Occupational Safety Practices Research Articles

Impact of Occupational Health and Safety Practices on Employee Organizational Citizenship Behavior Due to Covid-19 in the Banking Sector: Turkey Case

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the Covid-19 measures and organizational citizenship behavior that bank employees perceive during the Covid-19 process. The research uses a descriptive scan model. Bank employees are the universe of research. The survey was conducted by 400 people with an easy sampling method. The questionnaire consists of the Personal Information Form, the questions that contain general preparations for the Covid-19 control carried out in the institution, and the organizational citizenship behavior scale. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between banks’ general preparations for Covid-19 control and their perception of organizational citizenship behavior. The acquisition of general preparations for the Covid-19 control by banks positively affects the perception of organizational citizenship behavior of bank employees.

Endüstri 4.0 Sürecinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Uygulamaları

Significant advances are experienced in the area of occupational health and safety (OHS) practices as a result of technological developments and emerging new technics in the Industry 4.0 Process. Innovative production methods and factors such as advances in software and programming, simulation and augmented reality, internet of things, smart production systems, Big Data, cyber-physical systems, which are all along the fundamental elements of the Industry 4.0 process, bring new problems in the area of occupational health and safety. Based on this foresight, the latest developments, problems, challenges, and solutions in the field of OHS are being reviewed and evaluated in this study by utilising the previous literature.

Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dengan Menggunakan Metode Hazard and Operability (Hazop) pada Bengkel Motor

Occupational accidents can occur due to a lack of implementation of occupational health and safety practices and can be caused by many factors such as chemical factors, physical factors, biological factors, ergonomic factors, and psychological factors. A work accident is an unexpected event which is certainly not expected, a work accident that occurs is of course an adverse event in terms of material and light to heavy scale. calculation through existing hazard sources using the likelihood criteria using the L symbol and the severity (consequences) using the C symbol using the risk matrix formula using the risk formula = L.C is the level of risk with medium, high, and extreme and recommendations for improvement are made, such as the use of PPE at extreme risks as well as suggestions for medium and high risks.

Occupational Health and Safety Conditions of Informal Sector Workers in Three Nigerian Cities

Abstract Despite its economic relevance, the informal sector in Nigeria is plagued by occupational health and safety (ohs) anomalies. This study assessed ohs conditions among informal sector workers (isw s) operating in three Nigerian cities (Sokoto, Owerri and Port Harcourt). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 717 isw s. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Logistic regression was used in predicting good ohs practices, based on gender, education level, occupation, health impairments and common health and safety practices. The findings show that many isw s have inadequate water sources and sanitary facilities and poor occupational health and safety practices. The overall model was statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of having good ohs practices. The study concludes that ohs conditions among isw s are poor as a result of insufficient water and sanitation facilities and poor environmental health practices. Improved water and sanitation provision and ohs awareness and education programmes for isw s, in line with their specific occupations and susceptibility to certain kinds of occupational health impairment, are recommended.

Occupational safety practice among metal workers in Bangladesh: a community-level study

BackgroundThe overall information on occupational health and safety (OHS)-related knowledge and workplace practices are scarce in Bangladesh. This study aimed to (i) examine the prevalence of occupational injuries, (ii) explore the level of OHS-related knowledge and practice among workers and associated factors, and (iii) investigate the socioeconomic factors and OHS-related knowledge and practice scores as determinants of injury among metal workers at a community setting in Bangladesh.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted on all the functional metal workshops in a community of a town. The sociodemographic characteristics, history of injury and its consequences, and the state of knowledge and practice were measured using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to measure the association between practice scores and sociodemographic factors and knowledge. Logistic regression was conducted to get the odds ratio of getting injured.ResultsA high annual rate (82.9%) of occupational injuries was documented in a one-year timeframe and the majority (81.1%) of injured workers lost more than three working days (median 20 days). Workers working in workshops with more than three workers were 3.3 times more likely to be injured [AOR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.16, 9.58] compared to the workers in factories with one to three workers. Most of the workers had the basic knowledge related to OHS but the mean practice score was very low, 1.86 (SD 1.17). Higher education, lower monthly family income, and being an owner significantly led to higher practice scores.ConclusionsThe OHS-related knowledge was not properly translated into good workplace practices in small informal metal workshops because of the absence of implementation of OHS policies and monitoring by the relevant authority. Government should support the informal metal working sector to increase awareness and skills for the prevention and proper management of injuries and risks, and to ensure access to safety equipment and a safe environment.

