Historically, family therapists have relied on counseling theory and the social sciences to understand the dynamics of family relationships. These sources have been helpful, but the solutions to many problems in therapy remain elusive. This article addresses the importance of a basic understanding of neuroscience in marital, couple, and family therapy training and practice. It examines the biological and physiological processes underlying emotions, memory, and neurochemistry, and emphasizes their impact on behavior. The therapeutic benefits of movement and music are also addressed. Only with a thorough understanding of the social and biological bases of behavior will family therapists and other mental health professionals be adequately prepared to assist in finding solutions to the difficult problems encountered in family therapy. Neuroscience is an indispensable source of information and should be a part of each therapist’s academic preparation, continuing education, and lifelong learning.