactic means.

Means of evaluation in environmental media discourse

The purpose of the article is to describe and classify the linguistic means expressing evaluative meaning in the environmental media discourse. The objectives of the study include the identification of different means expressing evaluation in media texts devoted to environmental issues, identifying lexical items and stylistic devices for the formation of an evaluation strategy in modern media texts devoted to environmental issues, creating a typology of evaluative linguistic means in media environmental discourse. The method of component analysis of the lexical meaning of a word was used in the work, it enabled full understanding and characterization of lexical units with an evaluative component in their semantics. The method of content analysis of media texts made it possible to identify the pragmatic potential of axiological vocabulary used in Russian media texts dealing with environmental issues. The article considers the category of evaluation, which is universal for media discourse, and proposes a classification of linguistic means of expressing evaluative meaning in environmental media discourse. It is supposed to divide all linguistic means of expression of evaluative meaning into two main groups according to their positive or negative meaning. The authors carried out a detailed part-of-speech analysis of the lexical items of both groups, proposed their classification and analysed stylistic devices as a way of expressing a positive or negative connotation. The analysis showed that the most frequent among all the lexical items under consideration are adjectives with different meanings, which are widely used as a means of influence in the environmental media discourse and are capable of expressing ethical, aesthetic and rationalistic (utilitarian) assessment.

Комунікативно-прагматична спроможність простого підмета в мові сучасної української прози для дітей

Introduction. The article examines various approaches to the interpretation of the subject as the main member of a simple two-syllabic sentence, highlights its formal-semantic and morphological-syntactic qualification features. The forms of expression of the simple subject in the language of modern Ukrainian prose for children are analyzed and the specifics of its functioning in "children's" contexts are outlined. The communicative-pragmatic capacity of various types of the subject determined by the intentions of the authors, the purpose of the analyzed works, the age and psychological characteristics of the addressee, and other extralinguistic factors have been clarified. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to determine the structural-semantic and communicative-pragmatic features of the subject in the language of modern prose works for children: to outline the structural-semantic specificity of the functioning of the subject in the language of works for children; to clarify the communicative and pragmatic potential of sentences with an expressively colored subject in their structure; to determine the factors affecting the choice of the subject in the contexts of children's perception of textual information. Methods. The method of linguistic and contextual analysis. Results. It was determined that the communicative and pragmatic capacity of the simple subject in the language of works for children is realized in different ways. The most active are subjects expressed by nouns. First of all, it is related to proper names, which are an effective means of activating the child's attention, contribute to the development of his/her thinking, imagination, fantasy, and also expand information about the heroes, serve as their micro-characteristics. The analysis of the functioning of the subject in the language of works for children can serve as a basis for characterizing the idiostyle of a modern Ukrainian children's writer, his/her language skills. Originality. In linguistics, a subject that has not been fully studied up to now deserves special attention. First of all, it concerns the peculiarities of functioning in works of art, their role in revealing the ideological intention of the author, and stylistic properties. In linguistics, there is still no special research on the peculiarities of the communicative and pragmatic ability of the simple subject in the language of modern prose works for children, which determines the relevance of our article. Conclusion. The subject in works for children vividly reveals communicative and pragmatic ability. Especially interesting are the subjects presented with casual names, which create a powerful comic effect, thanks to which small recipients form stable ideas about the general categories of good and evil. Thanks to the use of an proper name, the communicative situation does not require additional characteristics of the hero. It is in the creation of such a context that the skill of the writer will be revealed, their ability to concentrate, to reproduce reality, to reveal fantasy, to bring the story closer to the reader with efficient language means.

Translation features of BBC media article headlines (evidence from English and Russian equivalents)

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the translation features, typical of BBC article headlines. The material included 107 news headlines selected randomly, which had their Russian equivalents. A semantic and comparative analysis served as the research method. The close attention to media texts in the era of digital technology proliferation explains the relevance of the study. The findings show that translation equivalents convey both the communicative and pragmatic potential of the original headlines. For this purpose, a complex of semantic transformations is used for maintaining the adequate meaning of original news in the target language, considering background knowledge of the target audience. The theoretical value lies in the fact that media headlines constitute an individual sub-genre which requires special research. The results can be used in the practice of teaching translation techniques to students specializing in linguistics and translation studies.