Total Worker Health® and Organizational Behavior Management: Emerging Opportunities for Improving Worker Well-being

ABSTRACT We draw artificial boundaries between our lives at work, at home, and in the community. Each person is living an integrated life where all of their environments (resources, physical environment, psychosocial environment, responsibilities/demands) interact to impact their safety, health, and well-being. Total Worker Health® is an approach developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to address such interactions, and to advance science and practice for protecting workers’ safety, health, and well-being. The Total Worker Health (TWH) approach represents an expansion of traditional occupational safety and health research and practice, with strong safety protections for workers as its foundation. The current paper provides an introduction to TWH, including: (1) Significance, (2) Historical Background, (3) Hierarchy of Controls, (4) Review of TWH Interventions, and (5) Future Opportunities. The reciprocal and interactive perspective of TWH is consistent with Skinnerian and other approaches to behavioral science, as well as organizational systems analysis approaches. With its behavioral and systems analysis roots, and associated historical emphasis on environmental conditions and interventions, the Organizational Behavior Management community can make great and important contributions in the TWH domain.

COVID-19 Pandemic, Occupational Health and Safety Practices Industrial Companies (Case of Jordan)

This study aims to investigate the impact of occupational health and safety practices on the employees performance in joint venture located in the southern industrial development zone in Aqaba. An analytical descriptive sample study approach was used to study three vital joint ventures selected for the study, Aqaba Ports Marine Services Company, Jordan Industrial Ports Company (JIPC) and Jordan Phosphate Mines Co. (JPMC), by designing a study questionnaire to collect data, 338 questionnaires were distributed and 192 answers were retrieved. The data collected was analyzed by the SPSS 20 Program and the results were presented by tables showing the results of the study. Findings revealed that the occupational health and safety variables positively and significantly affect the employee performance, and according to these positive results on employee performance, we recommend the companies to continue and to improve the occupational health and safety practices to ensure better results and a noticeable improvement in employees' performance.

Occupational health and safety related knowledge, attitude and practice among metal workers of Bogura city

Occupational health and safety related knowledge, attitude and practice among metal workers of Bogura city

An Institutional System Proposal for Advanced Occupational Safety and Labor Standards in the Turkish Construction Industry.

The Turkish construction industry is problematic with its inferior occupational safety practices and labor standards. This paper explores the current institutional system's problems and designs a national institutional system to improve labor conditions in the Turkish construction industry. The study applies cause-and-effect analysis, stakeholder analysis, and information flow analysis based on the thematic literature and regulation reviews and the data collected from expert interviews. Findings revealed that the industry represents a drastically problematic context with high rates of occupational accidents, job insecurity, and excessive working time, and the inspection and enforcement system is still immature, calling for additional institutional arrangements to establish a collaborative and sustainable environment. There is a need for a holistic, multi-dimensional, and systematic perspective to develop coordination and inspection mechanisms in the sector. The paper proposes an institution and scorecard design by applying a quality function deployment framework matching needs and systemic functions that can overcome the existing deficiency in labor conditions. The paper contributes to filling the gap in the literature on the multi-dimensional, systematic institutional perspective to develop coordination and inspection mechanisms in the construction industry and proposes an institutional system example that could be adapted to other national contexts.

