Powerful Contributor Research Articles

The underlying factors of foreign language reading anxiety: Their effects on strategy use and orientation toward reading

Both positive and negative emotions have been the focus of a wealth of language learning research in recent years. This can mostly be attributed to the established links between an individual’s psychological responses, existing and emerging from learning, the learning processes they engage in, and the outcomes they achieve. A look at advanced research on language anxiety, a negative emotion that appears to be strongly involved in learning, has shown that specific information about reading anxiety is comparatively insufficient. This study, therefore, examines the underlying factors of reading anxiety in Korean university students, using the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale. Subsequently, it explores how these anxiety factors are related to strategy use (i.e., metacognitive, cognitive, and support strategies) and orientation toward reading, which demonstrates a reader’s active involvement while reading. Three sub-factors of reading anxiety were found: anxiety experienced during the process of reading English, confidence in reading, and anxiety when reading English characters. Interestingly, confidence or positive emotion was found to be a far more powerful positive contributor to Korean EFL university readers’ use of metacognitive strategies and the degree of orientation to reading than was anxiety experienced while reading. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

Sustainable Food Production: The Contribution of Genome Editing in Livestock

The growing demand for animal source foods to feed people has been pushing the livestock industry to increase productivity, a tendency that will continue throughout this century. The challenge for the coming years is to increase the food supply to ensure equity in access to high quality food, while maintaining global sustainability including combating climate change, avoiding deforestation, and conserving biodiversity, as well as ensuring animal health and welfare. The question is, how do we produce more with less? Classical methods to enhance livestock productivity based on the improvement of animal health, nutrition, genetics, reproductive technologies and management have made important contributions; however, this is not going to be enough and thus disruptive approaches are required. Genome editing with CRISPR may be a powerful contributor to global livestock transformation. This article is focused on the scope and perspectives for the application of this technology, which includes improving production traits, enhancing animal welfare through adaptation and resilience, conferring resistance to infectious diseases, and suppressing pests and invasive species that threaten livestock. The main advantages and concerns that should be overcome by science, policy and people are discussed with the aim that this technology can make a real contribution to our collective future. This review is part of the special issue “Genome Editing in Animal Systems to Support Sustainable Farming and Pest Control”.

Why Does Cognitive Training Yield Inconsistent Benefits? A Meta-Analysis of Individual Differences in Baseline Cognitive Abilities and Training Outcomes.

Despite growing interest in improving cognitive abilities across the lifespan through training, the benefits of cognitive training are inconsistent. One powerful contributor may be that individuals arrive at interventions with different baseline levels of the cognitive skill being trained. Some evidence suggests poor performers benefit the most from cognitive training, showing compensation for their weak abilities, while other evidence suggests that high performers benefit most, experiencing a magnification of their abilities. Whether training leads to compensation or magnification effects may depend upon the specific cognitive domain being trained (such as executive function or episodic memory) and the training approach implemented (strategy or process). To clarify the association between individual differences in baseline cognitive ability and training gains as well as potential moderators, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the correlation between these two variables. We found evidence of a significant meta-correlation demonstrating a compensatory effect, a negative association between initial ability on a trained cognitive process and training gains. Too few papers met our search criteria across the levels of proposed moderators of cognitive domain and training approach to conduct a reliable investigation of their influence over the meta-analytic effect size. We discuss the implications of a compensatory meta-correlation, potential reasons for the paucity of qualifying papers, and important future directions for better understanding how cognitive trainings work and for whom.

Prehospital ABC Score Accurately Forecasts Patients Who Will Require Immediate Resource Utilization.

