Practice Of Plagiarism Research Articles

Perception of College Students in Papua Province on Plagiarism

Plagiarism is serious misconduct for all of the academicians in the world, including Papua, Indonesia. This paper aims at exploring the Papuan students’ perceptions on plagiarism. This paper focused on the students’ knowledge on plagiarism, the students ‘experience in plagiarism, and the strategy to avoid plagiarism. This paper employed a descriptive qualitative design investigating the students’ perception of plagiarism in Fattahul Muluk State Islamic Institute of Papua. The participants of this study were purposively selected from two faculties. There were seven students of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and seven Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business students, and the data were analyzed using discourse analysis. The results revealed that Papuan students’ perception on plagiarism due to three parts; 1) the students knew plagiarism as an act of copyright infringement, plagiarism is a crucial action, plagiarism is the act of copy-paste, plagiarism is an act that causes writers difficulty in developing their writing potential, and plagiarism is an act of theft, 2) The Plagiarism occurred when the students doing an assignment, they have lack understanding about the assignment’s instruction, sometimes reference sources are difficult to access, and the students pressed by the deadline for submission, and 3) The students avoid plagiarism through paraphrase then cite the sources, and used software like Mendeley and plagiarism checker. However, further investigation is necessary to examine the relative contribution of Papuan students ‘perceptions on plagiarism practice.

Academic integrity among medical students and postgraduate trainees in the teaching hospitals of South Punjab Pakistan.

This study investigated the topic of the academic integrity among medical students and postgraduate trainees in the teaching hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 318 medical students and postgraduate trainees of teaching hospitals. The results found that medical students of pre-clinical years engaged in unethical behaviour, that is, exam cheating and plagiarism to cope with internal and external evaluation and the range of subjects needed to be studied. For postgraduate trainees, results showed trainees unintentionally engaged in the practice of plagiarism due to lack of understanding about what constitutes plagiarism, coupled with externally perceived pressures associated with expectations of research publication, promotions and tenured positions. To address these concerns, it is recommended that information literacy sessions for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students on plagiarism prevention and ethical practice be designed and facilitated by medical librarians in collaboration of faculty members.

Questionable Research Practices Among Dentists

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the frequency of mal-practicing in terms of giving and accepting honorary authorships among dentists in private dental colleges of Lahore Method: This descriptive crossectional study was conducted to collect data from dentists working in private dental colleges of Lahore regarding plagiarism practices. Three private dental colleges were targeted from where data of 95 dentists was obtained. Data was collected using questionnaire to assess the questionable research practices. Results: Refusal on data sharing with legitimate colleagues was never practiced by majority of participants (46.1%). Addition of author(s) to a research paper who have not contributed in study was sometimes practiced by majority of participants (27.9%). Majority of participants reported that they occasionally accept honorary authorship for which you did not qualify (26.26%). Majority of participants reported that they never demanded any honorary authorship (48.41%). Refusal to give authorship to the person who had worked in the study was never practiced by majority of participants (62.11%). Majority of participants reported that they never submission without taking consent from other authors of a manuscript or grant application (65.26%). Majority of the participants reported that they never do a submission of single manuscript to more than one journals at one time (56.84%). Conclusion: Among dentist, mal-practicing in terms of collaboration and authorship is quite low as compared to in other health professional education as per literature. Keywords: Dental education, Ethical policies, Honorary authorships

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding plagiarism of postgraduate students in Myanmar

ABSTRACT Information regarding the prevalence of plagiarism and its contributing factors are limited in Myanmar. We aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported plagiarism practices of postgraduate students in Myanmar’s universities and determine the factors associated with plagiarism. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study during 2019–2020. The questionnaire contained: 1) demographics, 2) knowledge on plagiarism, 3) attitudes toward plagiarism, and 4) self-reported plagiarism practices. We calculated attitudes and plagiarism severity scores (PSS). We conducted multiple linear regression analyses and binary logistic regression analyses. A p-value <0.05 denoted statistical significance. We enrolled 217 participants. Of our participants, 37.6% self-reported at least one plagiarism act. The mean attitude score (S.D.) was 62.24 (10.44), (maximum score was 92, higher scores represent disapproval of plagiarism). This attitude score reflects only a moderate attitude toward disapproval of plagiarism. The attitude score was significantly higher for doctoral students (9.2%) than master students (90.8%); p = 0.003; and for participants with publications (13.4%) compared with those without publications (86.6%); p = 0.005. The attitude score was a significant predictor of the PSS. We conclude that there is evidence to suggest that plagiarism represents a significant ethical issue in Myanmar and recommend that Myanmar universities provide training in responsible conduct of research.