Assessing the knowledge and practices of occupational safety and health in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector of Ghana: A case of obuasi

It is noted that most developing countries such as Ghana are still grappling with health and safety policies and practices as governments and corporations have made insignificant efforts. This study utilized a questionnaire since it is suitable for both illiterate and literate respondents and allows for the gathering of massive quantities of data in a short space of time. The descriptive statistics, chi-square, likelihood ratio test regression, and correlation were used to assess the occupational safety and health knowledge and practices of employees in the artisanal small-scale gold mine in Obuasi. Although majority of the respondents had less than 5 years of job experience, however about 36% and 19% of the respondents had between 4-10 years and 11–15 years of experience respectively. However, the study further observed that an increase in health and safety practices such as safety training, committee, education, facilities, etc. will increase the level of knowledge of respondents on health and safety policies. The study further revealed that the more health and safety practices, the higher the primary responsibility of site managers to ensure that workers are practicing safety. However, the general working conditions of respondents did not meet acceptable standards as revealed by the observation checklist. The study, therefore, recommends that prime Stakeholders in the ASGM need to consider investing in future research on ASGM safety issues to acquire accurate database on ASGM operations safety.

The Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Practices on the Psychological Contract: A Research in the Cement Sector

Dünyada artan sanayileşme ve teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisiyle yeni risklerin ortaya çıkması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu muhtemel risklerin, işgücü olarak ifade edilen insan faktörü üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi ve işverenler tarafından güvenli ve sağlıklı bir iş ortamı için gerekli koşulların oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu durum çalışanlarda karşılıklılık ilkesine dayanan psikolojik sözleşmenin gereklerinin yerine getirilme algısı yaratacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı çimento endüstrisindeki iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının çalışanların psikolojik sözleşmeleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın verileri Aralık 2017 ve Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında Orta Anadolu bölgesinde faaliyette bulunan çimento üretim tesislerinden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Analize uygun 409 anketten elde edilen bulgular ışığında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları ile işlemsel psikolojik sözleşme boyutu arasında p < .001 düzeyinde negatif (-.17) yönde anlamlı düşük bir ilişki, ilişkisel psikolojik sözleşme boyutuyla ise pozitif (.23) yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

How to Enhance Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Schools: An Analysis Through the Eyes of School Principals

School principals are responsible for occupational health and safety (OHS) issues that may arise, and they play a critical role in ensuring that health and safety procedures in schools.The purpose of this study is to determine how occupational health and safety practices in schools can be improved with reference to the views of school principals. Twenty-one principals from kindergarten, primary, secondary and high schools participated in this qualitative research. The research data were collected via official documents and semi-structured interviews. Document and content analyses were utilized to examine the data. At the end of the research, the findings show that the OHS activities for school administrations are listed under the following headings: 'Occupational health and safety services', 'training and information, 'emergency drills', 'projects and activities, 'chemical waste and zero waste project', 'audit, guidance and supervision activities', 'health observation', 'precautions, measurements, safety and periodic checks', 'notifications', and 'OHS module'. The expectations of school administrations from senior management for the development of OHS practices address budget/financial support; directing the solutions to the school; the appointment of an OHS specialist, health and security personnel; more training, seminars, audit and technical support; cooperation among institutions. However, school administrators are expected to properly follow work.

