Pragmatic Implications Research Articles

Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences

Errorful learning suggests that, when perfect learning has not yet been attained, errors can enhance future learning if followed by corrective feedback. Research on memory updating has shown that after retrieval, memory becomes more malleable and prone to change. Thus, retrieval of a wrong answer might provide a good context for the incorporation of feedback. Here, we tested this hypothesis using sentences including pragmatic sentence implications, commonly used for the study of false memories. Across two experiments with young adults, we hypothesized that corrective feedback would be more efficient at reducing false memories if provided immediately after retrieval, when memory is more malleable than after being exposed to the material. Participants’ memory was assessed as a function of the type of learning task (Experiment 1: retrieval vs. restudy; and Experiment 2: active vs. passive recognition); and whether participants received corrective feedback or not. In both experiments, we observed that retrieval not only improved correct recall (replicating the testing effect) but also promoted the correction of false memories. Notably, corrective feedback was more effective when given after errors that were committed during retrieval rather than after restudy (Experiment 1) or after passive recognition (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that the benefits of retrieval go beyond the testing effect since it also facilitates false memories correction. Retrieval seems to enhance memory malleability, thus improving the incorporation of feedback, compared to the mere presentation of the information. Our results support the use of learning strategies that engage in active and explicit retrieval because, even if the retrieved information is wrong—when immediate feedback is provided—memory updating is promoted and errors are more likely to be corrected.

Make an Environmental Impact Beyond the Organizational Boundary through Green Leisure Crafting

In this research, we aimed to investigate whether green transformational leadership and green training may contribute to employees’ green leisure crafting, thereby improving their green behaviors in private life. We also investigated whether employees’ green value may amplify the impact of green leisure crafting on their green behaviors. The hypotheses are underpinned by self-determination theory and supply-value fit. Using a two-wave research design and studying a group of working individuals from a variety of industries in Taiwan (N=374), we found that green leisure crafting fully mediated the relationships between green transformational leadership and green training and green behaviors in private life and that green value strengthened the positive effect of green leisure crafting on green behaviors. Theoretical contributions, pragmatic implications, and future research avenues are discussed at the end of this research.

Women’s Working Conditions Following the Covid-19: Insights into Pinkwashing and Mansplaining

The Covid-19 pandemic has had adverse global impacts both economically and socially. Among these impacts, the pandemic has unfortunately played a role in aggravating perpetual gender inequalities, which primarily affect women across the globe. In this context, this study developed four poetic inquiries to investigate how the lives of the working women and workplace relationships were changed during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The results of the study indicate that pinkwashing and mansplaining are two critical phenomena that fuel the gender gap in organizations. Furthermore, this study provides pragmatic implications for policymakers by recommending the use of a diversity management approach to remove barriers causing the gender imbalance.

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Effect of hukou Accessibility on Migrants’ Long Term Settlement Intention in Destination

Migrants’ long-term settlement intention in urban areas has been emphasized by both policy makers and researchers in promoting urbanization and coordinating regional economic development. This study advances the body of knowledge by investigating the effect of what E.S. Lee has proposed as ‘intervening obstacles’ in the ‘push-and-pull’ theory—the difficulty in obtaining hukou in migration destination, on their long-term settlement intention in urban areas. Logistic regressions were applied to examine the effect of urban registered residence system (the hukou system) accessibility on migrants’ long-term settlement intention in urban areas, as well as the determinants of subjective evaluated difficulty in obtaining urban hukou, based on a nation-wide large-scale survey in 46 Chinese cities. Our results suggest that difficulty in obtaining urban hukou does play an important role in shaping country-wide population movement. However, the negative impact of hukou difficulty on migrant workers’ residence intention is not linear, and only when the threshold in obtaining hukou is too high and difficult to achieve will migrant workers choose to return to their hometown in the long term. Moreover, the subjective evaluation of difficulty is further influenced by personal capability and living conditions in cities. This study provides pragmatic implications for administrations from either push side or pull side to improve habitant-related development strategies.

Dynamic Creativity: A Person × Task × Situation Interaction Framework

ABSTRACTExisting theories and frameworks generally have regarded creativity as inhering in a person, a task, a situation, or a combination of 2 of these 3 elements. After reviewing these approaches, and frameworks that are based on the interaction of more than 2 components, we propose a Person × Task × Situation synergistic paradigm, according to which creativity is dynamic and can be fully understood only as an interaction of all 3 of the elements. Building on the strengths of existing frameworks, our P × T × S proposal highlights: (a) the need to include the other 2 elements as moderators, regardless of which element is the central or starting point of the analysis, (b) the idea that the extent to which each element influences the others and the degree of overlap among elements can vary, and (c) the dynamic aspect of creativity, associated with changes in different persons across the lifespan, for different creative tasks, and for different situations. In addition to contributing an integrative theoretical account, this framework has significant, pragmatic implications for both the assessment and the development of creativity. We end with a call for both researchers and practitioners who test for or teach for creativity to specify the range of persons, tasks, and situations to which their assessments or training generalize.

