Practice Of Corruption Research Articles

Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Indonesia Dari Persepsi Mahasiswa

Akhir-akhir ini ditemukan fenomena baru korupsi yang terjadi di Indonesia. Pelaku tindak pidana korupsi terdiri dari berbagai kalangan umur yang relatif masih muda dan tanpa pandang jenis kelamin. Dalam tulisan ini akan membahas persepsi mahasiswa terhadap tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia. Ruang lingkup artikel ini akan dibatasi pada salah satu universitas negeri di Indonesia, dalam hal ini Universitas Sriwijaya khususnya mahasiswa fakultas hukum. Sedangkan analisa yang digunakan dalam pembahasan tulisan ini yaitu diskriptif analisis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam menentukan sampel yaitu random sampling, dengan menetapkan lebih kurang sepuluh persen dari populasi yang ada. Pada bagian pertama akan membahas tentang kedudukan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia di mata dunia begitu juga dilevel regional. Kemudian, mendiskusikan definisi persepsi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi serta definisi korupsi. Hasil temuan menunjukan hampir seluruh mahasiswa mengerti apa yang dimaksud dengan tindak pidana korupsi, akan tetapi mayoritas perilaku mereka disadari maupun tanpa disadari mempunyai kontribusi terhadap terjadinya praktek tindak pidana korupsi. Tindak pidana korupsi bukan disebabkan karena gaji yang tidak cukup atau dorongan ekonomi tetapi sistem yang ada membuka peluang perilaku koruptif dan masih rendahnya moral bangsa dalam hal ini dikalangan generasi muda yang menjadi responden. Hal ini sangat mengkhawatirkan masa depan bangsa dan negara. Kata kunci: persepsi, mahasiswa, korupsi.

Afno Manchhe: Unequal Access to Public Resources and Institutions in Nepal

This paper highlights the informal inner circle network approach to maintaining relationships and reciprocating favors within a system that significantly affect the performance of incumbents in formal bureaucratic organizations. While this is a general sociological problem in any society, this article deals with how afno manchhe behavior is manifested in Nepal. Without afno manchhe relations, one risks marginalization, disappointments and failures in one's struggle to realize important goals in life. In such a situation, the malfunctioning of administration and dissatisfaction arise at every level. There is thus a significant relationship between one's position in afno manchhe networks and inclusion-exclusion processes. This of course has consequences for the widespread practice of corruption in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v8i0.10722Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 8, 2014; 55-86

URGENSI UNDANG-UNDANG KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK DALAM MANAJEMEN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI

The Public Information Commission (KIP) has the role of encouraging information transparency in central and regional government agencies (pemda) and conducting education related to the era of public information disclosure to the public. Consequently, KIP members must work professionally and work optimally so that people feel their existence. This manuscript is a small part of the effort to provide an understanding to the public about the importance of the Public Information Disclosure Act for citizens, especially for economic development. The business world needs information in its entirety, starting from understanding about legislation, government policies under the law, policies of state administrators at the central and regional levels in the economic/ business field, and other aspects. If this is realized, then people's welfare will be realized through development in the field of public information. The full implementation of the KIP Law is highly dependent on the government's performance, citizens' awareness, and the role of civil society as a Nation Government Organization (NGO / NGO) that controls the performance of the government. The role of NGOs can accelerate the realization of an open government which is a strategic effort to prevent the practice of corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN), the creation of good governance, and the realization of wise public services.

Las multinacionales, agentes estratégicos del capital. Una guía para evaluar sus impactos

El objeto de este trabajo ha sido construir una guía de análisis que sirva a los investigadores para poder evaluar los impactos múltiples que las corporaciones multinacionales provocan habitualmente con su práctica empresarial. En primer lugar, se plantea de manera breve una definición de este tipo de empresas y la evolución que han tenido a lo largo de la historia. A continuación se señalan sus atributos más importantes y su actual distribución a escala global. Finalmente, el capítulo central del texto se ocupa de identificar los impactos más importantes que las multinacionales generan en diversos ámbitos, destacándose entre otros la mercantilización de servicios públicos, la pérdida de soberanía, la práctica del lobby y la corrupción, la criminalización social, el deterioro medioambiental y la vulneración de derechos laborales. En síntesis, estas grandes corporaciones privilegian su función como agentes estratégicos del capital por encima de otros fines sociales.

