PPP Mode Research Articles

A risk sharing model for old community renewal project based on bargaining game model

To ensure the successful implementation of the old community renewal project (OCRP), it is essential for the participants to allocate the project risks reasonably. Firstly, this study comprehensively identifies the 20 key risk factors of the OCRP. Secondly, an index system is established from three dimensions to evaluate the risk allocation ability of participants, including a total of nine evaluation indexes. Furthermore, a risk-sharing model based on TOPSIS method and bargaining game model is proposed to determine the optimal risk bearer and risk-taking ratio between the government and the private sector in OCRP. Finally, an OCRP in Chongqing is taken as a case study to verify the applicability of the developed model. The results indicate that in OCRP under PPP mode, the government need to independently bear 7 risks related to politics, law, policy, while the private sector needs to independently bear 8 risks mainly from project financing, design, construction, operation, and maintenance stages. In addition, the risk-taking ratios of 5 risks that require both parties to share are divided. The research findings provide references for ensuring the smooth implementation of urban renewal and sustainable development.

Game analysis on PPP model operation of abandoned mines ecological restoration under the innovation of central government's reward and punishment system in China.

There is a huge funding gap in the abandoned mines ecological restoration in China. It is of great research value to explore how PPP model can better introduce social capital into the low-profit ecological restoration of abandoned mines. Based on the innovation perspective of the central government's reward and punishment system, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of "local government-social capital", analyzes the interaction and behavior mechanism of core stakeholders in the operation process of abandoned mines ecological restoration PPP mode, and discusses the influence of evolutionary equilibrium strategy and parameters change on evolutionary strategy under different scenarios by Matlab simulation. The research shows that the abandoned mines ecological restoration needs the support of the central government. When the local government lightly punishes the low-quality service of social capital, the central government needs to pay higher costs to promote all parties to actively participate in the operation and supervision of the PPP project. The revenue and cost of government supervision, the operating subsidy for social capital and the cost saved by social capital in providing bad service are the key factors affecting the evolution of the game between government and social capital. Punishment can effectively spur social capital to keep the contract and operate in the project, but the punishment effect will be ineffective without government supervision. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as establishing a long-term supervision mechanism and a reasonable income mechanism for PPP projects, increasing penalties for violations, attracting third parties to reduce supervision costs and strengthening communication between the two parties, so as to make the project take into account the economic performance of social capital and the social welfare of government departments, and achieve dual Pareto improvement.

Based on BIM intelligent technology and IPD collaborative management model applied to characteristic towns with PPP mode

The recent development of characteristic towns has encountered a multitude of challenges and chaos. Nevertheless, there have been many instances of information asymmetry due to the absence of an effective management model and an intuitive digital management system. Consequently, this has caused the erosion of public interests and inadequate supervision by public agencies. As society is progressing at a rapid pace, there is a growing apprehension regarding poor management synergy, outdated management practices, and limited use of technology in traditional construction projects. In today's technologically sophisticated society characterized by the “Internet+” and intelligent management, there is an urgent requirement to identify a more efficient collaborative management model, thereby reducing errors caused by information asymmetry. This paper focuses on the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and integrated project delivery (IPD) for collaborative management within characteristic towns in the PPP mode. By analyzing the available literature on the application status, this study investigates the implementation methods and framework construction of collaborative management while exploring the advantages and disadvantages. On this basis, this study highlights the problems that arise and provides recommendations for improvement. Considering this, the application of the BIM-based IPD model to characteristic towns in PPP mode will enhance the effectiveness of collaborative management among all parties involved, thereby fostering an environment that facilitates decision-making and operational management in the promotion of characteristic industries.

Индикация влияния повышенной турбулентной активности в тропосфере на фазовые измерения радиосигналов ГНСС на примере урагана Надя

The authors examine the impact of Nadia Hurricane, 2022, January, 29–30, over the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on phase measurements of permanent GNSS stations. For this purpose, the data were processed in PPP mode from 10 objects located in Poland and the Kaliningrad oblast of the Russian Federation. As a result, residuals were obtained, from which the contribution of multipath, ephemeris errors and those, in clock corrections of navigation satellites, were subtracted. It was found out that the standard deviation of cleaned residuals is a weak indicator of increased turbulent activity caused by the hurricane. However, simple counting the total daily number of large cleaned residuals, normalized to the zenith direction can be an effective indicator for identifying periods of high tropospheric turbulence. It can be used both for remote sensing of rapidly developing weather processes, and in interpreting data from permanently operating satellite geodetic monitoring stations of particularly dangerous and technically complex objects

Carbon Sink Trading Platform Mechanism of PPP Mode of Landscape Architecture Project Based on Carbon Neutralization Concept

In the context of globalization and environmental changes caused by climate change, countries have been actively investing in promoting carbon reduction systems. Currently, under the dual carbon policy, achieving carbon neutrality and carbon compliance require different strategies. Among them, for the carbon neutrality goal, the carbon sink function of landscape architecture plays a very important role in the carbon trading platform with the introduction of the PPP model. In this study, the relationship between carbon sink and enterprise carbon trading of PPP mode landscape architecture project. It is found that the carbon trading platform plays a key role in the landscape architecture carbon sink project, reduces greenhouse gas emissions through market-based means, achieves the transaction of carbon emission rights and enterprise investment, and at the same time, for landscape architects, helping achieve carbon neutrality is a very important and urgent responsibility and mission.