INTERNET MEME AS A PHENOMENON OF MODERN MEDIA DISCOURSE: STYLISTIC-PRAGMATIC ASPECT

The article deals with the German creolized memes of recent years, dedicated to prominent political figures and events, selected by continuous sampling on various Internet platforms and social networks (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook). Modern linguistics focuses on the study of language as a communication tool and the study of verbal structures in accordance with the conditions in which they function. Language means are considered in their purpose to solve specific pragmatic tasks and achieve specific communicative goals, which predetermines the study of not only the structure of language units but also their participation in real communication. The media environment as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon is now not just an area for the creation and consumption of an information product, but also a space, where the information needs of a modern linguistic personality are met, certain life guidelines and values are created. In the digital plane of the media sphere guidelines, trends, and methods of genre organization are formed during the textual transmission of information in a virtual coordinate system, where the new means of transmitting ideas about reality, norms, and problems are approved. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the linguistic picture of the world of a modern German person and the present German authorities, captured in the digital plane in the format of a meme – a standardized and integral unit of Internet communication in the German-speaking infosphere. The purpose of the study is to highlight the structural features and stylistically pragmatic potential of Internet memes through the prism of their contextual transformation and conversion into elements of ideological influence in modern German-language media discourse. The use of Internet memes in the political sphere stimulates citizens to be more active and interested in various political events, suggests the support of certain political forces. Purposeful creation of such memes is characterized by a clearly expressed ideological goal: influence on the consciousness of members of society and their involvement in a communicative discussion in the vast virtual information space.

The communicative and pragmatic potential of non-standard vocabulary

The article is devoted to the study of the sub-standard vocabulary of the English language using examples of American slang, which makes up its main part. The development of language and society entails the constant emergence of new units of both standard and non-standard vocabulary. Knowledge of this layer of vocabulary is necessary for a better understanding of native English speakers, modern literature and mass media. The definitions and stylistic characteristics of the layers of non-standard vocabulary are indicated, combining them into a lexico-semantic paradigm based on the principle of socio-cultural and stylistic determinism of their functioning. The communicative structure of a literary text as a linguocultural space is determined to identify the stylistic characteristics of non-standard lexical units. The features of the conceptualization of the world through non-standard vocabulary are revealed. In addition, the article describes the communicative and pragmatic techniques of non-standard vocabulary at the lexical and semantic levels. At the word-formation level, non-standard compatibility manifests itself, as a rule, through a language game created with the help of word-formation means, as a rule, it is affixation, contamination, abbreviation, truncation.

Дифференциация частиц в немецком языке

The study aims to present the differentiation of particles in the German language according to the degree of manifestation of their grammatical and pragmatic properties. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the differentiation of particles of the German language has been developed according to the degree of expression of their grammatical and pragmatic properties and a definition of pragmaticalization has been proposed. As a result, it has been shown that grammaticalized units that determine the type of speech act and its form can also have pragmatic properties, participating in the creation of coherence of a text/discourse. According to the degree of manifestation of grammatical and pragmatic properties, the following groups of particles have been identified: (1) particles with a low degree of grammaticalization the lexical meaning of which manifests itself out of context; (2) grammaticalized particles (a high degree of grammaticalization) that perform an exclusively structuring function in a phrase and a sentence; (3) particles as grammatical indicators (a high degree of grammaticalization) that also possess pragmatic potential, which is manifested in the management of speech acts; and (4) pragmaticalized particles used to mark the transition from one micro-theme to another or serving to attract the attention of the interlocutor to the specified problem.