Exploring the synergy between R&D and advertising and firm performance: a neural network approach

PurposeThis paper explores the nonlinear interactions of research and development (R&D) and advertising and their synergistic effect on firm performance using Tobin's Q. This study also aims to investigate differential synergy patterns under varying levels of exports with a precision impact on performance.Design/methodology/approachUnlike a conventional statistical approach, this study uniquely presents a neural network approach to explore the dynamic interplay of strategic factors. A multilayer perceptron neural network (MPNN) is designed to capture complex interaction patterns through a predictive analytic process.FindingsThis study finds that the impact of R&D and advertising is positive, with a greater effect on high-export firms. Moreover, the experiment results show that the synergy of R&D and advertising goes beyond the formatted positive/negative frame and actually has a reinforcing effect.Practical implicationsThis study not only conveys the significant nexus of R&D and advertising for firm performance but also provides industry managers' practical means to assess the joint effect of R&D and advertising on firm performance. The proposed analytic mechanism in particular provides pragmatic decision support to managers in harmonizing their R&D and advertising efforts for a foreseeable impact.Originality/valueThis paper presents an innovative analytic process using the MPNN to explore the synergy between R&D and advertising. In addition to offering new perspectives on R&D and advertising, this study presents pragmatic implications for managing those strategic resources to meet performance targets.

Jelou pipol

Abstract This study explores the characteristics of the language used in Twitch, one of the most popular streaming platforms worldwide, as an example of computer-mediated communication (CMC). Some of the most salient traits used to describe CMC are found in Twitch chat messages, as the paper will show, confirming that the communicative interaction that takes place among users of this platform matches the features of CMC described in the academic literature. Additionally, the synchronous and multimodal nature of this platform, as well as the pragmatic implications of the use of subscriber-exclusive emotes are peculiarities that must be considered for a comprehensive description of the language that takes place on Twitch. Lastly, in the case of the videogame chats in Spanish studied, the paper introduces as a key factor in the description of this language the characteristics of the lexicon: its foreign origin, its neological nature and its high level of terminological specialisation.

Speaking up versus standing one's ground: The role of women's social networks in confronting street harassment

AbstractStreet harassment against women is an understudied form of gender‐based violence that severely limits women's safety and freedoms. One potential way of addressing street harassment is directly intervening against it, that is, the woman experiencing harassment confronts the perpetrator. However, this may be difficult to do in contexts where harassment is pervasive. In the context of a grassroots women's empowerment organisation in Dhaka, Bangladesh, I examined the relationship between women's positions in the social network structure of a group that espouses a norm of speaking up against street harassment, and their levels of displaying this behaviour. I hypothesised that an individual's network centrality would be associated with their engagement in behaviours that are prescribed by the group social norm; specifically, speaking up against street harassment. This hypothesis was not supported. However, exploratory analyses indicated that network centrality was a significant (negative) predictor of the participant's tendency to remove herself from the situation when harassed and a significant positive predictor of self‐efficacy for intervening against street harassment. This indicates that position in the network may play a role in confronting street harassment, though not through originally hypothesised mechanisms. Theoretical and pragmatic implications of these findings for engaging in intervention against street harassment are discussed.

Young residents’ household waste recycling intentions: extending TPB through place attachment

PurposeThe paper aims to understand the young residents’ household waste intentions through place attachment (PA) approach where place dependency (PD) and place identity (PLI) influence recycling intentions (RIs). Furthermore, the effect of norms (both subjective and moral) on residents’ association with PLI was also analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model, including the hypothesized relationship between variables, was established through relevant literature. The study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) through a place-based approach in young residents’ household waste RIs. The proposed conceptual model also replaced the position of norms (subjective and moral) as antecedents to PLI in the proposed extended and modified TPB model. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been used for the statistical analysis of the data. The questionnaires were distributed digitally. The convenience sampling approach was adopted for collecting data.FindingsThe results tenably billed the inclusion of placed-based approach in the TPB and norms (subjective and moral) in predicting PLI of young residents. All the alternative hypotheses in the proposed model were accepted. The predictive power of RIs was 41.4%.Research limitations/implicationsThe research only considered the educated and financially opulent residents, among whom the waste disposal system was well established and may have led to favorable results. The study only limits to measuring intentions, and its organic nature opens vistas for future research studies where more variables could be agglutinated to achieve pronounced prediction power and also further measure actual recycling behavior and practice.Practical implicationsThe study adds to pragmatic implications for local governments and municipalities where the waste collection apparatuses could capitalize on the findings to achieve efficiency in household waste collection and recycling.Social implicationsWith young generation of residents at the helm for forging a cleaner environment, the study motivates environmental enthusiasts and social scientists to better understand household waste RIs. The study will help young generation to become more sensitized towards the environment by making green changes in daily disposal habits.Originality/valueThe study explored two prospects. First, PA (place dependence and place identity) was added as an external variable and precedent to RIs, and second, the norms (both subjective and moral) were taken as antecedents to place identity.