Assessment of knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Plagiarism Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students

Background: Scientific misconduct is a key issue in research these days and plagiarism is common practice irrespective of its awareness and consequences. Plagiarism is a theft of others ideas and intellectual property. We aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and practices regarding plagiarism in our postgraduate and undergraduate medical students. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, (PIMS) a constituent health facility under SZABMU, Islamabad. A total of 100 postgraduate and undergraduate students were enrolled in a period of 6 months from October 2018 to January 2019. Primary outcome measure was knowledge of plagiarism and routine practices of research and writing of the students. Data was analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Females were slightly greater in this study, both PG and UG level students were almost equal in numbers. It was noticed that 16.0% students had no knowledge regarding plagiarism. Similarly, one third (32.0%) were continuously practicing plagiarism as they felt that their peers also do so. When demographic and educational background was analyzed according to plagiarism knowledge, there was no statistical differences observed. Conclusion: Knowledge of plagiarism is not up to mark in medical students. Despite their knowledge regarding plagiarism, still one third were found confessing to continue its practice. Keywords: Plagiarism, Scientific misconduct, Intellectual property, Medical students

EFL College Students' Plagiarism: An Assessment of their Undergraduate Research Projects and Perceptions

Owing to vastly increasing practice of plagiarism at university level, it is vital that university teachers understand students’ beliefs about plagiarism and the nature of plagiarism at their institutions. This article investigates senior EFL college students’ perceptions of plagiarism seriousness and reasons for plagiarism via utilizing a questionnaire comprised of two sections. Furthermore, it focuses on assessing the students’ practice of plagiarism in their undergraduate research projects through first using ‘Turnitin’ program to check similarity index percentage, and then manually checking plagiarism types. Face validity of the questionnaire and the inter-rater reliability for manual checking were estimated by SPSS. The current research is restricted to a sample of 53 college students at the English Department of College of Basic Education/ Salahaddin University-Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq for the academic year 2020-2021. Additionally, 29 of their undergraduate research projects were randomly selected for assessment. This study depends on a mixed method approach via adopting both qualitative and quantitative research designs. To achieve the aims of this research based on the collected and analyzed data, the researchers responded to five study questions. Results revealed that there is inconsistency in the similarity index percentage of their research projects. Moreover, not only were the practiced types of plagiarism found, but also the most common type of plagiarism was highlighted in their research projects. In addition, the students viewed some types of plagiarism as more serious ones based on the found mean of each type. Among 27 reasons, 14 reasons were considered as the most common reasons of plagiarism based on the found percentage. Finally, the study offered some recommendations for university teachers on how to improve students’ academic integrity and deter students from committing plagiarism acts in the future.

ANALISIS TINGKAT PLAGIASI DOKUMEN SKRIPSI DENGAN METODE COSINE SIMILARITY DAN PEMBOBOTAN TF-IDF

Plagiarism is the activity of duplicating or imitating the work of others then recognized as his own work without the author's permission or listing the source. Plagiarism or plagiarism is not something that is difficult to do because by using a copy-paste-modify technique in part or all of the document, the document can be said to be the result of plagiarism or duplication.&#x0D; The practice of plagiarism occurs because students are accustomed to taking the writings of others without including the source of origin, even copying in its entirety and exactly the same. Plagiarism practices are mostly carried out by students, especially when completing the final project or thesis&#x0D; One way that can be used to prevent the practice of plagiarism is by doing prevention and detecting. Plagiarism detection uses the concept of similarity or document similarity is one way to detect copy &amp; paste plagiarism and disguised plagiarism. one of the right methods that can be done to detect plagiarism by analyzing the level of document plagiarism using the Cosine Similarity method and the TF-IDF weighting.&#x0D; This research produces an application that is able to process the similarity value of the document to be tested. Hasik testing shows that it is appropriate between manual calculations and implementation of algorithms in the application made. Use of the Literature Library is quite effective in the Stemming process. Calculations that use stemming will have a higher similarity value compared to calculations without stemming methods.