Risk Mechanism Analysis of Rural Infrastructure Investment PPP Model and Prevention Path Selection

In view of the frequent risk problems in the current PPP mode of rural infrastructure investment, this paper discusses the mechanism of risk generation from four aspects: environment, contract, behavior, ability and cognitive factors, and puts forward risk prevention paths, including establishing and improving institutional guarantee, decision-making mechanism, dynamic risk adjustment mechanism, dynamic incentive measures, supervision and risk monitoring system.

Wellness Sector in Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand has developed vast infrastructure for Ayush as there is 272 Ayurvedic and Unani pharmacies, 549 State Ayurvedic and Unani Clinics, 206 Ayush Wing established in the Allopathic Hospitals. 183 Ayush Wings being operated under National Rural Health Mission, 90 MOCH at PHC Medical Officer Community Health, 10 Ayurvedic Centres available for development and operation on PPP mode

Research Progress of PPP in Highway Project Financing

The PPP mode has an important position in the financing of highway projects in China. This paper first summarizes the definition of the PPP mode and its common features, then analyses the development status of the mode in China in the light of statistical data and the unique advantages of the PPP mode in highway financing. Finally, on the basis of previous scholarly research, new problems that need to be solved in the Post-PPP era are proposed and specific countermeasures are given to provide a reference for the further development of the PPP mode in the financing of highway projects in China.

Risk Assessment of Mining Heritage Reuse in Public–Private-Partnership Mode Based on Improved Matter–Element Extension Model

With the development and utilization of resources, mineral-resource cities face the dilemma of resource depletion, the environmental restoration of mines, and industrial transformation. Reusing their mining heritage is a good way for these cities to change their mono-industrial structure and vigorously develop successor industries. Due to the complexity of reusing mining heritage, introducing the “Public–Private-Partnership” (PPP) mode can be a good solution to the problems of the government’s mining heritage reuse, such as large capital investment and a long construction-cycle time. To accurately classify the risk of reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode, 26 indicators are selected to construct the evaluation index system of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode based on five aspects: social capital-side, contractor-side, government-side, civilian-side, and the natural environment. The path coefficients of the structural equation model are used to calculate the weights of the indicators. The improved matter–element extension model is constructed to evaluate the reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode. The Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is the object of research for applying the model. The results show that the risk evaluation index system combines the risk factors from the stakeholders’ perspective. The risk-evaluation model of the mining heritage reuse PPP project is constructed based on the combination of the improved matter–element extension model, the calculation of the asymmetric closeness, and the structural equation modeling method, which solves the drawbacks of the traditional model, such as the difficulty of determining the weights of the indicators, the incomplete scope of the material element domains, and the poor calculation of the comprehensive correlation degree. The case analysis shows that the risk level of the Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is Level II. This aligns with the actual situation and verifies the feasibility of the risk-evaluation model applied to the actual project. The research in this paper fills the gap in the risk model of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode, enriches the theoretical system of risk evaluation of mining heritage reuse projects, and provides reference significance for similar mining heritage development projects in the future.

Risk identification of PPP mode in stadiums and gymnasiums by ant colony algorithm

Risk identification of PPP mode in stadiums and gymnasiums by ant colony algorithm

Present-Day Crustal Velocity Field in Ecuador from cGPS Position Time Series

The present study analyzes the GNSS time series obtained between the years 2017 and 2022 for the calculation of absolute and residual rates of Ecuador in 10 stations (ABEC, CUEC, ECEC, EPEC, FOEC, GZEC, MUEC, PLEC, RIOP, SEEC, TPC) of the continuous monitoring REGME network. Considering that the latest studies refer to periods 2012-2014 and Ecuador is located in an area of high seismic activity, it is important to update the GNSS rates. The RINEX data were provided by the Military Geographic Institute of Ecuador, the governing institution of geoinformation in that country; for processing, GipsyX scientific software was used with a PPP mode, considering 24 h sessions, and high precision was achieved. For the analysis of time series, the SARI platform was used. The series was modeled using a least-squares adjustment, which delivered the velocities for each station in the three local topocentric components. The results were contrasted with other studies, obtaining interesting conclusions as the presence of abnormal post-seismic rates stands out due to the high rate of seismic occurrence in Ecuador, and reaffirms the idea of a constant update of velocities for the Ecuadorian territory and the inclusion of the stochastic factor in the analysis of GNSS time series, since it can affect the ability to obtain the final GNSS velocities.