Iconicity as a way of exchanging scientific and technical information in academic texts in the context of sustainable development of sociolinguistic interactions

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in non-verbal means of written forms of interpersonal communication. It is explained by the fact that the informational component and the pragmatic potential of non-verbal means of communication are often much higher than those of verbal means. As a result, the researchers focus their studies on texts which structural organization contains, in addition to verbal code units, the means of other semiotic codes. Such texts are called creolized or polycode. Polycode texts are a distinctive feature of academic texts, and their interpretation poses certain difficulties for students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural components of academic polycode texts; to study the ways of organizing verbal and iconic components; to describe the functional characteristics of iconic elements; to establish the mechanisms of interaction between linguistic and paralinguistic means when creating a single semantic unity of a polycode text. The main research methods are analysis, synthesis, comparison and observation. The textbook for the training of professional engineersCambridge English for Engineering written by M. Ibbotsonis used as the empirical material. The authors come to the following conclusions: there are four types of academic polycode texts; each type has a different pragmatic potential of verbal and iconic parts; in some types, the information function is more prominent in the iconic component; the use of photographs as iconic means facilitates the process of text interpretation and scientific and technical data exchange.

АСПЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ НАРРАТИВА В РУССКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ: ДОМИНАНТЫ И ДИСКУРСИВНЫЕ ВАРИАНТЫ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ

The subject of research in this article is narrative texts in Russian and Czech, which are compared in order to determine the specifics of the aspectual models of narrative in each language and the regularities of integration of interpretive mechanisms in artistic discourse. The comparison is carried out with the help of the Czech-Russian parallel subcorpus of the Czech National Corpus. In both languages, the dominant forms here are the perfective past tense forms, but significant differences in the combination of aspect forms have also been identified. In Czech, more often than in Russian, one or more resultant actions included in the narrative are represented as an ongoing process by means of non-perfective verbs. Our study confirms the assumptions of cognitive linguistics about the dual role of grammatical categorization, simultaneously directed at the world around us and the world of language, and allows us to clarify the mechanism of alignment and interaction of these aspects of categorization. On the one hand, the categorical semantics of the verb aspect and perfective and non-perfective forms fixes the cultural-historical specificity of perceiving the denoted elements of the dynamic world by the speech community. On the other hand, the grammatical conceptualization is influenced by the intrasystemic relations between verb categories and forms. Besides, differences in national discourse traditions have been revealed between the compared languages, namely the influence of the style of old epic poems on the pragmatic potential of preterit forms in modern Russian.

MEANS OF GENERATING A LANGUAGE GAME IN THE FRENCH ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Problem statement. The study of the means of creating a language game in a certain discourse, which gives expressiveness and pragmatic potential to speech, is very relevant for the development of language theory. The study of linguistic means, the use of which is effective for generating a language game in advertising discourse, in particular French, is of particular importance, because knowledge of such means and the ability to apply them in advertising texts is very important not only for the development of language theory, but also for the development of marketing, trade and many other spheres of social life. The importance of the place of advertising in various areas of social life, as well as the interdisciplinary status of the language game implemented in the advertising discourse, determine the high degree of relevance of this article. The results of the study. In the course of research within the framework of the French advertising discourse of numerous texts, the object of which is a certain product (product, service, etc.), the language levels at which the language game is implemented, as well as linguistic means through the use of which the language game is generated, are revealed. It is established that it is implemented at all language levels – phonetic, lexical, grammatical. The paradigm of linguistic means is defined, the use of which allows the author of the advertising text to actualize the language game at each level of the language. It is revealed that in one advertising text it is possible to use both one path or one figure, and several different paths or figures. Moreover, the implementation of only one path or one figure in the advertising text is much more frequent. Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the language game is a very productive phenomenon in the French advertising discourse. At the phonetic level, it is generated through the use of puns, associative consonances; at the lexical level – through metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, antithesis; at the grammatical level – with the help of adjectives in the degree of comparison, repetitive lexical units, constructions with syntactic parallelism. The language game allows you to use the advertising text not only to inform the recipient, but also to convince and encourage him to purchase the advertised product.