Expertise, Knowledge, and Resilience in #AcademicTwitter: Enacting Resilience-Craft in a Community of Practice

Online communities of practice are a useful professional development space, where members can exchange information, aggregate expertise, and find support. These communities have grown in popularity within higher education—especially on social networking sites like Twitter. Although popular within academe, less is known about how specific online communities of practice respond and adapt during times of crisis (e.g., building capacity for resilience). We examined 22,078 tweets from #AcademicTwitter during the first two months of the Covid-19 pandemic, which impacted higher education institutions greatly, to explore how #AcademicTwitter enacted resilience during this time. Using text mining and semantic network analysis, we highlight three specific communicative processes that constitute resilience through a form of resilience labor that we conceptualize as “resilience craft.” Our findings provide theoretical significance by showing how resilience craft can extend theorizing around both communities of practice and the communicative theory of resilience through a new form of resilience labor. We offer pragmatic implications given our findings that address how universities and colleges can act resiliently in the face of uncertainty.

Reimagining career education with the future senses

PurposeCareer education and employability have become Australian university curriculum and pedagogy priorities to meet the changing world of work and federal government parameters linking higher education funding to graduate employment outcomes. This conceptual paper aims to present the hypothesis that emphasis on integrating career education in the curriculum can provide an opportunity to embed future-thinking concepts by reframing future-focussed career education practice to futures focussed. It proposes that using a Futures Senses lens to expand current career pedagogy liberates career education from individualised cognitive decision-making and self-analysis; to include the affective, collective imagining, ancestral voices and innate gifts.Design/methodology/approachA suite of five career education pedagogical tools that have been embedded by the author in the curriculum of an enabling education course in a regional Australian university; are described, analysed and reconceptualised using the Futures Senses. A Causal Layered Analysis provides a layered comparison of future-focussed and futures focussed career education.DiscussionThe discussion reflects on current pedagogical practice by the author and indicates pragmatic implications for applying a future-focussed approach to career education practice. Implementation of these reimagined activities provides an opportunity for future qualitative research.Originality/valueOpportunity exists to leverage rising institutional demands and political agendas of integrating career education in the tertiary curriculum, as a means of embedding futures concepts, thinking and pedagogy. The reimagined activities are a pragmatic offering that can be used by educators to initiate and nurture futures thinking.

Planetary Health Nursing.

Planetary health is focused on the interconnectedness of the health of humans, other species, and the physical environment. Disruption of the Earth's natural ecosystems due to human overconsumption; disregard for sustainable practices; and the domination of other humans, species, and natural systems has led to an urgent moment in which humans must act to preserve these ecosystems, which support life on this planet. Restoring planetary health requires new directions for nursing. The pragmatic implications for nursing research, education, advocacy, and practice are explored in this article.

Typology of pragmatic implications from the point of view of interaction between pragmatics and semantics

The subject matter of the study is communicative implications as one of the forms of implementation of speech acts. The starting point is the well-known theory of H. P. Grice, in which pragmatic implications are based on the principle of cooperation. The author shows the limitations of Grices theory, which presents the communicative conditions of implications, but does not present the communicative consequences. As an alternative, the author proposes the concept of pragmatic implications, taking into account the premises and consequences of indirect speech acts. Considering implication as a two-place relation between antecedent and consequent, the author identifies three types of implications that differ in the type of information in the antecedent and consequent parts: 1) semantic antecedent pragmatic consequent; 2) pragmatic antecedent pragmatic consequent; 3) pragmatic antecedent semantic consequent. This approach makes it possible to present indirect communication to the fullest extent, and also to explain many communicative phenomena in terms of the interaction between semantics and pragmatics. Implications are interpreted as the result of mental processing of conditionally categorical syllogisms, in which the first premise is an element of the cultural worldview. Thus, the author shows the relative nature of the opposition of conventional and communicative implications. The article uses the material of the modern Russian language, borrowed from various sources: journalism, fiction, the Internet, urban folklore and colloquial speech. The leading research method was pragmatic, namely, illocutionary, analysis with elements of discourse content analysis.

