Accommodation Practices Research Articles

‘The Shipwreck of the Turks’: Sovereignty, Barbarism and Civilization in the Legal Order of the Eighteenth-Century Mediterranean

Abstract This article focuses on the consequences of a single major international affair — the shipwreck of a French ship carrying 165 Muslim pilgrims along the southern shores of Sicily in 1716 — to address two pivotal issues in the reordering of eighteenth-­century legal and political systems: the limits of domestic sovereignty in absolutist states and the status of non-Christian polities in the theory and practice of the law of nations. Both the time and place of this episode, which had a vast resonance at the time, have broad implications for how we write about the development of modern international law. While much of the debate on the maritime dimension of the eighteenth-century law of nations focuses on the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, we spotlight the Mediterranean, where endemic corsairing activities coexisted with age-old diplomatic and day-to-day practices of accommodation and mutual recognition between Christian and Muslim polities. Here we draw attention to shipwrecks that occurred in foreign territorial waters and their heuristic potential for better understanding controversial issues of maritime law, such as the status of shorelines, neutrality and the law of the flag. Even after the Peace of Utrecht (1713–15), which is often regarded as a watershed moment in the history of international law, these rules were far from settled and shipwrecks continued to fuel legal and philosophical battles that extended well beyond the confines of the famous controversy between supporters of mare liberum and advocates of mare clausum. The close examination of the 1716 shipwreck leads us to challenge the land/sea divide as constructed by Carl Schmitt and demonstrate that territorial waters were objects of sovereign disputes in much the same way as land territories. We also show how the emerging Eurocentric discourse about the ‘barbarity’ of non-Christian peoples and nations coexisted with intellectual, economic and diplomatic forces interested in establishing formal agreements between Western European nations, the Ottoman Empire and its North African provinces.

“We can’t demand anything:” Migrants’ practices of accommodation and urban incorporation in an autoconstructed settlement in Santiago, Chile

Migrant populations globally are often subjected to explicit forms of housing discrimination based on their race, nationality, migration status, and social class. In Chile, due to the dramatic increase in rent prices and a worsening housing crisis, migrants have turned to autoconstructing their own houses in campamentos (squatter settlements) in recent years. Drawing on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork, we show that the campamentos autoconstructed by immigrants have turned into new spaces of sociality, inclusion, and the emergence of new forms of citizenship. Unlike most of the anthropological literature on autoconstruction processes, we do not focus on how the symbolic and material production of the city frame poor people's involvement in social movements for housing. Rather, we show how, by self-building their houses and neighborhoods, immigrants produce a specific form of political subjectivity based on an ethics of civility and individual accommodation. Furthermore, we highlight the paradoxes that emerge between, on the one hand, their discursive emphasis on individual strategies to achieve legitimate citizenship and urban social inclusion and, on the other hand, their actual participation in collective life in the settlement, as well as a sense of shared norms and common morality. In doing so, we argue that this tension emerges from the need to defend their right to urban social inclusion as inhabitants who see themselves as embodying and enacting stigmatized forms of city-making and urban incorporation.

Navigating the spectrum of service in hospitality: hotel employees’ experiences toward guests with disabilities

ABSTRACT The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the experiences and challenges hotel employees face when interacting with guests with disabilities. The findings of this study, derived from data collected using Reddit’s Application Programming Interface, are not just significant but crucial and timely. Using Structural Topic Modelling and quadrant analysis, 12 topics emerged, each stratified based on topic frequency and sentiment scores. These topics delve into the daily interactions of hotel employees, the emotional and practical challenges they face, and the critical issues within the hotel industry, including disability accommodation, the role of service animals, and the complexities of reservation systems in accommodating special needs. This study also sheds light on the emotional toll accommodating guests with special needs entails on employees, emphasising the urgent need for better training and clear policies to support employees and guests with disabilities. The findings suggest that service interactions can be significantly improved by enhancing disability awareness and accommodation practices.

The adequacy of workplace accommodation and the incidence of permanent employment separations after a disabling work injury or illness.