Contract Law Perspective Mapping To Quality Characteristic of the Government Procurement in Indonesia: Doubt on the Practice of Corruption, Administrative or Civil Violations?

Government Procurement Contract is a contract between the government and suppliers. The utilization of state finances in Government Procurement Contract is like a double-edged sword. While necessary for the service to community, it also lies in a corruption-prone area. State apparatus are performing the Government Procurement Contract in good faith, yet overshadowed by a fear of corruption threat in case they slip and inflict losses to the State. This article will address the fear with the explanation that not all violations in the Government Procurement Contract are considered as the acts of corruption; they can also be administrative or civil violations.

Helicopter Dropping of 50 Free Allopathic Medicines; Prescribed by Homoeopathic Doctors at Ground: Sorry this is not Universal Health Coverage.

The provision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is being discussed in India. Crippled by the charges of corruption and unethical practice by media and public at large, medical professionals are largely unaware, disinterested, isolated and edged out from this debate. The traditional general practitioner is a dying breed and deficiency of doctors willing to work in community settings is rampant. Is UHC model proposed in present form good for an ordinary Indian citizen? This editorial looks into the underlying politics of health care in India in the past and how this ongoing debate could impact the future of primary care and health care of people in India.

Corruption, Legal Modernisation and Judicial Practice in Afghanistan

1Afghanistan’s justice system is currently at a crucial and troubled stage of development that will determine its effectiveness. This article focuses on the phenomenon of corruption inside judicial institutions. By integrating the analysis of narratives of corruption with the observation of judicial practice and a critical approach to the reconstruction process, I argue that in Afghanistan, the phenomenon of corruption can be understood in terms of its “double institutionalisation”, whereby mechanisms of exchange and of compensation, both already affirmed at the level of social practice, find a possibility of reaffirmation (of re-institutionalisation) in the legal system itself. The creation of an economic system that depends on international aid, the consolidation of a state apparatus over-determined by warlordism and foreign influences, and the process of legal modernisation itself all play an important role in the re-institutionalisation and radicalisation of corruption. By taking into consideration this scenario, I adopt an ethnographic perspective to explore some of the effects of corruption on the work of judges and on the access to justice itself.

Values Education as a Social Instrument for Reducing Corruption, Poverty and Inequality

Corruption has been the topic of many debates and much literature. Yet it remains a global challenge with far- reaching implications: it promotes and sustains a vicious cycle of poverty and leads to poor schooling environments. The underlying assumption in this article is that teaching values education is not only a way to escape poverty, but it is a way to fight it. Therefore, this article offers an account of the epistemology of theory and practice of corruption, poverty and inequality reduction. Drawing on the critical pedagogy framework and systems theory, this article (1) conceptualises values education in the South African context; (2) argues for schools as institutions for social and cultural reproduction; (3) explores discourses on corruption; (4) reflects on teaching values education as a means of fighting and reducing corruption and inequality; and (5) sketches corruption as an obstacle to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Education For All (EFA). DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n13p745