Plagiarism Awareness and Academic Writing Ability: The Relationship with the EFL Students' Plagiarism Practice

Plagiarism is considered as the writing difficulty and has been a topic among researchers in the past ten years. Many studies explored plagiarism perceptions and the reasons behind plagiarism. Some studies also attempted to find an association between the elements that might contribute to plagiarism such as writing skills, language level, studying behavior, etc. However, most of the studies does not include the plagiarism rate or similarity index as one of the research variables. To fill this gap, this study aimed to find out whether there is any relationship between plagiarism awareness and academic writing ability towards the students’ actual plagiarism practice. The 30 respondents are students of the English Department in Mulawarman University who has written an academic paper namely a Mini research proposal. This study design is quantitative-correlational design with a Multiple regression data analysis technique. The study three main findings are; (1) there is no significant relationship between plagiarism awareness and plagiarism rate; (2) there is a significant negative relationship between academic writing ability and plagiarism rate; and (3) there is a simultaneous relationship between plagiarism awareness and academic writing ability with plagiarism rate. Additionally, academic writing ability has more influence on plagiarism rate than plagiarism awareness.

Scrutinizing EFL students' plagiarism practice

The current study was designed to investigate the types of plagiarism that appear in EFL students’ theses at Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Indonesia. It sought to examine the plagiarism level, and investigate the triggering factors encouraging these EFL students of the 2019 batch to plagiarize. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The participants in this study were ten EFL students of the 2019 batch and their theses. The participants were randomly selected. The data collection was carried out using two research instruments, namely document analysis, and interview. The researcher analyzed the student's thesis using Plagiarism Checker X. The results of the document analysis showed that there were two types of plagiarism detected in the student's thesis, namely word for word and mosaic plagiarism. Second, the researcher found that the plagiarism level of the 2019 batch English students' thesis of UIN Ar-Raniry was at the low-level plagiarism category, which can be observed from the result of the similarity index. The level of plagiarism found in these theses was less than 30%, still at an acceptable level as stipulated by the university regulation. Meanwhile, the result of the interview showed that all participants know what plagiarism is and they think that plagiarism is a negative conduct. Several factors influences EFL English students to plagiarize, such as poor time management, laziness, poor paraphrasing skills, affordable internet access, and running out of ideas.

Exploring Muslim Pre-Service Teachers’ Honesty on Cheating and Plagiarism: A Survey in Indonesian Islamic University

Cheating and plagiarism have been crucial issues among students studying either at high school or undergraduate levels. This present study aims to reveal the cheating and plagiarism practices among pre-service teachers in their undergraduate program at one Islamic university in Indonesia. As Muslim teacher candidates, the respondents are urged to uphold academic integrity and honesty. Thus, this study seeks to provide data on how serious the academic ethics immersed in Muslim pre-service teachers. The method implemented for this study was a cross-sectional survey. The respondents were students enrolled in the Faculty of Education, which comprises several departments in the education fields. Results indicate that respondents were recorded as having morally ethical on one aspect of academic integrities, 95% never paid someone else for the exam, 75% never changed answers after the marking process, and 50% declared rarely copy an answer. Yet, there was also a display of less ethical attitude on some other academic behaviors driven by cultural factors. Thus, some teaching implications are highlighted for teachers and students to combat cheating and plagiarism practices among pre-service teachers in Indonesian Islamic universities.