This study aimed to estimate the influence of the adequacy of employer accommodations of health impairments in predicting permanent separation from the employment relationship in a cohort of workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness. The study used data from a retrospective, observational cohort of 1793 Ontario workers who participated in an interviewer-administered survey 18 months following a disabling injury or illness. The relative risks (RR) of a permanent employment separation associated with inadequate employer accommodations were estimated using inverse probability of treatment weights to reduce confounding. Over the 18-month follow-up, the incidence of permanent separation was 30.1/100, with 49.2% of separations related to health status. Approximately 51% of participants experiencing a separation were exposed to inadequate workplace accommodations, compared to 27% of participants in continuing employment. The propensity score adjusted RR of a health-related separation associated with inadequate accommodation was substantial [RR 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.20-3.73], greater than the RR of separations not related to health (RR 1.68; 95% CI 1.38-2.21). Incidence of permanent separation in this cohort of Ontario labor force participants was approximately two times more frequent than would be expected. The adequacy of employer accommodation was a strong determinant of the risk of permanent separation. These findings emphasize the potential for strengthened workplace accommodation practices in this setting.

Feeding time(s): Patient urgence and the careful temporalities of antimicrobial resistance

This paper seeks to understand how caring for new-born livestock is made possible, which practices of care are privileged and to what effect? These aims are situated in attempts to promote the prudent use of antibiotics amongst livestock farmers to prevent antimicrobial resistance. In focusing on the rearing of new-born calves on dairy and beef farms in England and Wales, the paper reveals how care is configured by different temporal orders, the tensions between different temporalities of care, the reasons for them and the strategies employed by calf rearers to manage these tensions. Drawing on the concept of the ‘timescape’, the paper shows how calf care temporalities are relationally enacted and configured by materials, infrastructures and technologies. Common (productivist) agricultural temporalities of care emphasise speed, urgency and efficiency. However, by analysing the practice of feeding colostrum and ‘tubing’ – the forced feeding of calves via a tube inserted into the oesophagus – we highlight how these rapid caring temporalities conflict with the slower, patient skills of calf rearing. At the same time, however, we show how care is rendered fluid as calf rearers find ways of accommodating seemingly discordant temporalities – what we call ‘patient urgence’ – allowing different temporalities to co-exist within agricultural timescapes. Nevertheless, we show how these practices of accommodation are themselves the result of a productivist temporal order that marginalises calves and calf rearers. We argue that these timescapes point to the need for broader structural and cultural changes within agriculture to reduce the use of antibiotics.

The gap between research and practice revisited: Accommodation practices amid the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Previous research suggests that there is a demonstrated need to provide instructional and assessment accommodations for students with special needs in Canada and worldwide. Therefore, we conducted nine semi-structured interviews to better understand how Canadian elementary special education teachers’ perceived understanding of accommodations affected their practices before the COVID-19 pandemic, during school closures, and after school reopened in the province of Saskatchewan. Our interview data show that teachers’ perceptions of accommodations did not align with research and theory. Elementary teachers tended to utilize groupwise strategies for students with special needs. Overall, teachers’ perceptions and practices of accommodations remained constant prior to school closures and after school reopened, excepting some practices that were changed due to the COVID-19 safety protocols.

Impact of green marketing on peer-to-peer accommodation platform users’ repurchase intention and positive word-of-mouth: mediation of trust and consumer identification

PurposeThis study aims to testify the effects of green marketing on peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation consumers’ repurchase intention and positive word-of-mouth (WOM) towards P2P accommodation platforms through the mediation of trust and consumer identification.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was applied to collect data from a sample of 488 consumers in China who had used P2P accommodation platforms in the past six months. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe study found that consumers’ perception of green marketing orientation of P2P accommodation platforms significantly increased consumer trust in the platform and consumer identification with the platform, which in turn each positively influenced repurchase intention and positive WOM to the platform. Furthermore, consumer trust had a positive effect on consumer identification and both trust and identification mediated the relationship between green marketing and repurchase intention and that between green marketing and positive WOM.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide P2P accommodation platform operators with important insights to apply green marketing and focus on consumer trust and identification in sustaining their business and coping with the intense market competition.Originality/valueThis study contributes to better understanding of the impact of green business practices on consumers in sharing economy and offers practical implications on sustainable P2P accommodation practices.

