Practical Use Research Articles

EFL Learners' View on the Use of Flip for Oral Practice

Flip, a free video-based app, offers the potential for creating interactive discussion spaces and promoting much-needed oral practice for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This study aimed to discover A1 learners' perceptions of Flip's usability, effectiveness for oral practice, and perceived advantages and disadvantages. Thirty university beginner students voluntarily participated in an online questionnaire comprising closed-ended questions using the Likert scale and open-ended questions aiming for qualitative data. Findings revealed that the app was overwhelmingly well-received by students who found it easy to use, practical, dynamic, and useful for oral practice. Cited advantages included utility, accessibility, and the ability to view and learn from classmates' videos. A few disadvantages were also mentioned, such as the need for a steady internet connection and some anxiety about sharing videos publicly. The study concluded that learners hold a positive view of Flip Flip and that it should be more widely utilized by English teachers in their classrooms, given its potential for facilitating oral practice and interactive discussions among EFL students.

Cleaning up Los Angeles: The construction and non-resolution of a sanitation infrastructure crisis

Focusing specifically on sanitation services in Los Angeles (LA) City, I examine (1) how various stakeholders socially construct and mobilise around breakdowns in public infrastructure and (2) how technology is used, both practically and politically, to address breakdowns. Through an archival analysis of six years of LA City Council documents and proceedings, supplemented by interviews with four key informants, I demonstrate how, in 2014 Los Angeles, media and political actors constructed a perceived crisis in trash services. In responding to claims of inadequate and biassed services, City sanitation officials blamed technological glitches and deceptive data. To address the crisis, the sanitation department developed a database to track neighbourhood cleanliness and strategically deploy sanitation workers to the areas most in need. Despite local politicians’ and sanitation officials’ presentation of technological innovation as a panacea, the database had little effect and was deactivated after three years. The failure of the database is attributed to two dynamics: first, inverted development wherein LASAN prematurely developed and deployed digital technology before a strong analogue foundation had been established to make the technology functional and efficient; and second, LASAN utilised the cleanliness indexing database as a form of mediatised stopgap technology. Although the database ultimately proved to be of little practical use, LASAN’s public relations strategy around the database effectively intervened in a political crisis and reinforced the agency’s power.

Valuation of Currency Options with Stochastic Interest Rates and Uncertain Exchange Rate

There are numerous currency models, but only a few are suitable for practical use. The Liu-Chen-Ralescu (L-C-R) model, proposed by Liu, Chen, and Ralescu, is one of them, where the exchange rate abides by an uncertain differential equation. However, the model treats interest rates as constants, which is unrealistic given the fluctuations in financial markets caused by various human-caused or natural disasters. Our preliminary intention was to explore a model that incorporates additional parameters such as log drift, log diffusion, and variance of the observed data. We discovered a new currency model, referred to as the X-W model, which was proposed by Xiao Wang in his 2019 research article. He proposed that an uncertain differential equation governs the exchange rate, while stochastic differential equations govern both domestic and foreign interest rates. Since the X-W model considers various circumstances and calculates more parameters, the option prices are assumed to be higher. We find the call and put currency option prices for the X-W model using Euler’s method and trapezoidal rule in this article and then the option prices have been compared with the currency option prices obtained from the L-C-R model. Finally, we present some numerical and graphical results for both models using MATLAB coding for better observation. We were successful in finding our expected results and can finally conclude that the X-W model is a better fit for the real market. J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 44.2 (2024) 065–076

An asymptotically optimal two-sample instrumental variables estimation using many instruments

AbstractWe investigate the statistical estimation of the coefficients in a linear structural equation within a simultaneous equation system, utilizing two-sample data and a large number of instrumental variables. Specifically, we derive the asymptotic properties of the two-sample least variance ratio (2SLVR) estimator, an extension of the limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) estimator designed for one-sample contexts, in the two-sample setting with numerous instruments. It is well-documented that the one-sample two-stage least squares (TSLS) estimator and the generalized method of moments (GMM) suffer from non-negligible bias. Despite their widespread practical use, these methods often lose consistency when a large number of instruments are employed. In contrast, our findings demonstrate that the variance–covariance matrix of the limiting distribution of the 2SLVR estimator and its modifications frequently achieve the asymptotic lower bound, even when the disturbance terms deviate from a normal distribution. The results of this study hold significant potential for applications in econometrics and biometrics, particularly in contexts such as Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses using DNA data.

Efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Fusarium solani and mycorrhizal inoculation for biological control of Fusarium wilt in tomato

The present study investigates the characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Fusarium solani and their impact on tomato seed germination, plant growth, and disease resistance. A visible color change from yellow to dark smoky indicated the formation of AgNPs, while UV-visible spectrophotometry revealed an absorbance peak at 437 nm, confirming their presence. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the AgNPs ranged from 0 to 39.27 nm in size, with an average height of 5.772 nm, while scanning electron microscopy highlighted their diverse surface morphology. The application of AgNPs and mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved tomato seed germination rates, plant height, and dry weight compared to untreated plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum. The germination rate increased to 81.15% with mycorrhizal fungi and 80.02% with AgNPs treatment alone, compared to 35.63% in infected plants. Plant height also increased, reaching 17.95 cm in mycorrhiza-treated plants and 17.08 cm in those treated with AgNPs. Furthermore, the dry weight and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in treated plants, with mycorrhizal-inoculated plants showing a dry weight of 0.63 g and a chlorophyll content of 28.53 mg/g. AgNP treatment similarly enhanced these parameters infection severity of F. oxysporum was reduced, with the lowest rate observed in plants receiving both AgNPs and mycorrhizal treatments. These results indicate that AgNPs and mycorrhizal fungi offer effective protection against fungal pathogens while promoting overall plant health, highlighting their potential for use in sustainable agricultural practices.

Me and AAC - Alternative and Augmented Communication in West Germany from a Biographical and Media Archaeological Perspective

The article presents a case study on the history of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) in West Germany from the 1980s to the early 2000s, with a regional focus on the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The conceptual framework guiding this study is the question of how the meaning and individual experience of assistance evolve in conjunction with the technical development and practical use of speech computers. The article sheds light on the interplay between historical contingency and individual socio-technical situatedness of disabled AAC-users. It brings together two disciplinary perspectives in a dialogue based on interviews, published primary sources, and the description of historical hardware and software. Biographical narratives of AAC users in NRW are combined with a media archaeological case study of the institutional and technological formations and developments of AAC in the region. We discuss assistive technologies as a historically variable phenomenon. Assistance is a precarious undertaking that is constantly renegotiated by new technological developments. Each stage of assistive technology has consequences for everyday communication practices and the provision of communicative assistance, creating possibilities and impossibilities for the use of technology. For AAC users, this means that they find themselves in specific constellations that affect both their relationship with the device and their subjective preferences and established routines. We argue that so-called assistive technologies are involved in the co-constitution of disability, and therefore suggest referring to them as ‘assistive media.’

Malnutrition Diagnosed via Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Criteria - Association with Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Value: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.

Malnutrition is very common in people with cancer. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recommendation on criteria has been proposed as a gold standard for diagnosing malnutrition. The diagnosis of malnutrition includes phenotypic criteria such as unintentional weight loss and etiologic criteria such as reduced food intake. The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence on the GLIM-defined malnutrition association with clinical outcomes and its predictive value. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases. A total of 6 systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis were identified and included for analysis. Five were systematic reviews with meta-analyses and 1 systematic review without meta-analysis. GLIM-defined malnutrition is associated with decreased survival, disease-free survival, increased post-operative complications, increased overall complications, and prolonged length of stay. It has predictive value for worsening clinical outcomes. The results support the use of GLIM criteria and indicate their predictive value for clinical outcomes. There is robust evidence indicating the association and predictive value of GLIM-defined malnutrition for clinical outcomes in people with cancer to recommend its use in clinical practice. Thus, the GLIM criteria depend on prior screening tools used and the consistency of muscle mass assessment. Nutrition care is a fundamental aspect of cancer nursing practice and nurses need to be aware of the signs of malnutrition. The GLIM criteria are relevant to be used also in cancer nursing practice for the early detection of malnutrition among people with cancer.