Idea plagiarism detection with recurrent neural networks and vector space model

PurposeNatural languages have a fundamental quality of suppleness that makes it possible to present a single idea in plenty of different ways. This feature is often exploited in the academic world, leading to the theft of work referred to as plagiarism. Many approaches have been put forward to detect such cases based on various text features and grammatical structures of languages. However, there is a huge scope of improvement for detecting intelligent plagiarism.Design/methodology/approachTo realize this, the paper introduces a hybrid model to detect intelligent plagiarism by breaking the entire process into three stages: (1) clustering, (2) vector formulation in each cluster based on semantic roles, normalization and similarity index calculation and (3) Summary generation using encoder-decoder. An effective weighing scheme has been introduced to select terms used to build vectors based on K-means, which is calculated on the synonym set for the said term. If the value calculated in the last stage lies above a predefined threshold, only then the next semantic argument is analyzed. When the similarity score for two documents is beyond the threshold, a short summary for plagiarized documents is created.FindingsExperimental results show that this method is able to detect connotation and concealment used in idea plagiarism besides detecting literal plagiarism.Originality/valueThe proposed model can help academics stay updated by providing summaries of relevant articles. It would eliminate the practice of plagiarism infesting the academic community at an unprecedented pace. The model will also accelerate the process of reviewing academic documents, aiding in the speedy publishing of research articles.

English as second-language students' strategies when reading and writing about literary texts: Some ethical considerations

This study aimed to establish a substantive theoretical explanation from the ground to account for the experiences of some English as a Second Language (ESL) students when they read and subsequently write about literary texts. The target group of this grounded theory study comprised 34 university students enrolled for a degree in education majoring in English language and literature studies. Data were collected using the following procedures: unstructured interviews, structured interviews, focus group interviews and elicited document material. The data were analysed using the constant comparison method so that emerging codes, categories and subsequent themes were constantly saturated by collecting new data from the field. The findings established that some ESL students rely heavily on internet summaries and analyses of set works to mitigate the length of a literary text and the complexity of the language used – a practice that has both positive and negative ramifications. The positive ramifications include the provision of an entry point to a literary text; promotion of active reading by guiding the reading process; facilitation of the reading of long texts, like novels; and charting the landscape of a text. Negatively, the practice promotes a passive reading process, and it may replace the literary text. Reliance on the internet exposes students to the academically unethical practices of plagiarism and patch writing. Conversely, these practices are manifestations of language development among ESL students which can be exploited by lecturers as platforms where students appraise internet analyses of literary texts to render students’ interpretive strategies ethical.

THE USE OF INNOVATIVE TOOLS IN THE EDITORIAL PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS OF UKRAINE

Rapid progress in the field of publishing scientific journals, on the one hand, facilitates all editorial processes, and on the other hand, increases the risks of losing the uniqueness of a scientific article. The growing need of scientific journals for supporting tools that would, on the one hand, protect journal editions from unscrupulous authors who resort to the practice of scientific plagiarism, and on the other hand, instill in authors a sense of responsibility for the texts they send. The purpose is to reveal the problems of using text similarity scanners - plagiarism checking services in the editorial process of scientific journals of Ukraine, to verify by empirical research the theoretical hypothesis about the existence of certain types of practices of academic plagiarism in the Ukrainian scientific environment. Survey of editors of professional editions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine has been conducted using the CAWI method with the help of the Google forms functionality. The sample consisted of 99 experts (editors of category “A” journals – 8%; editors of category “B” journals – 92%), who represented the general population on the basis of “journal category”, which ensured the validity of the results. The opinion of the editors of scientific journals on the use of text similarity scanners in the editorial process has been determined. The most widely used services are Unicheck and Antiplagiat, which, according to respondents, most simply and concretely solve the problem of plagiarism and reuse of text. It has been identified that publishing houses that publish journals with international distribution and those indexed by the scientometric platforms Scopus and WoS (category “A” according to the national classification) mostly use similarity scanners. Publishing houses operating only within Ukraine, the journals of which are not represented in prestigious scientometric platforms, often ignore plagiarism detection software altogether and rely solely on the opinion of reviewers and editors. It is shown that the practice of using text similarity scanners, although entrenched in the Ukrainian scientific and publishing space, is still not widespread enough and does not cover the vast majority of scientific journals that rely only on traditional forms of reviewing scientific texts.