Occupational Health and Safety Issues among Artisans in the Bibiani Municipality

This study sought to identify and document key issues affecting occupational health and safety among artisans in the informal sector in the Bibiani Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. To realize this objective, a descriptive cross-sectional study using the qualitative approach was employed. This was done after an ethical clearance had been obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Committee and prior consent was sought from all participants and managers of the study sites. A total of fifteen artisans participated in the study. The artisans spanned three major categories namely: fabrication, construction, and auto mechanic. A semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain responses from the participants through in-depth interviews. Valuable notes were also made from observations during the interview process. Data from the interview were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Firstly, most respondents displayed adequate knowledge of the concept of occupational health and safety, especially in the area of hazard identification. Secondly, most of the respondents showed positive attitudes toward occupational health and safety. This was evident in their expressed prioritization of occupational safety among all other factors needed to be productive at work. Thirdly, the artisans exhibited an appreciable level of occupational safety practices. Each respondent used at least one PPE on a regular basis. Finally, it was observed that the emergency preparedness of the respondents in the area of first aid responses and fire outbreak management was inadequate. The findings showed that there is more room for improvement for the artisans in the informal sector with regard to their knowledge, attitudes, and utilization of safe practices. There must be regular training for artisans to help update their knowledge and practices on occupational health and safety issues. The district and municipal authorities together with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must organize such training on a regular basis for artisans. Artisans must be strongly encouraged to join well-organized associations to make such training effective. There must be a national law targeting occupational health and safety issues for workers in the informal sector, with an enforcement regime visible at the local level. This will help improve compliance and minimize the incidents of workplace injuries and ill health.

A Guide Proposal for the Evaluation of Risk Analysis Techniques Used in Occupational Health and Safety

Üretim ortamlarında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) uygulamalarının başarılı bir şekilde yürütülmesi uygun risk değerlendirme tekniğinin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Risk değerlendirme tekniklerinin her birinin kendine has özellikleri nedeni ile hesaplanan risk skorları farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Dahası tekniklerin uygulanmasında gereken İSG bilgi-birikim seviyesi, metotların uygulanmasındaki teknik detaylar, tekniklerin takım çalışması gerektirip-gerektirmediği, ilgili yöntemin ön hazırlık süreçlerini içerip içermediği gibi yöntem özelinde farklı yanıtların verilebileceği çeşitli durumlar bulunmaktadır. Risk değerlendirme çalışmalarının sonuçları doğrudan doğruya insan hayatı ile ilgili alınacak önlemlerle ilişkili olduğu için, risk değerlendirme çalışmalarında uygulanacak risk analizi tekniğinin hangi kriterlere göre seçileceği de önemli bir karar problemi haline gelmektedir. Öte yandan, işletmeler genelinde yapılan her türlü çalışmanın bir maliyete katlanmayı gerektirdiği göz önüne alınırsa, yöntem seçimi ekonomik gerekçeler ile de önemli bir karar olmaktadır. Bu açıklamalar ışığında bu çalışmada bir işletmede risk değerlendirme uygulamaları sırasında kullanılacak risk analizi tekniğinin taşıması gereken özelliklerin göreli önem derecelerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Göreli önem ağırlıkları hesaplanırken en sık kullanılan çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden biri olan Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan uygulama sonucunda en önemli ana kriter ve alt kriter sırası ile teknik kriter, ve değerlendirme skalasının hassaslığı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Occupational Health and Safety among Nursing Students in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Health and safety in the workplace are critical components in healthcare institutions. Unsafe working conditions are among the causes of poor quality of care and burnout. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of occupational health and safety among nursing students at Al-Israa University. In this cross-sectional study, a structured online questionnaire was distributed from March to May 2021. Of the 350 eligible students, 219 students answered the questionnaire (Response rate=62.6). Data were analyzed using the statistical software IBM-SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistic, Independentsamples T-Test, and ANOVA tests were used. The majority of participants were female (81.7%) and studying in a diploma program. 21% of nursing students have experienced a needle stick injury. The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practice were (M±SD:78.2% ±12.9, M±SD:80.6% ±7.1, and M±SD:81.2% ±7.6) respectively. In terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practice the mean scores were statistically significant between nursing students who attended a safety precautions course and those who didn not (P-value <.05). In terms of attitudes, the mean scores were statistically significant between diploma and bachelor students (P-value =.026). In terms of practice, the means scores were statistically significant between males and females (Pvalue =.017), nursing students who had experience with needle sticks and those who didn't (P-value =.015). The authors recommend that clinical training departments and universities continue to offer occupational health and safety courses and training for health science students. Since the training had a positive impact on the students' practices.