Professional practice placement as a unique challenge for students with disabilities in health and human service educational programmes

ABSTRACT Students with disabilities face barriers to full participation in Health and Human Service (HHS) programmes. Few studies have focused on students’ experiences in practice placements, an aspect of HHS programmes which yield unique barriers. This study aimed to understand the barriers that disabled students in HHS programmes experience during practice placements and their perspective of how to better support and accommodate them. Disabled students from 12 HHS programmes at a Canadian university and 14 Canadian occupational therapy programmes were invited to participate in a survey about their placement experiences. Eighty-two students responded to the survey. Of these, eleven volunteered to engage in follow up interviews. Results showed that students with disabilities are navigating accommodation practices that frequently lack communication, clarity, ease of use and are structured in ways that are less conducive to ever-changing practice environments. Students expressed relying on relationships with practice educators and placement coordinators to facilitate their accommodations. However, negative attitudes and stigma complicate these processes. Collaboration across HHS programmes is needed to develop clear and effective placement accommodation procedures. Those who support disabled students in placement should receive education on supporting students with disabilities and legal obligations of accommodation. Students may benefit from advocacy and disclosure skill education.

The Girl in the Bubble: An Essay on Containment

In this essay, we offer a prehistory of contemporary bubbles used in the mitigation of viruses, told through the late 1980s case of Eliana Martínez, an HIV-positive (HIV+) and developmentally disabled Puerto Rican child who was ordered to be confined to a glass chamber within her Florida classroom. Eliana’s mother, Rosa, challenged the use of this chamber as a reasonable disability accommodation in a high-profile lawsuit. We draw on disability studies, critical access studies, and a postcolonial critique to put forward a theory of the bubble as a “structure-within-a-structure”—a zone of limited, restricted, or filtered interaction with the broader social world. Eliana’s bubble demonstrates how institutional practices of accommodation can easily transform into techniques of containment, sanctioned to manage the “infectious subject” within institutions and systems. The bubble is a gathering of social forces and bodily relations. In Eliana’s case, it gathers the necropolitical arrangements of different populations, the coloniality of Puerto Rico, the innocence of childhood, the fatality of an AIDS diagnosis, and the politics of design and disability.

Beyond step counts: Including wear time in prosthesis use assessment for lower-limb amputation.

The purpose of this study was to test a novel activity monitor that tracks the time a prosthesis is worn, and the nature of the ambulatory activity conducted with the prosthesis. These capabilities allow prosthesis users' wear and accommodation practices (e.g., temporary doffing) to be monitored, and the intensity of their activities to be assessed. A portable limb-socket motion sensing system was used to monitor doffs, walk bouts (≥5 steps), low locomotion (2-4 steps), stationary positions, and weight shifts in a group of transtibial prosthesis users. The relationship between doff time and active motion time was investigated, and durations of low and high intensity active motions were compared. For the 14 participants tested, the median prosthesis day duration ranged from 12.8-18.8h. Eleven participants typically doffed five or fewer times per day, and three participants typically doffed 10 or more times per day. Nine participants demonstrated a positive correlation between daily doff duration and active motion duration. Six participants spent more time in weight shifts than walk bouts, while eight participants spent more time in walk bouts than weight shifts. Capturing don time and temporary doffs and distinguishing weight shifts from walks may provide insight relevant to patient care. Longer-term monitoring studies should be conducted, and the clinical utility of the data evaluated.

Resisting Ableism in School-Based Speech-Language Therapy: An Invitation to Change.

Resisting Ableism in School-Based Speech-Language Therapy: An Invitation to Change.