Investigating Predictors of Academic Plagiarism among University Students

Academic plagiarism is increasingly becoming a challenge to academic integrity worldwide, owing to the ease of access to free information online. The aim of this paper was twofold; first, to ascertain the perceptions of transport and logistics management university students regarding academic plagiarism, and second, to determine the predictors of university students’ plagiarism practices. A self-designed structured questionnaire was developed to collect information from the students of their understanding of plagiarism (UP), the plagiarism practices (PP), the understanding of the university plagiarism policy (UPP), the understanding of the departmental plagiarism policy (DPP), the awareness of the university and departmental training workshops (TOP), and the adequacy of the university and departmental training workshops (AOT). Independent t-tests were computed for the differences in plagiarism, based on home language and gender. Also, a one-way ANOVA was computed to test if the year of study, the degree enrolled for, and race, had an impact on plagiarism practices. Lastly, a regression model was computed to determine the impact of the plagiarism predictors on the plagiarism practices. The results of this study revealed high-levels of the understanding of plagiarism, and an awareness of the university and departmental plagiarism policies. However, an analysis of the plagiarism practices revealed moderate levels of plagiarism, indicating a likelihood of intentional plagiarism among students. Two significant predictors of plagiarism practices among university students were identified as; the understanding of plagiarism and the understanding of the university-wide plagiarism policy. University instructors and education managers are informed through the findings of this study that clear plagiarism policies are important in reducing academic dishonesty among students. It is important to continuously train students on what plagiarism entails and how to avoid academic dishonesty.

Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia: University Lecturers’ Views on Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a serious problem in an academic environment because it breaches academic honesty and integrity, copyright law, and publication ethics. This paper aims at revealing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lecturers’ responses in dealing with some factors affecting students’ plagiarism practice in Indonesian Higher Education context. This study employed a qualitative method with case study approach. Eight experienced EFL lecturers were conveniently recruited, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis technique. The results revealed that EFL students perpetrated plagiarisms due to three factors; 1) convenient access to online resources allowed the EFL students to retrieve some information without properly citing the sources, 2) Questionable lecturers’ assessment, and 3) Student has poor academic writing-skills. The plagiarism practices are apparent in the Indonesian educational context, and this may produce other negative consequences, such as academic dishonesty and poor academic writing. However, further investigation is necessary to examine the relative contribution of each factor on students’ plagiarism practice.

Assessing Lecturer’s Understanding of Plagiarism: A Case in Indonesia

Plagiarism, a concept of intellectual property in academic writing, has gained importance during the past few years in Indonesian higher education system. The vague definition and understanding of plagiarism have seemed to induce inconsistent efforts in preventing plagiarism practices in the local tertiary institutions (Akbar and Picard, 2019). This study aims to introduce and describe the step-by-step process in developing an assessment instrument that can measure a university lecturer’s understanding of plagiarism concept. A Rasch’s partial credit model was used in the data analysis to explain the different levels of the hypothesized understanding of plagiarism construct. Not only that the findings can help ones to learn the necessary steps to develop the instrument that upholds standards of reliability and validity, they can also provide good insights for the university authority to set an appropriate training for the lecturers on plagiarism prevention and mitigation as the different levels of these lecturers’ understanding of plagiarism are unpacked and addressed.

Faculty perceptions of student plagiarism and interventions to tackle it: a multiphase mixed-methods study in Qatar

BackgroundThe widespread use of the internet and other digital resources has contributed to the escalation of plagiarism among medical students and students of other healthcare professions. Concerns were raised by faculty at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), a branch of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University in New York, who had been observing plagiarism in students’ assignments.MethodsTo identify the extent of plagiarism practices and their contributing factors, a two-phase mixed-method research study was conducted, comprising a survey administered in 2013, followed by longitudinal interventions, and a second survey in 2017 to measure the impact of the interventions.ResultsBy Phase II, overall observed plagiarism incidents per year decreased from 44 to 28%, and the number of faculty who observed no plagiarism incidents increased significantly from 12 to 37%. The faculty concerned about student plagiarism decreased by 33% [53.1 to 20%] between Phase I and Phase II.ConclusionWhen students are provided with information regarding what constitutes plagiarism and their institution’s policy in response to plagiarism incidents, they are less likely to engage in such practices.

