Pr Ratios Research Articles

Penilaian Kesehatan Bank (Studi Pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. Tahun 2016- 2019)

This study aims to determine the financial health of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk from four aspects in RGEC which is Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The main data of this study comes from the Annual Report of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. from 2016 to 2019, the so-called secondary data were analyzed using the RGEC method. The results showed that in the period 2016-2019, the risk profile aspect of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia with the NPF and FDR Indicator on average is in a healthy financial condition, but the CR indicator showed unhealthy financial conditions. The GCG aspect using self-assessment showed a fairly healthy financial condition, the earnings aspect. with NOM, ROA and average ROE showed unhealthy financial conditions, as well as the capital aspect with average CAR and PR ratios is in very healthy financial conditions.

The Effect of Protelos Content on the Physicochemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Gelatin-Based Scaffolds

Introduction: Protelos (Pr) is a drug treatment for osteoporosis which reduces the risk of broken bones. The drug is unusual in that it both increases the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts and reduces the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. In this study, the effect of different amounts of Pr on the properties of gelatin-based scaffolds has been investigated. Materials and Methods: Halloysite nanotube (HNT) was used to control the release of Pr, while the HNT: Pr ratios changed. (2:1 (0.5-GHPr) and 1: 2 (2-GHPr)). For characterization of the scaffolds, the morphology, structure, mechanical behavior, and release behavior of this nanocomposite scaffold were studied. Also, cellular studies such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition of the nanocomposite scaffolds were investigated. Results: As a result, it can be stated that the 2-GHPr nanocomposite scaffold showed the best osteogenesis and release behavior between prepared scaffolds. In the case of mechanical properties, also 2-GHPr scaffolds had the best mechanical strength and modulus. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be mentioned that 2-GHPr composite scaffolds are a good choice in bone tissue engineering (TE).

Phase evolution and reactivity of Pr2NiO4+δ and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ composites under solid oxide cell sintering and operation temperatures

In developing a new compositae air electrode for Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) it is essential to fully understand the phase chemistry of all components. Ruddlesden-Popper type electrodes such as Pr2NiO4+δ have previously been proposed as attractive alternatives to conventional La0·6Sr0·4Fe0·8Co0·2O3-δ/Ce1-xGdxO2-δ compositae air electrodes for both fuel cell and electrolyser modes of operation. However, Pr2NiO4+δ have been shown to have limited stability, reacting with a Ce1-xGdxO2-δ interlayer to form a Ce1-x-yGdxPryO2-δ (CGPO) phase of unknown stoichiometry. Additionally, Pr2NiO4+δ are known to decompose to Pr4Ni3O10 ± δ under certain conditions.In this work detailed understanding of the chemical reaction between Pr2NiO4+δ and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO10) under normal solid oxide cell fabrication and operating temperatures was obtained, identifying the composition of the resulting CGPO phase reaction products. It is shown that, in addition to the unreacted CGO10 present after sintering the compositae at 1100 °C for up to 12 h, a series of CGPO chemical compositions were formed with various Ce, Gd and Pr ratios depending on the relative distance of the doped ceria phases from the Pr2NiO4+δ phases. The extent of the chemical reaction was found to depend on the sintering time and the contact area of the two phases. Further thermal treatment of the resulting products under SOC air electrode operating temperature (800 °C) resulted in the initiation of Pr2NiO4+δ decomposition, forming Pr4Ni3O10 ± δ and Pr6O11 with no detectable change in the composition of previously formed Pr-substituted ceria phases. It is apparent that the Pr2NiO4+δ/CGO10 compositae is unsuitable as an air electrode, but there is evidence that the decomposition products, Pr4Ni3O10 ± δ and Ce1-x-yGdxPryO2-δ are stable and suitable candidates for SOC electrodes.

Tb3+/Pr3+ co-doped ZnMoO4 phosphor with tunable photoluminescence and energy transfer processes

ZnMoO4:Tb3+, Pr3+ particles in different Tb:Pr ratios (2:0, 1.5:0.5, 1:1, 0.5:1.5 and 0:2) were synthesized by the sonochemical method. These materials were characterized structurally, morphologically and optically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). From studying the photoluminescent properties, the PL spectra presented 5D4 → 7Fj (j = 6, 5, 4 and 3) transitions bands of Tb3+, along with the transitions 3P0 → 3H5, 1D2 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3H6 and 3P0 → 3F3 of Pr3+. Time resolved photoluminescence was investigated and an energy transfer (n) mechanism between the matrix and the Tb3+ and Pr3+ ions is simultaneously proposed for better understanding the process efficiency. Parallel to this perspective, the photocatalytic behavior of ZnMoO4:Tb3+, Pr3+ was evaluated. The degradation of methylene blue dye was favored by the effect of increasing the Pr3+concentration. This work deals with the development of inorganic phosphor materials capable of converting UV radiation into light-emitting diode, which can be suitably combined to produce white light.