Hierarchical Porous Microspheres-Assisted Serum Metabolic Profile for the Early Diagnosis and Surveillance of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

With the aging global population, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) is increasing, putting more individuals at risk. Since postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) often remains asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, making the early clinical diagnosis of PMOP particularly challenging. In this work, the AuNPs-anchored hierarchical porous ZrO2 microspheres (Au/HPZOMs) is designed to assist laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) for the requirement of serum metabolic fingerprints of PMOP, postmenopausal osteopenia (PMON), and healthy controls (HC) and realize the early diagnosis and surveillance of PMOP. With its large surface area, suitable surface roughness, and enhanced UV absorbance, the LDI efficiency of Au/HPZOMs is significantly enhanced. Combining machine learning, PMOP and non-PMOP (HC and PMON) are clearly distinguished with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves reaching up to 1.000. Furthermore, seven key m/z features are identified, facilitating the specific detection of PMON and two stages of PMOP. The precision of distinguishing PMON and PMOP at different stages based on these features exceeds 86.5% in both the training and validation sets, aiding in the early diagnosis and monitoring of PMOP. This work sheds light on the metabolic profile for large-scale screening, early detection, and monitoring of PMOP, which will promote the application of fluid metabolism-driven precision medicine into practical clinical use.

Metabolic Mode of Alginate-Encapsulated Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Background for Storage at Ambient Temperature.

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive for both medical practice and biomedical research. Nonfreezing short-term storage may provide safe and simple transportation and promote the practical use of MSCs. Objectives: We aimed to determine the duration of efficient storage at ambient temperature (22°C) of human dermal MSCs in different three-dimensional organization and to investigate the role of cell metabolic mode in the resistance to the ambient storage damaging factors. Methods: MSCs in monolayer, suspension, and encapsulated in alginate microspheres (AMS) were stored in sealed containers at 22°С in culture medium. Viability (fluorescein diacetate /ethidium bromide) and metabolic activity (Alamar Blue assay) were assessed at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days of the storage. Mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 test), cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species level, and resistance to hydrogen peroxide were analyzed under culture conditions. Results: Alginate encapsulation was shown to maintain viability (about 85%), metabolic activity, and adhesion ability during storage for 7 days. The storage of MSCs in both monolayer and suspension was less efficient. Culture of MSCs in AMS decreased basal metabolic activity, mitochondrial activity, and led to reversible cell cycle arrest compared to standard two-dimensional culture. MSCs in AMS have a lower basal level of reactive oxygen species and higher resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared with those in monolayer culture. Conclusion: Revealed shift into quiescent metabolic mode is essential for alginate-encapsulated MSCs resistance to storage at ambient temperature.

STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ALKYD OLIGOMERS MODIFIED WITH AMINO URETHANE ACRYLATE COMPOUNDS BASED ON SOYBEAN OIL

The aim of the work is to modify existing paints and varnishes based on alkyd varnish (PF-170) and to create new film formers using functionalized oligomers to improve the properties of materials during their operation. In order to obtain new polymer materials, a method of synthesizing a modifier - an oligomeric amino urethane acrylate compound was developed, the synthesis of which was carried out in several stages with the preparation of aminourethane carbonate of soybean oil with the formation of urethane groups by the non-isocyanate method and the subsequent addition of a methacrylate oligomer. The reaction was monitored by the method of IR spectroscopy by the decrease in the intensity of the absorption band of the cyclocarbonate group (1803 cm–1), the formation of the absorption band of the urethane group (1698 cm-1), the redistribution of hydroxyl and amine groups, and was further evaluated by the disappearance of the absorption band of epoxy groups (909 cm–1) and the detection of the C=C absorption band (1638 cm–1). By adding the synthesized oligomer to an alkyd varnish, a new film-forming system was obtained for the formation of coatings by oxidative polymerization in air. The optimal concentration of the modifier is (5–7) % of its content. These materials are characterized by high viability, homogeneity, and make it possible to obtain transparent high-quality coatings with high physical and mechanical characteristics. The developed composite materials based on modified varnish can be recommended for practical use in various technologies for the production of coatings, alkyd varnishes, and paints, which are characterized by an appropriate set of physical and mechanical properties.