An Assessment of Knowledge among Healthcare Professionals on Occupational Health Hazards at New Abirem Government Hospital, Ghana

Background: Healthcare professionals render various healthcare services to patients. However, in their duty to patients, they are exposed to occupational hazards that could be detrimental to their health and safety. In order to minimize exposure to these occupational hazards and prevent their detrimental effects on healthcare professionals, it is fundamental to assess the level of knowledge healthcare professionals have with regards to these health hazards.&#x0D; Objectives: The study was intended at assessing the knowledge of healthcare professionals at New Abirem Government Hospital on occupational health hazards and safety practices at the hospital.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative study approach was adopted in this study. A total of 171 participants were recruited from within the staff at the New Abirem Hospital. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the total 171 from the staff of 300. Questionnaires were administered to obtain data for the study and the administration body was interviewed. For data analysis, the quantitative data was edited and cleaned using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Basic descriptive analysis was thereafter performed. In the analysis and interpretation of the quantitative data, the statistical Mean was used.&#x0D; Results and Findings: The results showed that 120 (70.2%) participants agreed that, knowledge of occupational health and safety is the responsibility and right of both employer and employee. 33 (19.3%) of the participants were neutral, 18 (10.5%) disagreed with the assertion. Furthermore, 129 (75.4%) of the participants agreed that occupational hazards always relate to work activities that increase the risk of injury. 23 (13.5%) of the respondents were neutral in their response whiles 19 (11.1%) disagreed with the assertion. Additionally, 117 (75.4%) of the participants stated they were obliged to report work-related accidents or injuries even though 24 (14%) disagreed. Nevertheless, 114 (66.7%) agreed that the most effective accident and disease prevention begins when work processes are still in the design stage. Similarly, 126 (73.7%) respondents agreed that healthcare professionals are at high risk of occupational hazard. The study found out that there were no knowledge of laid down health and safety policies in place at the hospital. This was quite unexpected as the healthcare facility is considered a high-risk facility. There were no in-house health and safety personnel. The hospital depended heavily on periodic trainings offered to staff to keep them up-to-date on health and safety issues. The study also revealed major challenges such as lack of funding, understaffing, bureaucracy and non-compliance to internal rules and regulations as barriers to ensuring effective occupational health and safety.&#x0D; Conclusion: Healthcare professionals are well knowledgeable of occupational hazards at the facility. The highest form of occupational hazard that the healthcare professionals are exposed to is chemical hazards. There are several problems militating against the top management in improving upon the occupational safety at the workplace. However, more could be done to ensure a more secured work environment for employees of the hospital.

Occupational safety of janitors in Ethiopian University during COVID-19 pandemic: Results from observational study.

IntroductionJanitors are at high risk of COVID-19 infection, as they are among the frontline workers for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Poor occupational safety practices could contribute to loss of lives of janitors and the general public. However, there are no detailed investigations on occupational safety practices of janitors involved in different settings, such as universities where there are crowds of people. In addition, although observation is recognized as a better tool to investigate occupational safety practices, previous studies mainly employed self-administered questionnaires and/or face-to-face interviews as data collection mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to assess occupational safety practices to prevent COVID-19 transmission and associated factors among Ethiopian University janitors using an observation tool and a self-administered questionnaire.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 janitors of Bule Hora University (Ethiopia) from November to December, 2021. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the independent factors associated with occupational safety practices.ResultsOccupational safety practices for COVID-19 were good only among 53.9% of the janitors. Training on COVID-19 prevention measures (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.57–4.37), availability of policy and protocol in the work place (AOR = 5.46; 95% CI: 3.57–8.36), and availability of soap/bleach (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.64–4.46) were found to significantly increase the likelihood of occupational safety of the janitors.ConclusionA significant proportion of the janitors had poor occupational safety practices. Therefore, an adequate supply of PPE and regular training and awareness creation on COVID-19 should be strengthened. Close follow-up and regular supervision of safety procedures should also be conducted as controlling strategies.

Perceptions of nurses on occupational health hazards and safety practices in Ditsobotla public hospitals in North West province.