'Pooped in my yard and ate my grass last night': Wild burros and tales of belonging in Riverside County, California

Riverside County, California is home to several hundred free-roaming burros (donkeys) who frequent the open spaces surrounding and between the cities of Riverside, Moreno Valley, Loma Linda, and Redlands, as well as the public parks, private properties, residential developments and roadsides in these towns. Tales of more-than-human belonging (and not-belonging) in Riverside County render visible how multispecies places are mediated by infrastructures of consumption and infrastructures of reciprocity. Where infrastructures of consumption generate callousness, infrastructures of reciprocity sustain responsibility. We investigate these dynamics by tracing how two geographically close but infrastructurally distinctive spaces frequented by the area’s wild burros are storied. The semi-rural Reche Canyon Road connects California Highway 60 and the City of Moreno Valley to Riverside and San Bernardino County communities to the north. Burros who inhabit the canyon as their home range must contend with automobiles traveling at highway speeds and are frequently injured or killed there. The road’s design makes neither space nor time for the burros. In this setting, interspecies relationalities are embedded in, and curtailed by, the mundane violence of “roadkill” and its associated narratives of victimhood and tragedy. Infrastructural violence subsides notably in residential neighborhoods of the City of Moreno Valley frequented by the burros. How people and donkeys co-inhabit these neigborhoods is consistent with non-dualist practices of mutual accommodation theorized in multispecies urbanism literature. Here, more reciprocal infrastructures decelerate human and nonhuman animal mobilities, making both space and time for the emergence of more convivial patterns of multispecies cohabitation.

Secondary special education teachers’ experience with accessibility supports and accommodations before and during COVID-19

Abstract While it is recognised that the numbers of students needing accessibility supports and accommodations are increasing exponentially, research on accommodations during the COVID-19 pandemic is still sparse. The purpose of the current study was to explore special education teachers’ accommodation practices at secondary schools before and during the unprecedented time of COVID-19. To better understand the experiences of participating teachers, we engaged seven teachers from a prairie province in Canada with one-on-one online semi-structured interviews. Teachers who offered accommodations to students before COVID-19 used a range of accommodations such as general technologies and assistive technology that fall into major categories of accommodations as defined by research. Evidence from this study indicates that some teachers delivered learning packages to homes or taught online classes during school closures, while some teachers did not. Teachers who taught remotely changed some of their accommodation practices during the school closures because in-person classes were switched to online learning. The implications for professional development are also discussed in this paper.

Safety Practices of Hotel Accommodation Amid the Pandemic in Naval, Biliran

This paper presents the safety practices of hotel accommodation amidst the pandemic in Naval, Biliran. The aim is to evaluate the safety practices of hotel establishments during the Covi-19 pandemic. This paper used a descriptive approach to assess the demographic profile of the respondents such as age, sex; civil status, and work status of the employee, including the social measures they practice. The research design for this study is a quantitative research approach as it is the most appropriate approach to answer the research problem. The research study revealed that in the Safety practices of hotel establishment and Basic protective measures of Hotel establishment majority of the respondents are constantly practicing Reception & Check-in procedures, accommodation, employees, Physical distancing measures, hand cleaning, respiratory hygiene, Ventilation, Air conditioning. Therefore, the study limits the number of bookings and guests to ensure the spreading of COVID-19 in the area as the employee practices social distancing and applies social measures during working time.

Business Models for Sustainable Technology: Strategic Re-Framing and Business Model Schema Change in Internal Corporate Venturing

Established firms often develop new businesses through internal corporate venturing (ICV), for instance, to capture value from novel sustainable technologies. We illuminate the early definition stage of ICV’s by asking: When and how business model schemas—that is, managerial understandings of how value is created and captured— change in ICV? We conduct a qualitative, embedded case study of the change in a business model schema for e-mobility in a Swiss utility’s ICV. We uncover a key trigger: strategic re-framing—the active re-formulation of the definition of a given situation within ICV–top manager interactions. The strategic re-framing’s specificity level provokes either schema restrictions or expansions via the distinct accommodation practices it induces. Our theoretical model of business model schema change contributes to the literatures on managerial cognition, business models, and ICV, suggesting that business model schema change in ICV is a semi-autonomous process that involves both independent and joint endeavors.