Vocatives of Ferdinand E. Marcos in Philippine Newspaper Articles: Forms, Structures, Positions and Pragmatic Inferences

This paper intends to provide details with regard to the forms, structures and positions of vocatives prevalently utilized by writers to address former President Ferdinand E. Marcos in news articles of the three leading Philippine newspapers (Philippine Daily Inquirer, The Philippine Star, and Manila Bulletin). A total of 90 news article samples were collected and pragmatically analyzed to answer the research questions at hand. Results revealed that Filipino news article writers favored the use of single- word and phrase forms of vocatives. As regards the vocatives structures, one – word noun (N) structure , Adj. + N + N, Det + Adj. + N, and Det + N phrasal structures are predominant in the top three dailies. Also, medial is the most preferred vocative position followed by initial then final position. Since vocatives have pragmatic implications, the employment of address forms (e.g. dictator, strongman, the author of Martial Law, and tyrant) to refer to Marcos suggests negativity as these terms indicate inappropriateness in the context of use. Consequently, it can be inferred that while writers’ presentation of Marcos in their articles exhibits fairness, there is a general lack of sensitivity and awareness regarding the suitable usage of some vocatives in Philippine culture.

THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE BIASES, EMOTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT DETERMINANTS ON INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION: AN EVIDENCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES

The importance of innovation is well acknowledged in the literature of management. Innovation not only brings competitive advantages to organizations but also, along with science and technology, is the essential assets of nations seeking to secure economic competitiveness with the entrepreneurship sphere. The purposes of this study were to examine and investigate the relationships between cognitive biases, emotions on innovation, share-practiced, trust-based relations, and norms in venture creation with innovation development and entrepreneurial orientation. Survey research was conducted. The study found that such variables as cognitive biases, emotions on innovation, share-practiced, trust-based relations, norms, and innovation development correlated positively with innovation development and entrepreneurial orientation. Results suggested cognitive biases and emotions on innovation as a mechanism that triggers innovation development and that this effect is stronger when they engage in opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Finally, pragmatic implications were discussed on how to utilize these factors to gain competitiveness and sustainability.

Affordances and Common Grounds in Buyer-Seller Interactions

This study examines the interactions between buyers and sellers in the market setting using the common ground theoretical framework. From the existing literature, it is observed that no research work has examined the above subject matter in the Igbo language using the above mentioned theoretical framework. This is the lacuna in the literature that this study intends to address. The specific objective is to explore the interactions between presuppositions, stages of understanding an utterance and reception strategies in buyer-seller interactions during haggling. Ten interactions were recorded and three of them were sampled in this study. The data were analyzed using the common ground theory. The findings of the study reveal that both the seller and buyer often have the generic structure of buyer-seller interactions in their subconscious, which they put into practice when they engage in market discourse. Also, the buyers and sellers update their personal or emergent common ground as they negotiate meaning during interactions. Furthermore, as the result of the common ground shared by the buyer and the seller, they interpret every utterance based on the affordances of a speech event in a market setting where a buyer is under no obligation to buy after haggling nor is the seller obligated to sell. It also discovers that presupposition is at the heart of grounding because at every interactive turn, a speaker believes that the addressee understands his/ her intentions. The researcher recommends further research on the pragmatic implications for the use of multiple codes during buyer-seller interactions in Igbo land.

What Motivates People to Support?: Impacts of Message Valence and Self-Efficacy on Linguistic Features of Response.

This study investigates factors that motivate users of social network sites (SNS) to write responses to support-seeking posts on SNS. In particular, support-seeking message valence and support providers’ efficacy perceptions were examined. An online experiment with 209 participants revealed that participants reported lower support provision efficacy and impression management efficacy when responding to a negative post than a positive post. Message valence and efficacy perceptions impacted word count and emotion words in their responses. Theoretical and pragmatic implications for supportive communication and computer-mediated communication were discussed.

Digital Life Data in the Clinical Whitespace

In our increasingly digital world, aspects of our lives are encoded in the routine interactions we have with technology. Over the past few years, psychologists and technologists have been exploring what possibilities these digital life data might hold for improving mental health and well-being. Here I examine some of the recent advances in this field, particularly in the use of language data; consider the ethical and pragmatic implications of this technology; and examine a few areas where I believe these advances could significantly alter the way in which mental health and well-being are approached. This technology holds special promise for providing information about a patient’s life in between clinical encounters, in the clinical whitespace.

L’ESPRESSIONE DELLA CAUSALITÀ NEL DISCORSO ECONOMICO GIORNALISTICO ROMENO E ITALIANO

The compared approach in this article aims at following and illustrating – based on the analysis of a corpora of texts selected from the Italian and the Romanian economic press – the linguistic means used to express causality in the journalistic economic discourse, the argumentative role of the causal relations, as well as its pragmatic implications in the support of the linguistic acts stated in journalistic economic discourse.