Linguopragmatic Potential of the Use of Polycode Metaphor in PR Discourse

This study is a continuation of the author’s research of various approaches to the use of metaphor and other expressive language means in texts of English PR discourse (public relations discourse). The aim of the work to reveal the use of the linguistic and pragmatic potential of expressive linguistic units inherent in the texts of the sphere of directed communication, based on the material of the English-language PR discourse, taking into account the PR ends of informing the society and building a certain understanding of the described phenomena. Regarding the stance of attributing metaphor to complex mental mechanisms, public relations councilors resort to their usage to represent new phenomena through the sensory and social experience of a person. The novelty of the study is the conclusion that by using certain polycode language units, PR copywriters get the opportunity to transfer conceptual representations to a process or phenomenon that is difficult to understand, since complex professional texts can be adapted for understanding through similarity and analogy presented in language. The conducted research contributes to discursive studies, as well as to understanding of metaphorical thinking in theory and practice, which can be used in teaching courses in lexicology, phraseology of the English language, as well as for training specialists in the field of communication studies.

Intonation as Means of Logic-Emotional Expressiveness in Professional Actor’s Verbal Action

The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiar features of intonation as one of the most essential means of a professional actor’s logic-emotional expressiveness, as well as to define the specificity of logical intonation of an utterance in the context of verbal activity. The research methodology. The author has applied typological, systems methods and the method of functional analysis to analyse intonation in the context of verbal activity by a professional actor. The method of terminological analysis has been used to specify basic terms and definitions of the research. The method of cognitive analysis has enabled the extrapolation of theoretical foundations of linguistics to the theatrical art. Scientific novelty. The article presents the research of intonation as the main means of logic-emotional expressiveness in the context of a professional actor’s verbal activity. The author has analysed the functions of intonation, peculiar features of its components, such as logical and verbal stress, pauses, rising and falling tones, speech melody, voice timbre, tempo, as well as intonation constructions in the theatrical speech. Moreover, the author has described some types of utterances with different emotional shades in the context of selecting language means by an actor to make a character expressive/well-marked. Conclusions. Connotative and emotional-stylistic differences in an actor’s speech when in an image appear as a result of cooperation between sentence syntactic structure, the lexis, intonation patterns used and denotative relations in the context. Emotional verbal expressiveness of a professional actor is a result of a complex work at all language levels: lexical, syntactical, and prosodic. Using intonation an actor can express various character’s emotions such as surprise, elation, joy, sadness, fear, and anger. Logical intonation in the professional actor’s speech comprises speech melody, tempo, and timbre. It is an inseparable component of a speech act and a powerful tool of influence on the audience. The spectators can understand through intonation only a specific emotion the actor expresses during the character presentation. Mastering stage speech at the professional level means a thorough selection of intonation means according to their communicative and pragmatic potential in a specific dramaturgic piece. Taking into account the influence of intonation pattern of a character’s mother tongue is one the essential elements of selecting verbal means of an actor’s expressiveness in the process of creating an image.
 Key words: intonation, logical intonation, logic-emotional expressiveness, stage speech, professional actor.

Abortion Ban в англоязычных социальных медиа в 2022 г.: лингвопрагматические аспекты онлайн-коммуникации

The present research featured the conflict discourse of online communication in social networks on the topic of abortion ban. The empirical base included 3,000,000 Twitter messages in English. The sampling by keywords women and abortion covered the period from May 1 to July 31, 2022, which saw an outburst of online and offline civic activities regarding some national anti-abortion policies. The resulting web corpus of network linguistic data (datasets) was subjected to multidimensional analysis using such methods as Data Science, mathematical modeling, relational sociology, corpus analysis, discourse analysis, etc. All these procedures combined resulted in a multidimensional comprehensive analysis of the simulated English asynchronous multimodal discursive field in Twitter. The models made it possible to visualize online communications in social networks, as well as to describe the discourse of online communication between pro-choice and pro-life. The authors analyzed the pragmatic potential of network communities on the current political agenda. The method might help to identify the conflict potential that can evolve from online communication into offline socio-political actions.