Practical Lessons Research Articles

고등학교 ‘미술 감상과 비평’ 과목 연계 색채 실기 교육 프로그램 개발과 효과성 분석

This study recognized a problem about which the color education in public education of our country is being performed focusing on a theory with emphasizing the relevant sections in each of the emotional approach from the art subject and of the physical approach from the science teaching. And then, the color practical education program at high school was developed centering on the 2009 and 2015 Revised Curricula. During the two months of October and November in 2022, it applied the program targeting 20 third graders at D high school in Seoul who take the class for ‘Art Appreciation and Criticism’ and confirmed its effectiveness through the pre and post questionnaires. Key effectiveness questions include 7 items in totally 3 realms such as ‘awareness, understanding and attitude’ regarding the color education. The following are the research results according to this. First, the perception of importance on color appeared to be high in both before and after (t=1.099). The understanding about color could be known to have increased after the class (t=5.477). Finally, the attitude of trying to use color could be seen to have heightened either in daily life or in other fields after the practical training lesson (t=4.152). As the scientific technology advances, a human being’s sensitivity adjective of looking at the world is also changing rapidly. Hence, the transition to color education is urgent that is reflected the education focusing on the latest theory and diverse practical skills. These findings show the need to develop a variety of practical education for students who perceive the significance of color at ordinary times. This study is expected to be likely used as basic data that suggests the directivity of new color education at the point of time requiring this change.

The role of paper plastic in modern design in the development of students' creative thinking

The article highlights that in the space of modern design and artistic and creative education, in particular decorative and applied arts, the importance of paper is growing as both a creative material for modelling and for creating artistic products, and at the same time, the paper is simultaneously one of the most accessible art materials both from the viewpoint of ease of use and cost, and paper craft is an important basis for students' perception and creation of more complex artistic forms of professional art. It is noted that despite various editions, this disparity does not allow fully revealing paper-making as a conceptual whole – in the diversity of its connections with project culture, creative laboratory and design methodology in design. The purpose of the article is to reveal paper-making in the space of decorative and applied arts as well as to identify its theoretical and methodological foundations and to substantiate the role of paper-making in modern design for the formation of students' creative thinking alongside the formation of their artistic and pedagogical skills. These methods were applied and used to reveal the problem: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization); scientific and specific: historical, artistic, pedagogical, psychological and approaches: systemic-structural, structural-functional, comparative, with the help of which the opinion regarding the phenomenon of paper-making is generalized, its essential content is clarified in the plane of decorative and applied arts, in modern design, and methodical methods are specified principles to the problem regarding the development of creative thinking of students specialized in artistic and pedagogical mastery. In the main content, it is noted that on the basis of methodological provisions and basic principles of traditional craftsmanship, the creative and essential foundations for decorative and applied arts are manifested, which ensures the formation of components of artistic competence and, at the same time, requires the use of students’ creative and figurative thinking. The idea of the key figurative-essential basis for paper-making is provided and it is noted that mastering the specifics of artistic imagery forms students' aesthetic ideas as well as a valuable act of understanding the world. It is highlighted that "paper plastic" also reflects the specificity of the author's approach to the study of compositional, constructive, structural and technological regularities of the work with material. In the content of the Methodological recommendations for conducting practical lessons, it is emphasized that the result should reflect the student's mastery – from the initial sketch through full-scale sketches to the design of the idea in the material. It is justified that in addition to the traditional methodical principles of education, there is a need to use certain art technologies. It is emphasized that the implementation of the developed "Conceptual Technology" in the teaching space of paper-making contributed to the decision-making process regarding the means of creating an artistic image. In the conclusions, it is noted that paper-making as a type of activity occupies an intermediate position between learning and playing and meets the conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the development of creative activity. Learning and practical work in the technique of papier-mâché using papier-mâché is important for the formation and development of abstract, associative, combinatorial, logical thinking, in the process of learning "paper-mâché" the creative thinking of students is formed and the skills of stylization and generalization are acquired, which involves the acquisition of practical experience for figurative reproduction. In the perspective of further research, it is important to consider the need to research, develop and create a model for the development of the future designer’s artistic and creative competence.