BackgroundNurses are the backbone of the healthcare system. During the fulfilment of their duties and responsibilities, they experience various types of work-related risks, which harmfully affect their health and nursing quality.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore and describe perceptions of nurses on occupational health hazards and safety practices in Ditsobotla public hospitals of North West province.MethodAn exploratory, descriptive, qualitative research design was undertaken in this study. An explorative design allowed the researcher to identify key issues regarding nurses’ perceptions on occupational health hazards and safety practices using Donabedian structure, process and outcome. A total of 15 nurses of different categories participated in the study that formed four focus group discussions. Semi-structured focus group discussions of three to four participants were conducted until data saturation is obtained and at the point where no new themes from participants’ perceptions emerged. Creswell and Clark framework of data analysis was used to analyse data.ResultsThree major categories emerged during data analysis: nurse’s perception on occupational health hazards in the health settings, Donabedian framework on assessing the quality of care in relation to occupational health hazards and occupational health and safety (OHS) practices. Eight themes were identified.ConclusionNurses’ perceived different occupational hazards that affect their normal duties and responsibility in the workplace. Future interventions such as training and education on OHS policy should be adopted to promote health and well-being of the staff.

The Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Practices on Organization Trust in Hotel Businesses

This research, is aimed to determine the effect of occupational health and safety practices in hotel businesses in Nevşehir province on the perceptions of employees' trust in the organization. For this purpose, data were collected from employees working in hotel businesses in Nevşehir province from February to May 2021 by survey technique. In the study, correlation analysis was applied to determine the relationship between occupational health and safety practices of hotel businesses and their perceptions of trust in the organization, and regression analysis was applied to determine the effect of occupational health and safety practices on trust in the organization. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the perception of trust in the organization of the employees of hotel enterprises is affected by occupational health and safety practices. Occupational health and safety, gaining more importance with each passing day, plays a decisive role for both developed countries and developing countries. Changes in working life also have an impact on occupational health and safety, and changing working conditions bring new risks and dangers. For this reason, with new regulations, states, employers, and employees need to keep occupational health and safety up to date. Practices at the point of working conditions, employment contracts, working methods (trial-term, part-time, seasonal, on-call work, overwork, unregistered employment, etc.) of the enterprises in the tourism sector are important for the sector employees and must be taken under legal supervision and protection.

Licensure and citations among nail salons in Michigan from 2017 to 2021: A cross-sectional study of an overlooked and vulnerable industry.

BackgroundNail salon workers (NSW) in the United States (U.S.) are predominantly immigrant women who face a number of occupational hazards, such as biological, ergonomic, and chronic chemical exposures. Additionally, there are challenges to keeping up with the latest practices in this evolving small business industry. Licensure requirements are intended to keep not only consumers but also workers safe, however licensure requirements vary between states creating little skill, education, and occupational health and safety knowledge and practice consistency among the nail salon workforce. The current state of nail salons and licensure of workers in the State of Michigan—an overlooked state and region (Midwest) in NSW research—was determined to better characterize this workforce.MethodsA Freedom of Information Act request was submitted to the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs regarding nail salon establishments and their workers, formally termed manicurists, and citation data for breaches. Data were provided on the number of licensed cosmetologists and cosmetology businesses from January 2017 to March 2021. From there, the total number of licensed manicurists was determined, and the cosmetology establishment list was analyzed to see if the businesses exclusively or predominantly provided nail services.ResultsAs of Mach 2021, there were 1372 nail salons that exclusively provided nail services and over 12,000 licensed manicurists. Over half of the disciplinary actions cited were for salons not officially licensed. Michigan has reduced licensure requirements compared to other states and no continuing education (CE) requirements for license renewals.ConclusionThere is a need for industry educational and training standardization, across the nation, as well as heightened licensure requirements for these vulnerable workers. CE not only keeps workers abreast of the latest practices in the industry, but also provides them the skills and knowledge to enhance their worker health, safety, and wellbeing.