Scoring systems, such as the Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) Score, are used to identify patients at risk for massive transfusion (MT, ≥10 U red blood cells in 24 hours). Our aeromedical transport helicopter uses ultrasound to perform the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) examination. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of the Prehospital ABC (PhABC) Score to predict blood transfusions and the need for emergent laparotomy. Post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study of trauma patients who underwent an in-flight FAST during aeromedical transport during a 7-month period. PhABC Score was positive if ≥2 of the following were present in flight: penetrating trauma, heart rate >120 bpm, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, or a positive abdominal FAST. The PhABC Score was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves and logistic regression. A total of 291 trauma patients met inclusion criteria, 23 underwent emergent laparotomy, and 12 received an MT. A positive PhABC Score predicted emergent laparotomy, with a positive predictive value of 48% and a negative predictive value of 95% (sensitivity 46%, specificity 96%, AUROC curve 0.83). A positive PhABC Score also predicted receipt of an MT with a positive predictive value of 28% and a negative predictive value of 94% (sensitivity 33%, specificity 93%, AUROC curve 0.77). Multiple logistic regression identified FAST as the most powerful contributor of the PhABC Score to the prediction of both emergent laparotomy (odds ratio 8.5, P < 0.001) and MT (odds ratio 5.9, P < 0.001). The PhABC Score effectively predicts in-hospital resource utilization. It provides an outstanding undertriage rate from the prehospital setting, and it is helpful to improve trauma team activation, mobilize blood products, and prepare the operating room.

Living Life as the Bachelor/ette: Contributions of Diverse Television Genres to Adolescents’ Acceptance of Gendered Sexual Scripts

ABSTRACT Gendered sexual scripts (GSS) reflect stereotypes about the gender-specific behaviors expected in romantic and sexual relationships. Television may be a powerful contributor to these scripts for adolescents because of its stereotypical portrayals and prominence in their lives. However, although television use is a consistent predictor of adults’ GSS, few studies have tested these relations among adolescents, especially U.S. adolescents, and most report null results. Across two studies, we sought to decipher these patterns, investigating whether U.S. adolescents’ regular exposure to diverse TV genres predicted their acceptance of GSS. In Study 1, we surveyed 574 adolescents aged 13–18, testing whether their viewing of three TV genres (scripted programming, reality TV, music videos) was associated with their support of GSS, as measured by four scales. In study 2, we surveyed a national sample of 398 adolescents, testing whether their viewing of four TV genres was associated with their support of GSS. For both studies, viewing of reality TV was associated with stronger support of each measure of GSS; there were few contributions of other genres. Gender moderated one interaction in each study, demonstrating stronger contributions for girls. Implications are discussed for media literacy programs and for teen dating abuse.

Working out: lockdown's lessons to increase physical activity

Open AccessWorking Out: Lockdown's Lessons to Increase Physical Activity Jon Patricios Robin T. Saggers Zaid Saeed Mosima Mabunda Deepak Patel Jon Patricios1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-4098 Search for more papers by this author Robin T. Saggers1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-8049 Search for more papers by this author Zaid Saeed2 Search for more papers by this author Mosima Mabunda2 Search for more papers by this author Deepak Patel2 Search for more papers by this author Affiliations 1University of the Witwatersrand 2Discovery Vitality Published Online:5 Nov 2021https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-wjcm-v3-n3-a9SectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favouritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditGMailHotmailYammer AboutAbstractRegular physical activity has been consistently shown to be a powerful contributor to good health, especially in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.(1) During the COVID-19 pandemic, the significant benefits of regular physical activity in also providing enhanced protection against communicable diseases have been highlighted.(2) These benefits arise from changes to a number of physiological parameters that improve immune response.(3) Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle has been closely associated with adverse health outcomes.(4) WHO guidelines recommend 150–300 min of moderate-intensity or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity weekly.(5) International medical insurance data during the COVID-19 pandemic shows significantly better prognosis in physically active people who contract COVID-19.(6) Unpublished South African data supports these findings. Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails None Volume 3, Issue 3 | Nov 2021 AffiliationWits University PressEnglishMedicine and HealthOpen AccessInternational JournalsLanguagesEnglish InformationCopyright © 2021, Wits University PressLicensesThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Disclosure The authors confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. The authors confirm that they have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. Ethical conduct of research The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. A signed informed consent document has been obtained from all participants included in the study.

BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL THROUGH INCLUSIVE BASKETBALL

The inclusive basketball program of the National Sports Academy is a compilation of adapted and unified basketball where persons with intellectual and physical disabilities together with students and volunteers are training and competing together. PURPOSE of this study is to explore the extent of contribution of our program for the building of social capital. The concept of social capital is drawn from psychology, sociology and economy. It is defined as controversial due to many theories and cultural diversity behind. METHODS: Participants in the study were all persons involved in the adapted basketball program. Data was collected using interviews, life-story techniques, field notes and tests batteries for basketball skills. RESULTS are showing improvement in personal development domain for the athletes with disabilities where sport specific skills, building trust and communications were the leading components. For the students in the same domain the leading components of improvement were attitudes and relationships. Positive change was found in the domains of social inclusion, micro-culture and participation. We also found that there is direct and indirect production of social capital. CONCLUSION: inclusive sport practice like our adapted basketball program could be considered as a powerful contributor to the building of social capital.

Contributions of Anthropometrics and Lifestyle to Blood Pressure in Japanese University Students : Investigation by Annual Health Screening.

Background : High blood pressure (BP) is a healthcare problem in young persons. There are racial differences in anthropometrics, dietary habit and lifestyle relating to BP. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between anthropometrics, lifestyle and BP obtained in the Japanese university students. Materials and Methods : Participants were recruited in annual health screening including questionnaire, measurements of BP and anthropometrics calculating body mass index (BMI). Totally, 14,280 students (10,273 males and 4,007 females) were eligible. Multiple regression analyses were applied to predict contributors to high BP. Results : BMI was the most powerful contributor to high BP in many subgroups divided by gender and graduation (p < 0.001). In lifestyle, contribution of lack of exercise to high BPs was observed in the undergraduates. Smoking, drinking and breakfast skipping had no significant impact on high BP. However, smoking and drinking permeated and exercise habit declined after graduation. Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg / m2) and hypertension ( ≥ 140 / 90 mmHg) increased in subgroups with advanced age (p < 0.001). Conclusion: BMI was found to be the most powerful contributor to high BPs. Health literacy to modify lifestyle is important to prevent hypertension for university students who are exposed to social trends of unhealthy lifestyle. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 174-181, February, 2020.

When students tackle grammatical problems: Exploring linguistic reasoning with linguistic metaconcepts in L1 grammar education

When teaching grammar, one of the biggest challenges teachers face is how to make their students achieve conceptual understanding. Some scholars have argued that metaconcepts from theoretical linguistics should be used to pedagogically and conceptually enrich traditional L1 grammar teaching, generating more opportunities for conceptual understanding. However, no empirical evidence exists to support this theoretical position. The current study is the first to explore the role of linguistic metaconcepts in the grammatical reasoning of university students of Dutch Language and Literature. Its goal was to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of students’ grammatical conceptual knowledge and reasoning and to investigate whether students’ reasoning benefits from an intervention that related linguistic metaconcepts to concepts from traditional grammar. Results indicate, among other things, that using explicit linguistic metaconcepts and explicit concepts from traditional grammar is a powerful contributor to the quality of students’ grammatical reasoning. Moreover, the intervention significantly improved students’ use of linguistic metaconcepts.

Humility, Forgiveness, and Love -- The Heart of Ethical Stewardship

The purpose of this paper is to identify the nature and importance of ethical stewardship as a powerful contributor to the trustworthiness of leaders – focusing on humility, forgiveness, and love as three leadership qualities that are at the heart of ethical stewardship. We begin by defining ethical stewardship and equating it with Six characteristics of personal trustworthiness. Following that introduction, we explain why humility, forgiveness, and love are vitally important leadership qualities essential to becoming an effective ethical steward and include six propositions relating those three qualities to ethical stewardship. We then offer six insights about humility, forgiveness, and love that can assist those who wish to improve their ability to become ethical stewards to improve their success. We conclude the paper with a challenge to leaders to adopt ethical stewardship as their leadership paradigm.

Contribution of the Lung to the Genesis of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in Heart Failure: Plant Gain Beyond Chemoreflex Gain and Circulation Time.