تعلیماتِ نبیﷺ میں ماحول کی نظافت کے أصول اور طریقے

This research paper explores the principles, methods, and responsibilities related to environmental purification, as elucidated in the Sirah (biography) of the Prophet Muhammadﷺ. Drawing upon historical accounts and primary sources, the study delves into the Prophet's exemplary practices and teachings concerning environmental conservation, sustainable living, and ecological responsibility. The research highlights key rules derived from the Sirah that emphasize the sanctity of nature, the preservation of biodiversity, and the promotion of sustainable resource management. It examines the Prophet's teachings on concepts such as moderation, stewardship, and accountability, which encourage believers to adopt a balanced and harmonious approach towards the environment. Additionally, the paper investigates the practical methods employed by the Prophet in maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, and utilizing resources responsibly, providing valuable insights for contemporary environmental practices. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the collective responsibility of individuals, communities, and societies in preserving and protecting the environment, as exemplified by the Prophet's efforts to instill environmental consciousness among his followers. By analyzing the environmental aspects of the Sirah, this research sheds light on the Islamic perspective on environmental purification, offering practical guidelines and lessons for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. Ultimately, the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of Islamic environmental ethics and inspire individuals and communities to adopt responsible practices that promote environmental sustainability and stewardship, aligning with the timeless teachings of the Prophet Muhammadﷺ.

ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FORMATION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO STUDENTS OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM SPECIALTIES

In this article, the authors argue that mastering a foreign language is closely related to acquiring national culture, which involves acquiring cultural knowledge, developing the ability and willingness to understand the mentality of native speakers of the language being studied, as well as the peculiarities of the communicative behavior of the people of the country. Achieving a new, modern quality of education, orientation towards the development of students' foreign language socio-cultural competence, and their cognitive and creative abilities is one of the main tasks of modern education. The socio-cultural component in the content of foreign language teaching allows students to become familiar with the cultural heritage of the country whose language is being studied to compare it with the cultural values of their own country, which contributes to the formation of students' general culture. In the process of analyzing the methods mentioned above, their influence on the process of organizing and the effectiveness of learning, as well as in the development of a course in tourism, the authors concluded that such forms of work as project work, practical classes in the form of excursions, and the wide application of role-playing games could be called active forms of work in the classroom. They contribute to the most excellent involvement of students in the learning process and, therefore, to its assimilation. Thanks to this approach, students learn the so-called spoken anticipation, i.e., memorize and work out grammatically correct phrases to support conversation (ordering food in a restaurant, shopping in a store, passing through customs, etc.) without delving into grammar. The course also includes practical lessons with native speakers, as they contribute to the formation of correct stress and intonation, teach students to perceive the language by ear, and will be highly relevant for overcoming the language barrier. The authors concluded that using these methods and techniques in English classes contributes to the expansion and deepening of knowledge of the English language at a sufficient level to navigate in the field of tourism and hospitality. The developed methodologies will be effective for teaching project work skills, developing proper pronunciation, assisting students to overcome language barriers, and learning how to confidently and comfortably engage in conversation with foreign guests on various topics (such as the traditions and culture of the country, city landmarks, etc.).

Perspectives: How to Apply Motivational Interviewing for Older Adult Fall Prevention

More than one in three adults age ≥65 fall each year, and fall-related deaths are increasing in the United States. Falls risks can be reduced when older adults are able to engage in series of behavior changes to reduce their high fall risk factors. However, older adults perceive their fall risks to be lower than clinically indicated and adherence rates for fall prevention recommendations are suboptimal. Motivational interviewing (MI), a validated patient-centered behavior change communication approach, is ideal for addressing these gaps and facilitating older adults’ engagement in fall prevention. The goal of this paper is to present practical tips to apply MI for fall prevention for clinicians who may not be familiar with MI. We draw on our experience from providing MI sessions to high fall risk older adults within a randomized controlled trial. We describe how we delivered MI sessions and practical lessons learned from this experience. We present how basic MI skills can be used for fall prevention using a case study, how an older adult may move through Stages of Change for fall prevention, and how to address strongly held beliefs about fall prevention.