Raman scattering from silicon resonant Mie-voids

The influence of Mie resonances on optical scattering processes is one of the key aspects in nanophotonics. This work is devoted to the study of Raman scattering from silicon resonant Mievoids. The enhancement of the Raman scattering signal associated with the presence of multipole resonances in these structures is experimentally shown. The results demonstrate the dependence of the optical characteristics on the geometry of the samples and confirm the potential of using Mievoids in modern nanophotonic devices. The results of numerical simulation performed by the finite element method are in good agreement with the experimental reflectance spectra and help to understand the distribution of electromagnetic fields inside the nanocavities. This study opens up new possibilities for the practical use of these nanostructures in Raman spectroscopy and the development of high-precision optical devices.

A Unified Topological Representation for Robotic Fleets in Agricultural Applications

ABSTRACTAgricultural robots offer a viable solution to the critical challenges of productivity and sustainability of modern agriculture. The widespread deployment of agricultural robotic fleets, however, is still hindered by the overall system's complexity, requiring the integration of several nontrivial components for the operation of each robot but also the orchestration of robots working with each other and human workers. This paper proposes a topological map as the unifying representation and computational model to facilitate the smooth deployment of robotic fleets in agriculture. This topological abstraction of the system state (probabilistic estimates of the functional states and locations of the agents in the environment abstracted to the topological map representations—e.g., human picker at a node and robot traversing on edge ) results in an efficient representation of large‐scale environments (in many hectares), but also offers the scalable and efficient operation of the entire fleet and allows for ex situ modeling and analysis of operations. The practical use of the proposed framework is demonstrated in a horticultural use case with a fleet of robots supporting the work of human fruit pickers. The critical components of the system are analyzed and evaluated in deployment in both realistic digital twin and real‐life soft fruit farms of different scales, demonstrating the scalability and effectiveness of the proposed framework. The presented framework is general and should be easy to adopt in other multirobot/multihuman scenarios, such as warehouse logistics, cleaning, and maintenance of public spaces.

Practical use of Seebeck and Pelter effects (Review)

The subject of research is industrial and household equipment and devices, the principle of operation of which is based on such thermoelectric phenomena as the Seebeck and Peltier effects. The purpose of the research is a critical analysis of the fields of practical application of the Peltier and Seebeck effects, as well as the constructive and technological design of the processes in which the specified effects are implemented to ensure a certain thermal regime, as well as the generation of electrical energy from waste heat. One of the main problems of today is global warming, environmental pollution and the increase in the cost of electricity. These problems can be partially solved with the help of thermoelectric phenomena, that is, physical phenomena caused by the relationship between electric current and heat flows in substances and contacts between them, which primarily include the Peltier and Seebeck effects. The indisputable advantages of thermoelectric means are their environmental safety, quiet operation and long service life. Seebeck and Peltier effects are used in chemical technology and related industries, renewable energy, construction, machine and instrument engineering, aerospace and military engineering, microelectronics, computer technology, medicine, personal hygiene devices, household appliances, and transportation. However, the low efficiency and the high cost of materials prevent the wide spread of thermoelectric technology. Wider application of thermoelectric technologies can be expected in case of development of new conductive materials with different energy levels of electrons in the conduction zone, as well as optimization of the geometry and structure of thermoelectric devices. Recently, intensive research has also been carried out on the so-called ionic Seebeck effect, which opens up new perspectives in thermoelectric phenomena, as well as the use of "magnetic thermoelectrics", or the spin Seebeck effect. This review can be useful to creators of new equipment and technology, because the fund of technical effects is widely used during the creation of innovative samples, which is an integral part of the information fund of inventors and helps them create simple, effective and bright solutions to technical problems.

Artificial intelligence virtual assistants in primary eye care practice.

To propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual assistant trained on tabular clinical data that can provide decision-making support in primary eye care practice and optometry education programmes. Anonymised clinical data from 1125 complete optometric examinations (2250 eyes; 63% women, 37% men) were used to train different machine learning algorithm models to predict eye examination classification (refractive, binocular vision dysfunction, ocular disorder or any combination of these three options). After modelling, adjustment, mining and preprocessing (one-hot encoding and SMOTE techniques), 75 input (preliminary data, history, oculomotor test and ocular examinations) and three output (refractive, binocular vision status and eye disease) features were defined. The data were split into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. Five machine learning algorithms were trained, and the best algorithms were subjected to fivefold cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1 score and specificity. The random forest algorithm was the best for classifying eye examination results with a performance >95.2% (based on 35 input features from preliminary data and history), to propose a subclassification of ocular disorders with a performance >98.1% (based on 65 features from preliminary data, history and ocular examinations) and to differentiate binocular vision dysfunctions with a performance >99.7% (based on 30 features from preliminary data and oculomotor tests). These models were integrated into a responsive web application, available in three languages, allowing intuitive access to the AI models via conventional clinical terms. An AI-based virtual assistant that performed well in predicting patient classification, eye disorders or binocular vision dysfunction has been developed with potential use in primary eye care practice and education programmes.

Caring remotely through 'fitting': Video consultation use in Danish general practice.

In this study, we examine how Danish general practitioners (GPs) and general practice staff have fitted their use of video consultation to align with their conceptualisations of good care. Political stakeholders are repeatedly encouraging the use of video consultation in the healthcare sector, discursively referring to optimised use of healthcare resources, increased efficiency and flexibility for and geographical equality among patients. By the end of 2024, it will be mandatory for GPs to offer video consultations to patients in Danish general practice. This raises important questions about the implications of video consultation on the care provided in general practice. Our data consists of 30 semi-structured interviews with GPs and 132 hours of fieldwork conducted across seven clinics from August 2021 to August 2022. We analysed the data following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis and inspired by an abductive approach. Drawing on Annemarie Mol's and Jeanette Pols' conceptualisations of care and fitting, we identified common rationalisations articulated and observed in practice that highlight how fitting video consultation into the care provided in a general practice setting can enable (1) optimised use of busy patients' time), (2) optimised use of clinician and clinic resources, (3) enhanced connection of 'harder to reach' patients and (4) better work experiences for GPs and staff. Our findings demonstrate the variety of video consultation use potentials, contributing to our understanding of the implications of video consultation on the provision of care.

Early Childhood Teachers’ Use of Discipline Practices and Social Emotional Supports

Early Childhood Teachers’ Use of Discipline Practices and Social Emotional Supports

Characterization of Andiroba Oil Production (Carapa guianensis AUBL.) Of Riverside Women Communities of Mutuacá Island, Cametá-PA

Objective: This study aimed to understand the importance of andiroba oil production by riverside women of Mutuacá island from the municipality of Cametá-PA in addition to describe the oil production steps. Theoretical Framework: Extractive process was understood as first form of economic exploitation, limiting the collection of products existing in nature, with low productivity mainly in off-season of product, the need to rationalization and source in income for traditional populations of the riverside areas. Method: The construction and production of information and data methodology adopted was qualitative and quantitative research modality. Data collection was conducted by participant observation and open-ended interviews. It was possible to identify and describe the artisanal extraction of andiroba oil process and its importance in the riverside women´s lives. The research included on 26 women extractivists participation who worked in the collection and processing of seeds. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that age range of extractivists varied within the 21 to 60 years old, that in all production stages, female gender stands out considerably and that the peak of seed fall occurs in December month, the rainiest time of the year, when the açaí fruit harvest is ending. Research Implications: The research stands out that women extractivists have taken the role over main character in andiroba oil production, which involves on female empowerment, good seed processing practices and financial management. Originality/Value: This study contributes to use of good management practices to facilitate licensing, certification and improvement of quality seals, making the product and by-products more valued, thus guaranteeing financial resources for the sustenance of riverside families.