BackgroundThe contribution of the lung or the plant gain (PG; ie, change in blood gases per unit change in ventilation) to Cheyne‐Stokes respiration (CSR) in heart failure has only been hypothesized by mathematical models, but never been directly evaluated.Methods and ResultsTwenty patients with systolic heart failure (age, 72.4±6.4 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 31.5±5.8%), 10 with relevant CSR (24‐hour apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] ≥10 events/h) and 10 without (AHI <10 events/h) at 24‐hour cardiorespiratory monitoring underwent evaluation of chemoreflex gain (CG) to hypoxia (CGO2) and hypercapnia (CGCO2) by rebreathing technique, lung‐to‐finger circulation time, and PG assessment through a visual system. PG test was feasible and reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99); the best‐fitting curve to express the PG was a hyperbola (R 2≥0.98). Patients with CSR showed increased PG, CGCO2 (but not CGO2), and lung‐to‐finger circulation time, compared with patients without CSR (all P<0.05). PG was the only predictor of the daytime AHI (R=0.56, P=0.01) and together with the CGCO2 also predicted the nighttime AHI (R=0.81, P=0.0003) and the 24‐hour AHI (R=0.71, P=0.001). Lung‐to‐finger circulation time was the only predictor of CSR cycle length (R=0.82, P=0.00006).ConclusionsPG is a powerful contributor of CSR and should be evaluated together with the CG and circulation time to individualize treatments aimed at stabilizing breathing in heart failure.

CCS and the energy trilemma

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an emissions reduction technology that can be applied to all fuel sources for energy production (gas, coal and biofuel). In addition, it is the only available option to reduce emissions from industrial processes. It has enormous potential for global impact by capturing more than 90% of CO2 and other emissions from power plants and industry. It is recognised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as a critical tool in the move to a low‐emission future.

The case for paracoccidioidomycosis to be accepted as a neglected tropical (fungal) disease.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) neglected tropical disease (NTD) portfolio is a diverse group of diseases with profound impacts on affected populations. The diseases are recognised as being both a symptom of poverty and a powerful contributor to the ‘poverty trap’—a complex and self-perpetuating phenomenon of the interrelated burdens of disease, conflict, poverty, and low educational attainment [1–3]. In 2017, chromoblastomycosis was accepted as an NTD, following the example of mycetoma, by the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for NTDs (STAG-NTD) and WHO Executive Board with ‘other deep mycoses’ [4]. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a deep mycosis endemic to Latin America. Autochthonous cases are exclusive to the tropical and subtropical zone from Mexico (23° north) to Argentina (35° south) (Fig 1), and it is more common in areas with a high rainfall and subject to flooding [5]. It is caused by members of the Paracoccidioides genus, a dimorphic fungi found in soil that includes two different species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. It predominantly affects males [6] from rural communities, or those who have had prolonged contact with a rural environment, aged between 30 and 60 years old [7–9]. Open in a separate window Fig 1 Distribution of paracoccidioidomycosis in South America. Image credit: with permission from Leading International Fungal Education (www.LIFE-worldwide.org).

Women’s experiences of intimate partner violence in rural Taranaki, Aotearoa New Zealand

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, research about intimate partner violence has focused on urban areas and has been urban-centric. However, there are some components of intimate partner violence in rural communities which are different and social workers need to be aware of these variances.METHODS: The findings presented in this article were drawn from a doctoral study in which 23 women and five men were interviewed using a qualitative approach. Alongside these interviews, key informants in the rural Taranaki district were consulted, a fieldwork journal kept and photographs taken. The data were analysed using applied thematic analysis.FINDINGS: Patriarchy was a distinct aspect of the intimate partner violence experienced by the women who participated in this study and part of the back-drop to lives. Hegemonic masculinity was a powerful contributor to the intimate partner violence experienced by some study participants. Geographic isolation was exploited as an aspect of control in intimate partner violence among the women and women had difficulty accessing services.CONCLUSION: It is important for social workers, in order to practise competently, to have an awareness of the impact of patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity. When working in rural communities, social workers need to be attentive to the factors which impact rural women who have experienced intimate partner violence, and how these factors might differ from those that impact urban women’s experiences.