The special sauce of the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network: 20 years of lessons learned in developing the evidence base, building community capacity, and translating research into practice

PurposeThe Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) is a national network focused on accelerating the translation of cancer prevention and control research evidence into practice through collaborative, multicenter projects in partnership with diverse communities. From 2003 to 2022, the CPCRN included 613 members.MethodsWe: (1) characterize the extent and nature of collaborations through a bibliometric analysis of 20 years of Network publications; and (2) describe key features and functions of the CPCRN as related to organizational structure, productivity, impact, and focus on health equity, partnership development, and capacity building through analysis of 22 in-depth interviews and review of Network documentation.ResultsSearching Scopus for multicenter publications among the CPCRN members from their time of Network engagement yielded 1,074 collaborative publications involving two or more members. Both the overall number and content breadth of multicenter publications increased over time as the Network matured. Since 2004, members submitted 123 multicenter grant applications, of which 72 were funded (59%), totaling more than $77 million secured. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed that the CPCRN’s success—in terms of publication and grant productivity, as well as the breadth and depth of partnerships, subject matter expertise, and content area foci—is attributable to: (1) its people–the inclusion of members representing diverse content-area interests, multidisciplinary perspectives, and geographic contexts; (2) dedicated centralized structures and processes to enable and evaluate collaboration; and (3) focused attention to strategically adapting to change.ConclusionCPCRN’s history highlights organizational, strategic, and practical lessons learned over two decades to optimize Network collaboration for enhanced collective impact in cancer prevention and control. These insights may be useful to others seeking to leverage collaborative networks to address public health problems.

‘Good’ Aid Conditionality for the African Continental Free Trade Area

This paper proposes a broad set of conditions for effective foreign aid that can promote sustained economic growth and development in Africa in line with the African Continental Free Area (AfCFTA) programme of “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want”. It argues that lenders should insist on guarantees that borrowing African countries will use loans, grants and technical assistance for projects and programmes that advance regional economic linkages – tacitly the AfCFTA programme. The assertion is that this ‘good’ aid conditionality ensures discernible economic diversification that creates sustainable and decent employment – the essence of economic development. The proposed form of aid conditionality carries broad theory, policy, and practice lessons to the development aid discourse.

The Environmental Fund Management Model in Indonesia: Some Lessons in Legal Regulation and Practice

Environmental Fund Management (EFM) is a government effort to optimize EEI (Environmental Economic Instruments), to preserve the functions of the ecosystem. Based on regulation, EFM is entrusted to the Indonesian Environmental Fund (BPDLH) through channeling, fund fertilization, and distribution. BPDLH is appointed a trustee to manage the environmental fund, especially the trust/conservation assistance finance. The existence of trustee agreements often requires follow-up from a legal aspect. This is because Indonesia’s legal system does not recognize the trust law essentially acknowledging the dual ownership of an asset/property. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of the trust model in environmental fund management from a legal perspective. It also aims to evaluate the reasons Indonesian law needs to propose a trust policy as the basis for any activity adapting to conservation assistance, including EFM. This study was carried out by using a normative and qualitative juridical analysis. The results showed that the model used in EFM was a legal adaptation of the trust law and was adjusted to the Indonesian constitutional system not recognizing dual ownership. This trust model emphasized an agreement as a legal basis and limited the trustee’s authority in managing funds, leading to suboptimal environmental finance management, especially in nurturing money. Meanwhile, the environmental fund managed by BPDLH was relatively small compared to the needs. This proved that the trust model was represented by individuals/institutions as beneficiaries, based on an agreement with the trustee. From this context, the presence of Indonesian Trust law was capable of ending the legal vacuum in the constitutional system of the country. By specifically regulating the principles of trust and incorporating the dual ownership concept into the proposed law, the goal of fund management was achieved, including environmental finance. The management goal also maximized the benefits for the beneficiaries, namely the environment