Short-chain fatty acids and inulin, but not guar gum, prevent diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through differential mechanisms in mice

The role of dietary fibre and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in obesity development is controversially discussed. Here, we investigated how various types of dietary fibre and different SCFA ratios affect metabolic syndrome-related disorders. Male mice (B6) were fed high-fat diets supplemented with dietary fibres (either cellulose, inulin or guar gum) or different Ac:Pr ratios (high acetate (HAc) or propionate (HPr)) for 30 weeks. Body-fat gain and insulin resistance were greatly reduced by inulin, but not by guar gum, and completely prevented by SCFA supplementation. Only inulin and HAc increased body temperature, possibly by the induction of beige/browning markers in WAT. In addition, inulin and SCFA lowered hepatic triglycerides and improved insulin sensitivity. Both, inulin and HAc reduced hepatic fatty acid uptake, while only inulin enhanced mitochondrial capacity and only HAc suppressed lipogenesis in liver. Interestingly, HPr was accompanied by the induction of Nrg4 in BAT. Fermentable fibre supplementation increased the abundance of bifidobacteria; B. animalis was particularly stimulated by inulin and B. pseudolongum by guar gum. We conclude that in contrast to guar gum, inulin and SCFA prevent the onset of diet-induced weight gain and hepatic steatosis by different mechanisms on liver and adipose tissue metabolism.

Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obesity.

1ScopeThe SCFA acetate (Ac) and propionate (Pr) are major fermentation products of dietary fibers and provide additional energy to the host. We investigated short‐ and long‐term effects of dietary Ac and Pr supplementation on diet‐induced obesity and hepatic lipid metabolism.2Methods and resultsC3H/HeOuJ mice received high‐fat (HF) diets supplemented with 5% SCFA in different Ac:Pr ratios, a high acetate (HF‐HAc; 2.5:1 Ac:Pr) or high Pr ratio (HF‐HPr; 1:2.5 Ac:Pr) for 6 or 22 weeks. Control diets (low‐fat (LF), HF) contained no SCFA. SCFA did not affect body composition but reduced hepatic gene and protein expression of lipogenic enzymes leading to a reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration after 22 weeks in HF‐HPr mice. Analysis of long‐chain fatty acid composition (liver and plasma phospholipids) showed that supplementation of both ratios led to a lower ω6:ω3 ratio. Pr directly led to increased odd‐chain fatty acid (C15:0, C17:0) formation as confirmed in vitro using HepG2 cells. Remarkably, plasma C15:0 was correlated with the attenuation of HF diet‐induced insulin resistance.3ConclusionDependent on the Ac:Pr ratio, especially odd‐chain fatty acid formation and insulin sensitivity are differentially affected, indicating the importance of Pr.

PrxBa1-xCoO3 Oxide Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solutions by Chemical Solution Deposition

Perovskite PrxBa1-xCoO3 (PBCO) thin film electrodes were used in a water splitting electrolysis cell for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and studied by cyclic voltammetry. We systematically varied the composition of the PBCO deposited by spin-coating using different Ba to Pr ratios. The influence of Pr-content in the perovskite on catalytic OER activity is discussed for two different substrates, namely platinized Si and laser polished Ti. The crystallographic structure of the thin films and the oxidation state of the metal ions in the perovskite is examined by XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, we propose a laser-polishing process of the Ti substrates as alternative to the classical surface treatment, providing smooth and homogeneous surfaces. Accelerated life time tests have shown the advantage of the catalytically active films deposited on laser polished Ti substrates.

Various remote sensing approaches to understanding roughness in the marginal ice zone

Multi-platform based measurement approaches to understanding complex marginal ice zone (MIZ) are suggested in this paper. Physical roughness measurements using ship- and helicopter-based laser systems combined with ship-based active microwave backscattering (C-band polarimetric coherences) and dual-polarized passive microwave emission (polarization ratio, PR and spectral gradient ratios, GR at 37 and 89GHz) are presented to study diverse sea ice types found in the MIZ. Autocorrelation functions are investigated for different sea ice roughness types. Small-scale roughness classes were discriminated using data from a ship-based laser profiler. The polarimetric coherence parameter ρHHVH, is not found to exhibit any observable sensitivity to the surface roughness for all incidence angles. Rubble-ridges, pancake ice, snow-covered frost flowers, and dense frost flowers exhibit separable signatures using GR-H and GR-V at >70° incidence angles. This paper diagnosed changes in sea ice roughness on a spatial scale of ∼0.1–4000m and on a temporal scale of ∼1–240days (ice freeze-up to summer melt). The coupling of MIZ wave roughness and aerodynamic roughness in conjunction with microwave emission and backscattering are future avenues of research. Additionally, the integration of various datasets into thermodynamic evolution model of sea ice will open pathways to successful development of inversion models of MIZ behavior.