English

This study aims to examine the graft and corruption practices among selected public officials in southern Philippines. The study is qualitative in nature making use of case study method in which an in-depth analysis of primary data obtained from eight informants, four of whom are town mayors and their four incumbent municipal treasurers, is employed. The findings revealed that the mayor informants got elected through vote buying and bribery. Politics and family matters intersect as informants are supported by their families during election who used guns, gold and goons to ensure election victory. The clannish nature of the community finds expression also in the selection of relatives in municipal employment and in accessing municipal resources. The most prevalent corruption practice disclosed by the informants is amassing the internal revenue allotment (IRA) for personal purposes in order to recover the huge amount of money spent during election. Other types of corruption practices also include falsification of documents, nepotism, bribery, kickbacks, and evasion of public bidding. These public officials also do not seem to perform official duties in their towns as they live outside of their municipalities. Inter-agency involvement of corruption among different government agencies in the areas studied are also uncovered. Moreover, the perceived negative effects of corruption are manifested in the poor delivery of the community’s basic social services in health, water supply, education, and security protection. Corruption also adversely affects the construction of community infrastructure facilities and the establishment of an equitable and solid economic base. The study has implications to the strict policy implementation of the provisions of the 1991 Local Government Code of the Philippines, The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, and other pertinent laws in order to improve the transparency, integrity and accountability of public officials not only in southern Philippines but also in the entire country KEYWORDS: governance, inter-agency corruption involvement, Internal Review Allotment, maratabat, nepotism

English

This article aims to analyze the practice of pork barrel politics in the level of Indonesia legislature tiers and its political management campaign. Since 2004, electoral democracy already delegate to the common people to chosen their representation directly through general election in the level executive and legislative. Those conditions oblige politician and political parties to approaching the commons in order to obtain their vote and popularize both actors into public. The paradigm of research is a pork barrel politics. This paradigm supports to understand and analyze the corruption symptoms i.e. politico corruption in legislative tier and electoral-corruption in political-campaign which become chronic problems in this country. Result of research has showed populism is pivotal key which triggered up politician and parties to corruption in order to persist their political tenure and funding their political cost in pursue to re-elect again in second office terms. No matter their corruption practice that implicate to budgeting fraud. Both actors take political favor to disguise within social aids following the governmental policy, so that, they hindered from corruption accusation. Finally, this paper wants to recommend legal improvement into our budgeting cycle wherein there are public participation to watch it and moral improvement to politician and parties to reducing their corruption if they wants to become truly populist politician figure into public.

Impact of corruption on bank profitability: an analysis of Islamic banks

The great influx of Islamic finance to the global scene has raised an interesting notion about its behaviour towards corruption. As the practice of corruption can be found in almost any corner of the world, it is most likely that Islamic banks may have been exposed to certain unscrupulous practices. This brings forth an important yet interesting discussion as sometimes corruption becomes unavoidable and this is something that is prohibited in Islam, proving to be a conflict of interest. This novel study sought to econometrically analyse the impact of corruption on Islamic bank profitability in highly corrupt countries. Using a panel dataset comprising 300 observations of 10 unique banks over the 2000–2010 time period panel least squared regression results reveal that corruption has a significant positive impact on bank profitability. The results lend some credence to implications that banks are thriving from corruption in the country.

Political connections, guanxi and adoption of CSR policies in the Chinese hotel industry: Is there a link?

This research note examines the existence of a potential relationship between the political connections possessed by senior Chinese hotel managers and their adoption of corporate socially responsible (CSR) policies in the Chinese hotel industry. Given (a) China’s Green Hotel policy and (b) a broader context where, it is argued political connections and guanxi are a means by which the State seeks to advance desired economic reforms and counter corruption practice, it is suggested that those hotels with better political connections may show evidence of higher levels of awareness and adoption of CSR policies. The data are derived from a usable sample of 404 senior hotel managers. The findings show a positive relationship between the variables of ‘political connectedness’ and ‘CSR adoption’ in areas relating to environmental and philanthropic action, but less of a relationship in other CSR areas such as human resource management and guest relationships. The implications for future research are discussed.

The Art of the Bribe: Corruption and Everyday Practice in the Late Stalinist USSR

By drawing on materials in Soviet legal and party archives, James Heinzen explores the phenomenon of bribery in the decade between 1943 and 1953. Bribery, the prototypical type of corruption, enveloped people from all walks of Soviet life. Heinzen examines bribery as a mode of negotiation between common people and officials in the political and social context of late Stalinism, in a time of scarcity, reconstruction, and mass arrests. Discussing the diverse varieties of bribery, Heinzen illustrates how law, Stalinist ideology, popular attitudes, and everyday practices often stood in conflict. Graft had its own subculture with shared attitudes, rituals, and venues. Attitudes differentiating between accepting and offering bribes are explored, as is the existence of a veritable “market” for bribery, in which intermediaries played an important role.