Strategic Analysis of Agriculture Students’ Employability by SWOT Technic

Without a doubt, having a high education will help you land a good career, but employers demand more from their workforce to benefit their business. The job market is tough these days. Employees that want to be competitive must possess a variety of employability skills. The primary goal of this study is to show the employability skills required of graduates in agriculture. The study site was at Iran's Bu-Ali-Sina University's Faculty of Agriculture in Hamadan province. There were 45 participants in the study; of these, 15 were lecturers, 15 were employers, and 15 were B.Sc. and M.Sc.-level students. Based on the result of the SWOT analysis strategy for agricultural students' employability are include “Prepare suitable work environment for students to gain work experience”, “before entering the job market, Holding entrepreneurial conferences and seminars to encourage entrepreneurs and explain government support for entrepreneurship”, “also giving government facility and support their new business”, “Increasing practical lessons than theoretical”, “and providing capital for starting a new business”, “To avoid a mental problem student should be chosen according to their interest field”, “and Increasing government funding to provide job opportunity for new graduates youths.”

Accidental discovery of a Tetraodontidae (<i>Sphoeroides marmoratus</i>) within a cuttlefish (<i>Sepia officinalis</i>) bought in a fish shop in Italy: risk assessment associated with the presence of Tetrodotoxin

The discovery of a pufferfish specimen (Tetraodontidae) inside a frozen cuttlefish, purchased by a fishmonger, and caught in the central-east Atlantic (FAO 34) is reported. The consumer, who reported this case to FishLab (Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa) for investigation, was a student of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pisa. He recognized the Tetraodontidae because he attended practical lessons on fish morphological identification during the course of food inspection and was aware of the risks to human health linked to the Tetrodotoxin (TTX). In this study, the pufferfish was identified morphologically, using the FAO morphological keys, and molecularly, analyzing two markers, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the cytochrome b genes, by DNA barcoding. The pufferfish was identified morphologically as Sphoeroides spp., and molecularly as Sphoeroides marmoratus using the COI gene (99-100% identity values). Literature reports that S. marmoratus from the eastern Atlantic contains high concentrations of TTX in the gonads and the digestive tract. However, the possible passage of TTX from fish to other organisms linked to contact or ingestion has never been reported. This represents the first case of a potentially toxic pufferfish entering the market inside another organism. The fact that a student observed this occurrence highlights the key role of citizen science in the management of emerging risks.

Team principles for successful interdisciplinary research teams

Interdisciplinary research teams can be extremely beneficial when addressing difficult clinical problems. The incorporation of conceptual and methodological strategies from a variety of research disciplines and health professions yields transformative results. In this setting, the long-term goal of team science is to improve patient care, with emphasis on population health outcomes. However, team principles necessary for effective research teams are rarely taught in health professional schools. To form successful interdisciplinary research teams in cardio-oncology and beyond, guiding principles and organizational recommendations are necessary. Cardiovascular disease results in annual direct costs of $220 billion (about $680 per person in the US) and is the leading cause of death for cancer survivors, including adult survivors of childhood cancers. Optimizing cardio-oncology research in interdisciplinary research teams has the potential to aid in the investigation of strategies for saving hundreds of thousands of lives each year in the United States and mitigating the annual cost of cardiovascular disease. Despite published reports on experiences developing research teams across organizations, specialties and settings, there is no single journal article that compiles principles for cardiology or cardio-oncology research teams. In this review, recurring threads linked to working as a team, as well as optimal methods, advantages, and problems that arise when managing teams are described in the context of career development and research. The worth and hurdles of a team approach, based on practical lessons learned from establishing our multidisciplinary research team and information gleaned from relevant specialties in the development of a successful team are presented.

Practical lessons from implementing a data-driven approach to passenger flow optimisation and airport capacity management

While airports have traditionally relied upon historical passenger traffic to plan for future operations, that paradigm is fast changing. Stakeholders, business partners and service providers all need insights into expected passenger activity in advance to better plan and support operations. This paper shares the innovative approach that Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) adopted to create a data-driven picture of passenger activity and utilisation of terminal facilities as part of its digital transformation initiative. It shows practical ways to take advantage of existing investments and data sources to create an end-to-end operating picture of the airport. This approach allows airports to quantify, with data, how ‘busy’ each passenger touchpoint is and how that provides a direct way to assess and improve passenger flow within their facilities. The applied methodology allows the airport to understand and maximise utilisation of its terminal square footage capacity and have a clearer picture of where and when congestion occurs. More importantly, the paper provides guidance on how to ‘quantify’ what that congestion means with data, something that many airports struggle with. With this approach, airports can create a detailed data-driven picture of their environments with the technology infrastructure they already have. Firmly rooted in advanced data analytics and modelling, the paper also illustrates how, by sharing detailed passenger demand data, PHX is empowering its business partners to proactively plan and improve service levels.