Praseodymium Incorporated AlPO-5 Molecular Sieves for Aerobic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene

PrAlPO-5 with (Al + P)/Pr ratios of 25, 50, 75 and 100 molecular sieves were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. These molecular sieves were characterised using XPS, TPD-NH3, ex-situ pyridine adsorbed IR, TPR, TGA, 27Al and 31P MAS-NMR and ESR studies. The incorporation of praseodymium in the framework of AlPO-5 was confirmed by XRD, DRS UV-vis and 27Al and 31P MAS-NMR analysis. ESR spectrum showed the presence of adsorbed oxygen. The nature and strength of acid sites were identified by ex-situ pyridine adsorbed IR and TPD-NH3. The BET surface area was found to be in the range of 238-272 m2 g(-1). The catalytic activity of the molecular sieves was tested for the liquid phase aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene. Acetophenone was found to be the major product with more than 90% ethylbenzene conversion. ICP-OES analysis revealed the presence of praseodymium intact in the framework of AlPO-5 up to five cycles.

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Reply

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Reply

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Discussion

We wish to add our opinion to the recent discussion of the middle distillate degradation (MDD) model ([Hurst and Schmidt, 2005][1]) in this journal ([Oudijk, 2007][2]; [Hurst and Schmidt, 2007][3]). The MDD model was proposed as an extension of the [Christensen and Larsen (1993)][4] method, which,

MICROBIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN VARIABLE RESOURCE ENVIRONMENTS

The rate, timing, and quality of resource supply exert strong controls on a wide range of ecological processes. In particular, resource-mediated changes in microbial activity have the potential to alter ecosystem processes, including the production and respiration of organic matter. In this study, we used field experiments and simulation modeling to explore how aquatic heterotrophic bacteria respond to variation in resource quality (low vs. high) and resource schedule (pulse vs. press). Field experiments revealed that one-time pulse additions of resources in the form of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) caused short-lived (< or =48 h) peaks in bacterial productivity (BP), which translated into large differences across treatments: cumulative BP was twice as high in the pulse vs. press treatment under low resource quality, and five times as high under high resource quality. To gain a more mechanistic understanding of microbial productivity in variable resource environments, we constructed a mathematical model to explore the attributes of bacterial physiology and DOC supply that might explain the patterns observed in our field experiments. Model results suggest that the mobilization rate of refractory to labile carbon, an index of resource quality, was critical in determining cumulative differences in BP between pulse and press resource environments (BPPu:Pr ratios). Moreover, BPPu:Pr ratios were substantially larger when our model allowed for realistic changes in bacterial growth efficiency as a function of bacterial carbon consumption. Together, our field and modeling results imply that resource schedule is important in determining the flow of material and energy from microbes to higher trophic levels in aquatic food webs, and that the effects of resource quality are conditional upon resource schedule. An improved understanding of the effects of resource variability on microorganisms is therefore critical for predicting potential changes in ecosystem functioning in response to environmental change, such as altered DOC fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems.

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Discussion

Hurst and Schmidt (2005) report that they have refined a method first advanced by Christensen and Larsen (1993) and can pinpoint the age of diesel-fuel or crude-oil releases to ±1.5 yr. The work that they have completed is commendable and hopefully will be useful to investigators in the field. Despite their findings showing a successful use of the Christensen and Larsen (C&L) method, I point out some drawbacks that were not discussed in their article and could be useful information to Environmental Geosciences readers. Hurst and Schmidt do admit that there are limitations to this method, and site-specific considerations must be taken into account, but I feel that these limitations were not sufficiently elucidated in their article. The C&L method essentially assumes that the ratio of the n-C17 alkane (heptadecane) to pristane (n-C17/Pr) found in soil (and possibly separate-phase) samples has a linear relationship to the petroleum age. The n-C17/Pr ratio has been used for several decades …

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Reply

Age significance of n-C17/Pr ratios in forensic investigations of refined product and crude oil releases: Reply

Structural characterization and 90° domain contribution to ferroelectricity of epitaxial Pb(Zr0.35,Ti0.65)O3 thin films