The practice of plagiarism in the Faculty of medicine of Tunis: Attitudes of teacher- researchers

Abstract Background Plagiarism is a cosmopolitan scourge, which might lead to serious consequences. The Faculty of Medicine of Tunis (FMT), involved in the international accreditation process, intends to fight vigorously against plagiarism. From this perspective, the present study was undertaken and aimed to explore the positions and attitudes of FMT's faculty members towards plagiarism and the different factors influencing them. Methods It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among faculty members of the FMT during the academic year 2018-2019 using the validated English version of the 'Attitudes Towards Plagiarism' (ATP) questionnaire distributed online with Google forms. The ATP questionnaire consisted of 29 items divided into three factors: positive attitude, negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism. Results A total of 340 faculty members responded to the questionnaire. Mean scores for positive attitude and subjective norms were 28.8±6.9 and 24.6±4.9 respectively, corresponding to low to moderate scores. The mean score of negative attitude was 22.4±2.6, matching a moderate score. Interpretation of these scores revealed an unfavorable attitude of the faculty members towards plagiarism and the belief that such behavior is associated with social disapproval and rejection. However, the temptation of plagiarism was palpable and self-plagiarism seemed to be tolerated. ATP scores were significantly influenced by age, grade, work experience, supervision, research activities, and English proficiency. Conclusions This study has pointed out the dilemma facing our faculty in its academic anti-plagiarism crusade. On the one hand, it should ensure the commitment of its faculty members and solicit their mobilization to carry on this fight, but on the other it should put in place clear disincentive policies to prevent plagiarism and cheating and apply them in an equal and transparent way between faculty members and students. Key messages This study showed unfavorable attitudes of Tunisian faculty members toward plagiarism. Self-plagiarism seemed to be tolerated.

RABIN-CARP IMPLEMENTATION IN MEASURING SIMALIRITY OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL OF STUDENTS

Plagiarism is the use of data, language and writing without including the original author or source. The place where palgiate practice occurs most often is the academic environment. In the academic world, the most frequently plagiarized thing is scientific work, for example thesis. To minimize the practice of plagiarism, it is not enough to just remind students. Therefore we need a system or application that can help in measuring the level of similarity of student thesis proposals in order to minimize plagiarism practice. In computer science, the Rabin-Karp algorithm can be used in measuring the level of similarity of texts. The Rabin-Karp algorithm is a string matching algorithm that uses a hash function as a comparison between the search string (m) and substrings in text (n). The Rabin-Karp algorithm is a string search algorithm that can work for large data sizes. The test results show that the use of values on k-gram has an effect on the results of the measurement of similarity levels. In addition, it was also found that the use of the value 5 on k-gram was faster in executing than the values 4 and 6.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Plagiarism as Reported by Participants Completing the AuthorAID MOOC on Research Writing.

To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding plagiarism in a large culturally diverse sample of researchers who participated in the AuthorAID MOOC on Research Writing. An online survey was designed and delivered through Google Forms to the participants in the AuthorAID MOOC on Research Writing during April to June 2017. A total of 765 participants completed the survey (response rate 47.8%), and 746 responses were included in the analysis. Almost all participants (97.6%) reported knowledge of the term "plagiarism", and 89.1% of them understand the meaning of the term before joining the course. Most participants reported that their university does not provide access to plagiarism detection software (82.0%), and 35% participants admitted they had been involved in plagiarism during their education. Overall attitudes toward plagiarism (65.3 ± 10.93) indicated low acceptance of plagiarism. Moreover, low scores were reported for approval attitude (25.22 ± 5.63), disapproval attitude (11.78 ± 3.64), and knowledge of subjective norms (20.63 ± 5.22). The most common reason for plagiarizing was lack of time (16.1%), and the most common consequence was the perception that "those who plagiarize are not respected or seen positively" (71.4%). Developing country researchers appear to be familiar with the concept of plagiarism, but knowledge among the participants surveyed here was incomplete. Knowledge about plagiarism and awareness of its harmfulness must be improved, because there is an obvious relationship between attitudes toward plagiarism and knowledge, reasons and consequences. The use of plagiarism-detection software can raise awareness about plagiarism.