Maintaining Community-engaged Research with Young People in A Virtual setting.

Partnering with young people to conduct research is fundamental to community mobilization. Recent restrictions on in-person interactions and engagement presented limitations for continued partnership with young people. To present a practical strategy and lessons learned to facilitate community-engaged research with youth in a virtual setting. Based on youth engagement tenets, the TEAM (tailor the compensation package, ensure meetings are accessible, accommodate personal needs, and maintain the structure of in-person meetings) strategy was used to adapt the partnership to a virtual setting. Three lessons are discussed 1) the importance of maintaining social connectedness, 2) maximizing flexibility, and 3) focusing on creativity and competency building. The COVID pandemic forced researchers to rethink previous engagement practices that relied heavily on in-person interactions to be sustainable. The TEAM strategy is one way to successfully adapt practices and engage young people in virtual settings.

Lessons Learned from Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Flight Dynamics Operations: NASA Deep Space Network Interfaces and Support Levels

On Aug. 4, 2022, at 23:08:48 (UTC), the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), also known as Danuri, was launched using a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Currently, KPLO is successfully conducting its science mission around the Moon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Deep Space Network (DSN) was utilized for the successful flight operation of KPLO. A great deal of joint effort was made between the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) and NASA DSN team since the beginning of KPLO ground system design for the success of the mission. The efficient utilization and management of NASA DSN in deep space exploration are critical not only for the spacecraft’s telemetry and command but also for tracking the flight dynamics (FD) operation. In this work, the top-level DSN interface architecture, detailed workflows, DSN support levels, and practical lessons learned from the joint team’s efforts are presented for KPLO’s successful FD operation. Due to the significant joint team’s efforts, KPLO is currently performing its mission smoothly in the lunar mission orbit. Through KPLO cooperative operation experience with DSN, a more reliable and efficient partnership is expected not only for Korea’s own deep space exploration mission but also for the KARI-NASA DSN joint support on other deep space missions in the future.

Elective disciplines – an important component in the formation of professinal competences of future doctors – pediatric dentists

The article investigates actual issues of introduction of elective disciplines to the educational process of dental students. According to the changes in the political, economic and social spheres of our country, the labor market requires the training of highly skilled specialists who have a high level of knowledge, skills and competences in a particular industry, could make decision in standard and non-standard situations, bear responsibility for them in the professional activity. That is why the importance issue of the development and formation of today’s education is the use of a competence approach. Elective disciplines have an important role in the formation of the professional competences of future doctors and dentists.
 The purpose of the study was to reveal the expediency of teaching elective disciplines to students of the Faculty of Dentistry using the example of an elective discipline “Modern technologies in pediatric dentistry” for students of 5th student year.
 The blocks of elective disciplines that form a variable component of the Educational and Professional program of Dentistry are characterized. The content of the elective discipline “Modern technologies in pediatric dentistry” for students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Dentistry of Bogomolets National Medical University is analyzed. Thematic plans of lectures and practical lessons in the discipline are presented. It is emphasized, that the purpose of studying this elective discipline is the formation of professional competences necessary for high-quality dental treatment of children, including under general anesthesia. The elective discipline “Modern technologies in pediatric dentistry” was introduced into the educational process in 2022/23 acadrmic year and received favorable reviews from students. Further research involves an anonymous survey of students and teachers, interviews with graduates and employers with the aim of improving the content of electives disciplines and the level of their teaching at the departments