The ‘Greenlandization’ of Care: Disability in Postcolonial Greenland, 1950s–1980s

Abstract When the former Danish colony Greenland obtained Home Rule in 1979, becoming an autonomous region within the Danish Realm, it faced the challenge of having to establish a comprehensive social welfare system. This article looks at disability care and its interrelations with post-colonialism and national identity formation, as previous practices of medical care and accommodation in Danish institutions were replaced with local solutions. Frame analysis reveals the outlines of the responsibilities of Danish experts for disabled Greenlanders under colonial rule and during the modernization period until 1979. The transition phase of the early 1980s was a central arena for Greenlandic national discourse wherein care responsibilities in welfare policies, disability care institutions, advocacy organizations and the media were framed and renegotiated. The ‘Greenlandization’ of disability care and the respective shift in responsibilities was a highly uneven process that continued to be suffused with Danish norms and practices.

Heuristics of a hybridization process of management education in Africa: Accommodation practice and risk of “xessalization” of a business school

Heuristics of a hybridization process of management education in Africa: Accommodation practice and risk of “xessalization” of a business school

Policy Direction on the NDIS Housing & Living Supports and Services in Australia

Australia s NDIS housing is recognized as a key element of a high quality of life for people with disability like everyone in their everyday life since the NDIS began on 1 July 2013 with trial sites. The research objectives were explore and discuss current status and opportunities of the NDIS practice standards in relation to specialist disability accommodation design standard (e.g. basic, improved liveability, robust, fully accessible, and high physical support) and disability housing supports and services according to the current legislation and policies under the NDIS rules and practice standards (rights and responsibility for participants; governance and operational management; the provision of supports, and the support provision environment) and SDA rules. The research has identified a number of policy development options for the benefits of information and communication technology (ICT), the need for culturally-based national building codes and types, new accommodation practices for support workers. However, further research is required to assess the provision of smart disability accommodations and caretaker facilities.

Aging in the downtown corridor: Mapping the neighborhood experiences of Seattle's unhoused adults over age 50

Research has established the importance of understanding the dynamic relationship between older adults and the environments in which they are embedded. However, the meaning of place for unhoused older adults amidst an increasingly contested urban landscape is largely unknown. This exploratory study aims to further include unhoused older adults' experiences in the scholarship on aging and place by asking how unhoused adults over age 50 (1) describe their spatial patterns and experiences and (2) negotiate their relationship with common urban places. Through iterative mapping conducted in focus groups and interviews at Seattle senior centers, respondents identified how they interacted with their communities and environment. Using inductive and deductive coding of both textual and geospatial data, thematic analysis indicated that respondents: (1) experienced confinement to the downtown corridor and expulsion from surrounding areas– a phenomenon compounded by physical and subjective aging; (2) created routines amidst geographic and temporal restrictions to maximize comfort and security; (3) attempted to create residential normalcy in public places through adaptive and accommodative practices; and (4) experienced identities shaped by movement through and access to place. Current social, spatial, and political contexts of city living present many challenges for older unhoused adults. Supports that ignore people's identification with the places that are important to them are unlikely to be successful. Findings from this paper call for service, policy, and design strategies that facilitate personal agency and connection to place among unhoused people midlife and beyond.

Accommodations Knowledge and Practice for Students With Visual Impairments

Introduction Classroom accommodations are a primary means of supporting the appropriate education for students with disabilities. Student involvement in the accommodation process is valuable. Therefore, we need to teach students to be knowledgeable and strategic regarding their accommodations. Methods Four high school students with visual impairments were taught the Student Self-Accommodation Strategy (SSA). A comparative case studies approach within a sequential explanatory design was used to investigate their accommodations knowledge and practices. Results Participants improved or maintained accommodations knowledge. Their most-used types of accommodations were access accommodations and accommodations for content support. Three of the participants increased advocacy after strategy instruction. The participants’ accommodation practices were influenced by emotional-behavioral regulation, independence, and teacher involvement. Discussion Findings from this study relate to existing literature on accommodations support, teacher involvement in the accommodations process, instruction in accommodations advocacy, and the relationship between accommodations and emotional-behavioral dysregulation. Implications Findings emphasize the need to be explicit about the accommodations available to students with visual impairments and the need for strategy instruction in the SSA to address emotional-behavioral dysregulation.