The emergence of local norms in networks

AbstractWe develop an explanation of the emergence of local norms and the associated phenomenon of geographical variation in behavior. Individuals are assumed to interact locally with neighbors in an environment with a network externality. Although many patterns of behavior are possible, the dispersed interactive choices of agents are shown to select behavior that is locally uniform but globally diverse. The range of applications of the theory includes regional variation in the practice of medicine, technology choice, and corruption. The framework is also useful for further developing our understanding of important phenomena like lock‐in, critical thresholds, and contagion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11: 65–83, 2006

Institutional Analysis of Business Corruption in Russia

The parameters of the Russian market of business corruption are studied in the article. Comparative historical analysis of corruption practice in Russia is presented. A correlation model of corruption interaction of an economic agent with a bureaucrat is proposed. The authors offer an approach to modeling entrepreneurs’ shadow economic activities taking into account corruption costs. The ways of achieving anticorruption consensus between business and authorities are considered.

KORUPSI DI LEMBAGA LEGISLATIF PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH

Corruption in Indonesia has been recognized in bureaucratic and banking level that nowadays it has entered the legislative level. Uncovered corruption cases on members of Province Legislative Assembly recently follows the implementation of Decree Number 22 Year 1999 that one of the aims is functioning and rolling the legislative assembly Thus it requires detail evaluation on the causes of the corruption practice in the Legislative Assembly and finally finds ways to prevent such practice.

Corruption in India: Control measures and consequences

Much has been written on corruption in the Third World. Studying the phenomenon of transactional corruption, however, is fraught with many shortcomings. The insidious corruption of subverting the regimes or abusing the constitution for political or partisan gain is paid little attention. This article analyses corruption in India within its social, cultural, and political contexts. The workings of the various anti‐corruption measures are also examined. The concept of regime corruption is studied. The article concludes that curbing corruption largely depends upon the social attitudes. In particular, the political parties should not only take the blame for the current situation, they should also play an active role in correcting the pernicious practice of corruption.

Corruption as Everyday Practice. The Public—Private Divide in Local Indian Society

Drawing on ethnographic material from West Bengal (India), the article investigates the practice of corruption. Several points are made on the relevance of ethnographic investigation to an understanding of the practice of corruption. Networking is an everyday coping strategy that does not distinguish between the private and public roles of the individual. Although such distinctions may be well known, practices such as networking and the moral weight of reciprocal obligation ensure that the dividing line is still crossed. A certain heroism attached to the daring and successful player adds to this. Different and partially opposing values create a situation of innovative and contesting interpretations that in part maintain a level of corruption and in part represent a dynamic field for possible opposition.

Graft, Bribes, and the Practice of Corruption

We construct a dynamic model of corruption in organizations where officials privately know their propensity for corruption and clients optimally choose the bribe offered. We show that there is a continuum set of stationary bribe equilibria due exclusively to the dynamic nature of the model and the endogenous determination of bribes. This can explain why similar countries have stable but different “implicit prices” for the same illegal services. We also show that, by not considering the reaction of clients, traditional analysis have systematically overestimated the beneficial effect of increasing wages as an anticorruption measure.

Graft, Bribes, and the Practice of Corruption

We construct a dynamic model of corruption in organizations where officials privately know their propensity for corruption and clients optimally choose the bribe offered. We show that there is a continuum set of stationary bribe equilibria due exclusively to the dynamic nature of the model and the endogenous determination of bribes. This can explain why similar countries have stable but different “implicit prices” for the same illegal services. We also show that, by not considering the reaction of clients, traditional analysis have systematically overestimated the beneficial effect of increasing wages as an anticorruption measure.