Mapping Turbidity Spatial Distribution of Monobe River in Kochi, Japan, Using Satellite Images and Existing Turbidity Data

ABSTRACTMaintaining the environment and functionality of rivers is crucial for the natural environment and socioeconomic activities. In Kochi Prefecture, field measurements of turbidity have been conducted to contribute to countermeasures against prolonged turbid water in the Monobe River; however, a detailed understanding of turbidity across the river has not yet been achieved. Therefore, we attempted to propose a simple turbidity estimation equation based on satellite remote sensing using existing data and visualized the spatial distribution of turbidity in the Monobe River. For turbidity of over 50 FTU, the mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the proposed turbidity estimation equation were 9.9 FTU and 8%, respectively, showing higher accuracy than previous studies, while the accuracy in turbidity of under 50 FTU was not improved for practical use (MAPE was over 49%). By applying the turbidity estimation equation to satellite images, the spatial distribution of turbidity was visualized from the estuary of the Monobe River upstream to the Nagase Dam. The results were consistent with known findings on turbidity dynamics, such as decreasing turbidity in a straight section and increasing it in a curved section, and the spatial distribution of turbidity was considered to be reasonably estimated. The visualization also revealed cases in which turbidity fluctuated greatly in sections where field measurements were not conducted (e.g., increases or decreases in turbidity due to river morphology). In the future, it is expected that the turbidity estimation based on satellite remote sensing will be used in combination with the conventional field measurement of turbidity to understand and analyze the detailed situation of turbidity occurrence in the Monobe River.

Sustainability in Solid Waste Management to Reduce Environmental Impact and Improve Resource Efficiency

Solid waste management is essential for promoting environmental sustainability, public health, and resource conservation. This paper examines the multifaceted challenges associated with solid waste, including municipal, industrial, and hazardous waste streams. Inefficient waste management practices lead to detrimental impacts on ecosystems, human health, and climate change. A holistic approach is necessary, emphasizing waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and responsible disposal techniques. The project aimed to enhance solid waste management through comprehensive strategies, including awareness campaigns, waste segregation initiatives, and the establishment of treatment facilities. The results showed a notable reduction in waste generation, an increase in recycling rates, and improved waste segregation practices among residents and businesses. Additionally, the project successfully developed enhanced treatment and disposal infrastructure, including composting facilities and engineered landfills, which adhere to environmental safeguards. Significantly, the project incorporated waste-to-energy technologies, demonstrating their potential in reducing landfill volumes while generating valuable energy. A prototype system was developed to convert waste combustion heat into electrical energy, which was then stored in batteries for practical use, illustrating the feasibility of small-scale energy recovery from waste. Challenges encountered, such as community resistance and logistical issues, highlight the importance of continuous engagement and collaboration among stakeholders. The findings underscore the necessity of robust policies and community involvement in implementing sustainable WM practices. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of effective solid waste management strategies and their role in achieving environmental sustainability and resource recovery, offering valuable insights for communities seeking to improve their waste management systems.

Properties evaluation of terrazzo tiles produced for external use using a fine aggregate from a domestic waste incineration plant

The increasing amount of incineration ash raised significant environmental concerns, particularly regardingwaste disposal and pollution. To address these issues and promote sustainable development, this study explored the production of terrazzo tiles using a fine aggregate of waste incineration bottom ash (WIBA) and aternary binder of cement, fly ash, and hydrated lime. The findings revealed that the substitution of cement withhydrated lime at an optimal level (i.e., 1% by weight) enhanced the flexural and compressive strengths whilereducing the surface water absorption of the terrazzo tiles. The surface abrasion resistance remained relativelyunchanged due to the consistent use of the same surface material across samples. Observation of scanningelectron microscope images further confirmed the obtained engineering properties of the terrazzo tiles. As aresult, the terrazzo tiles met the Vietnamese National standard requirements for external use, further indicatingtheir suitability for various applications in construction. This study found that the terrazzo tiles produced usinga mixture of 13% cement, 1% hydrated lime, 10% fly ash, and 76% WIBA earned the lowest surface waterabsorption of 2.56% and the highest flexural and compressive strengths of 3.86 and 21.37 MPa, respectively.Whereas, the surface abrasion of the sample was recorded at 0.241 g/cm2, making it an optimal choice for practical use in construction.