Research on Risk Issues under PPP Mode

The PPP mode is a new type of project financing model and a new type of partnership between the public sector and the private sector. This paper starts with three aspects of risk analysis: risk identification, risk control and risk allocation, and conducts an in-depth study of the PPP mode. . Using the risk distribution utility model and the risk game model, the risk problems in the operation of the PPP mode are analyzed.

Research on Risk Issues under PPP Mode

The PPP mode is a new type of project financing model and a new type of partnership between the public sector and the private sector. This paper starts with three aspects of risk analysis: risk identification, risk control and risk allocation, and conducts an in-depth study of the PPP mode. . Using the risk distribution utility model and the risk game model, the risk problems in the operation of the PPP mode are analyzed.

Risk Identification and Assessment of PPP Forestry Projects in China Using a Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Approach

At present, the Chinese government is vigorously promoting the use of PPP mode to attract social capital and financial capital into the field of forestry, including ecological construction, protection and utilization, which is of great significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the development of both the economy and the society. Because the financing, organization, implementation and environmental factors of PPP forestry projects are relatively complicated, there are certain risks for both the government and social capital. In order to evaluate the risks of China's forestry projects for the government and social capital, 43 risk factors were identified and divided into 4 groups based on Delphi method and questionnaire survey. 23 key risk factors were selected according to the standardized values. Then, the probability of occurrence (PO), impact size (IS) and overall risk level (ORL) of each key factor were determined by fuzzy synthetic evaluation(FSE) method, and each KRF, KRG and overall risk level (ORL) were calculated. Based on the results, "Government Decision Risk" in KRF was the most critical risk factor, and KRG "Financial Risk" was the most critical risk factor group. Overall, fuzzy comprehensive results showed that the ORL of China's forestry PPP project is relatively high. According to the analysis results, countermeasures were put forward. The research results could provide reference for all participants in PPP forestry projects to make decisions, and formulate a comprehensive risk management plan to use limited resources. In addition, this study could expand professional knowledge and enrich relevant results.

Discussion on Key Points of Highway Engineering Cost Control Based on PPP Mode

Discussion on Key Points of Highway Engineering Cost Control Based on PPP Mode

Initial assessment of BDS-3 precise point positioning service on GEO B2b signal

The China BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has started to provide free and open precise positioning services to users in China and surrounding areas since Jul 2020 on the GEO B2b signal. The initial assessment of BDS-3 PPP-B2b products and the PPP performance over a period of near five months from Jul 26, 2020 to Dec 19, 2020 was carried out in this work. Taking the GBM products as a reference, the average signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE) of the disseminated orbit and clock products is approximately 82.3 cm (RMS) and 3.9 cm (STD) for BDS-3 satellites, and about 135.8 cm (RMS) and 7.5 cm (STD) for GPS. The average positioning error RMS at six permanent stations in China is about 2.1 (1.8) and 2.6 (2.1) cm in the horizontal and vertical components respectively for BDS-only (BDS + GPS) static PPP. In the kinematic PPP mode, the average positioning error (95%) at the same six stations is about 21.5 (15.2) and 33.4 (30.3) cm in the horizontal and vertical component respectively for BDS-only (BDS + GPS), with an average convergence time of 17.4 (16.2) min. In addition, two vehicle-based kinematic PPP tests show average position error (95%) of about 23.5 (18.6) and 48.8 (37.1) cm in horizontal and vertical respectively, and an average convergence time of 10.4 (14.2) min for BDS-only (BDS + GPS) PPP. The assessment results are overall in accordance with the official claim of centimeter-level in static mode and decimeter-level in kinematic mode from BDS-3 PPP service.

Research on the Integration of PPP Mode into China s Rural Public Infrastructure Construction: Based on the literature review method

In recent years, all parts of China have actually launched PPP projects based on their own regions. Practice shows that this project works well and plays an important role in promoting rural construction. However, there is no systematic research on the specific role of PPP model in promoting rural revitalization and development, and the research results are limited and scattered. In view of this, the author explores the role of PPP model in promoting the construction of rural public infrastructure based on the course knowledge and literature review. In the specific research, firstly, the research achievements of the academic circles around PPP mode are sorted out; Then, combining with China s own reality, it explores the role and influence of PPP model in promoting rural construction. Finally, on the basis of the existing research, the problems of PPP model in promoting rural construction in China are summed up, and some policy suggestions on how to solve these problems are put forward. This research is of great enlightenment and reference significance to the application of PPP mode in China and its practice in rural areas.

Research on the Difference between PPP Mode and Traditional Bidding and Its Bidding Method

Research on the Difference between PPP Mode and Traditional Bidding and Its Bidding Method

PPP Mode of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Project Based on BP Neural Network

PPP Mode of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Project Based on BP Neural Network

Research on the Management of Highway Engineering Cost under PPP Mode

Research on the Management of Highway Engineering Cost under PPP Mode