ZUR ROLLE DER FEHLERKORREKTUR IM PROZESS DER WEITERENTWICKLUNG DER SPRACHKOMPETENZ

As part of the practical language lessons, German language lessons mostly placed great value on speaking and oral communication. In the courses dedicated to the phenomenon of communicative competence and oral error correction, fluency in communication, expressiveness and correct grammatical or lexical-phraseological competence are primarily promoted. It is primarily about the description of the phenomenon of communicative competence, the diagnosis of errors and methods of verbal error correction. This article addresses the question of which foreign language skills should be promoted and developed in German lessons in order to bring the language skills of the learners to a higher level. In addition, it is primarily about the question of which main goals the German lessons should be pursued by teachers and how the corrections regarding mistakes should be made. In surveys and discussions with students, it has often been stated and our teaching experience proves that, in addition to language skills, students should also acquire basic knowledge of interculturality, media, politics, social sciences and others during their studies. These findings show that learners are interested in multidimensional German lessons. It is a primary task of teachers, in addition to expanding foreign language vocabulary, to develop all the necessary skills of their learners in the process of acquiring foreign languages. In addition to the areas mentioned, the article also focuses on an important didactic phenomenon - the language mistakes. The teachers should be able to recognize statements made by their students and to detect their mistakes.

Learning from serosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to inform pandemic preparedness and response

Learning from serosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to inform pandemic preparedness and response

Communicating Agriculture AI Technologies: How American Agricultural Producers’ Perception of Trustworthiness, Risk Perception, and Emotion Affect Their Likelihood of Adopting Artificial Intelligence in Food Systems

ABSTRACT The recent decade has witnessed a rise in novel agriculture AI technologies in the USA to improve productivity and sustainability in food systems. However, there lacks scholarship that investigates how agricultural producers, one of the most important stakeholders in this technological development, perceive the risks of and their trustworthiness in these emerging technologies. We addressed this knowledge gap by surveying a diverse producer population across the United States (N = 132). We found a positive association between producers’ trustworthiness and their likelihood of adopting certain emerging technologies. Moreover, the more these producers feel a technology is worth the various costs, the higher likelihood they will adopt the technology. These findings provide practical lessons for how to communicate novel food production technologies to this crucial stakeholder and how to implement a user-centered technology design.

Implementing health-promoting activities in diverse primary school contexts in the Netherlands: practical lessons learnt

PurposeTo gain insight into factors enhancing or obstructing implementation in various school-settings, which is vital for widespread dissemination and sustainable integration of school-based health-promoting interventions.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods multisite comparative case study to investigate (factors influencing) the implementation of health-promoting activities in twelve Dutch primary schools. Data were collected during three school years (2019–2022) through observations, questionnaires and interviews.FindingsThe project resulted in the implementation of small, incidental activities. Important reasons for the limited implementation were lack of commitment and bottom-up involvement. School directors and teachers were not involved early on in the project, which limited project support and commitment. On school level, directors largely carried project responsibility themselves, hindering project sustainability and integration. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) made that schools had difficulties forming long-term visions and plans. Other observed barriers included limited perceived necessity to change, high workload and high staff turnover. Important facilitators were the presence of a process coordinator and sharing experiences from other schools.Originality/valueThis research provided valuable insights into (factors influencing) the implementation of health-promoting initiatives in diverse, real-world school contexts. More extensive support is needed to create commitment, bottom-up involvement and a project vision. Furthermore, empowering in-school champions and/or school-wide project groups is desirable to decrease schools' dependence on long-term external support. The findings can be used by various stakeholders throughout development, adoption and implementation and can facilitate widespread dissemination and sustainable integration of school-based health-promoting interventions.

Palliation, end of life care and ventilation withdrawal in neuromuscular disorders.

The role of palliative care in the support of patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) is generally recognised in spite of the scarcity of condition-specific evidence in the literature. We have focussed specifically on palliative and end-of-life care for patients whose neuromuscular disease has an impact on their respiratory function. Reviewing the literature, we have examined where existing palliative care knowledge can be applied to the specific challenges faced by patients with NMDs, identifying where lessons learnt during the management of one condition may need to be judiciously applied to others. We highlight lessons for clinical practice centring on six themes: management of complex symptoms; crisis support; relief of caregiver strain; coordination of care; advance care planning; and end of life care. The principles of palliative care are well suited to addressing the complex needs of patients with NMDs and should be considered early in the course of illness rather than limited to care at the end of life. Embedding relationships with specialist palliative care services as part of the wider neuromuscular multidisciplinary team can facilitate staff education and ensure timely referral when more complex palliative care problems arise.