Remanent polarizations (Pr) of 200-nm-thick epitaxial Pb(Zr0.35,Ti0.65)O3 (PZT) thin films deposited on (001), (110), and (111) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates coated with SrRuO3 (SRO) were compared to the domain configurations that were precisely and quantitatively characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (HRXRD-RSM). (001)/(100), (101)/(110), and (111) oriented domains were obtained for films grown on (001), (110), and (111) STO substrates coated with SRO, respectively. HRXRD-RSM showed that the films grown on (001) and (110) STO substrates mainly consisted of (001) and (101) domains, although they also included about 32% and 25% of (100) and (110) domain, respectively. Tilt growths in the domains were found except for the (001) domain. The tilt growths in the (100), (101), and (110) domains were attributed to the geometrically induced tilt by the 90° domain that had {101} domain walls. On the other hand, the tilt in the (111) domain was attributed to the misfit strain relaxation by introducing tilt growth in the domain but not due to the 90° domain. The Pr ratios of films having different domain configurations were well explained by the estimated Pr ratios from the volume fractions of the domains, based on the assumption that the 90° domain was not reoriented by the externally applied electrical field and did not contribute to the measured Pr values. This indicates that the 90° domain is strongly pinned in epitaxial 200-nm-thick PZT films and the 180° domain switching is the dominant contribution to the total remanent polarization.

Coercivity mechanism in nanophase (Nd–Pr)–Fe–B melt spun alloys

The nucleation mechanism to predict coercivity values in melt-spun exchange-coupled (Nd 1− x Pr x ) y Fe 94− y B 6 alloys for various Nd:Pr ratios x, and Fe:RE ratios y, was tested using the dependence of the anisotropy constant K 1 on Pr content x for the minimum nucleation field H N min in the modified Brown's equation. Very good agreement was found between experimental data and theoretical values, confirming the predominance of the nucleation of reverse domains over the wall pinning process in the coercivity mechanism of melt spun REFeB alloys.

Allergenic proteins are fragmented in low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite.

To facilitate allergen removal from indoor environments, it would be helpful to have household cleaning products that modified allergenic activity. Because NaOCl dissolves proteins in high concentrations and is both capable of killing bacteria and viruses and inactivating viral antigens at somewhat lower concentrations, we explored its effects on Mus m 1 and other indoor allergens. To examine the ability of NaOCl to reduce the allergenicity of Mus m 1 and other indoor allergens. Using purified mouse urinary allergen, we examined the effect on protein measured by Coomassie protein assay and on Mus m 1 measured by ELISA. We also examined the effects using SDS/PAGE and Western blots probed with sheep anti-Mus m 1 and with allergic human serum. When NaOCl and Mus m 1 were combined in a molar ratio of 100 : 1, IgE binding to Mus m 1 on Western blot was significantly reduced. At higher NaOCl concentrations the protein appeared to fragment and eventually became undetectable. Fragmentation appeared to be random in that peptides of a wide range of apparent molecular weight were produced. The reaction was complete within 1-2 min at OCl : pr ratios of greater than 200 : 1 and was optimal at pH 7.4. Immunological activity of other allergens (Fel d 1, Bla g 1, Der p 1) was decreased in vitro and dried allergen extracts were removed from surfaces. Adding an extraneous protein, BSA, to NaOCl:Mus m 1 solutions decreased the effect of NaOCl on the allergen. We concluded that NaOCl at concentrations commonly used in household products is capable of dramatically affecting allergenic protein.

Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline didymium (Nd–Pr)–Fe–B alloys

The initial results of a systematic study of the effects of Nd:Pr ratio and Fe:didymium (where didymium is a mixture of Nd and Pr) ratio on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline melt spun didymium–Fe–B alloys are presented and discussed. The stoichiometric composition, corresponding to didymium2Fe14B, with Nd:Pr ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 and the alloy series didymiumy Fe94−yB6, with y=8, 10, 12, and 14 at % were investigated. Enhancement of remanence and energy product was observed for all compositions studied, arising from intergrain exchange coupling between the RE2Fe14B crystallites (generally having a mean diameter ∼40 nm) and, for the off-stoichiometric alloys, also between the RE2Fe14B and α-Fe grains. An excellent combination of (BH)max(185 kJ m−3) and intrinsic coercivity (810 kA/m) was observed for the (Pr0.75Nd0.25)2Fe14B alloy.

Mixed crystal phases in the system CeO 2-PrO x

Ceria and praseodymia form homogeneous crystalline phases when mixed or coprecipitated and heated to 1000 °C. Several series of such phases with various Ce:Pr ratios were equilibrated at 400 °C under various pressures of oxygen. From the chemical and X-ray analyses of these mixed oxide samples it can be concluded that the presence of cerium dioxide favours the formation of tetravalent rather than trivalent praseodymium.