Gender identity in childhood: A review of the literature

We review theory and research on the assessment, development, and consequences of individual differences in gender identity, as studied among ordinary school children. Gender identity encompasses children’s appraisals of compatibility with, and motivation to fit in with, gender collectives; it is a multidimensional construct. Five dimensions of gender identity are considered in depth: felt same-gender typicality, felt other-gender typicality, gender contentedness, felt pressure for gender conformity, and intergroup bias. A host of cognitive, affective, social, and defensive processes contribute to these forms of gender identity, all of which in turn affect children’s psychosocial adjustment. Felt same-gender typicality promotes self-esteem and protects children from harmful effects of stressors, but it is associated with negative attitudes toward other-gender peers and activities unless children feel at least somewhat similar to the other gender as well. Felt other-gender typicality distresses children who do not also feel same-gender–typical. The other three gender identity variables encourage self-serving behavior (e.g., dominance) if children view it as appropriate for their gender. Children who feel gender-atypical or discontent with their gender suffer considerable distress if they feel pressure for gender conformity. Gender contentedness may be a particularly powerful contributor to children’s adoption of gender-typed behavior.

A University and School Working in Partnership to Develop Professional Practice Knowledge for Teaching

Abstract The article reports on the University of Johannesburg’s efforts at offering a practice-based teacher education program in partnership with a university-affiliated school (a ‘teaching school’) with a view to developing inquiry-oriented novice teachers. The research aimed at exploring what it takes to develop a ‘learningplace’ (Conway, Murphy and Rutherford 2014) conducive to student teachers’ development of professional practice knowledge and the role of mentoring in this regard. A two-phase process of generating data was used. In the first phase the published research on the university-affiliated school was analyzed, using qualitative content analysis to look for patterns across the historical unfolding of the findings of these papers. In phase two a questionnaire was administered involving final year student teachers in the teacher education program. The research shows that a teaching school, if integrated into the program design and delivery, provides a rich practice learning site for student teachers. In addition, mentoring in cognitive apprenticeship mode could indeed be a powerful contributor to student teachers’ professional development. However, the overall programme design is decisive. The preparation of teachers with strong professional practice knowledge requires attention to four interrelated aspects of program design, namely program identity, organizational structures, curriculum and teacher education pedagogy. Addressing these aspects in an integrated manner would be difficult without working closely with one or more partnership schools.

‘Learning to re-create your life’: an evaluation of a residential mental health recovery program

ABSTRACT Personal recovery is enshrined in Australian and international mental health policy. Services seeking to support people to lead meaningful lives of their choosing require mental health professionals to embrace alternative practices. In this paper, we present the findings of an evaluation of a 15-week residential program aspiring to promote personal recovery in Perth, Western Australia. Group work is the main service delivery mode, and the program is premised on the belief that a therapeutic peer community environment has the potential to create conditions for recovery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 consumers following graduation, and at six months follow-up (n = 9) which explored their experiences of the program, its strengths, areas for improvement, and impact. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach which was guided by the evaluation objectives. Participants reported that the Recovery House was emotionally challenging, personally transformative, and unlike any other service or program experience. Key elements that supported recovery were the live-in nature of the program; the emphasis on commitment and taking personal responsibility; use of a peer community as a therapeutic tool; and the focus on deep emotional healing and making meaning. Challenges included communal living, and transitioning back into the community post-program. Recovery House represents an attempt to depart from traditional relationships and ways of working within mental health services by emphasising self-determination, equal relationships, and creating opportunities to deeply explore emotional distress. Evaluation findings suggest that intensive therapeutic group work may be a powerful contributor to supporting recovery.

Delineation of hydrocarbon potential zones in Masila oil field, Yemen

Hydrocarbon is a powerful contributor to development. The present study makes an attempt to use remote sensing data coupled with geophysical and geological data that has been integrated into Arc GIS to delineate favorable zones for hydrocarbon potential in the Masila oil field. Lineaments have been extracted using satellite data and geological data by their surface spectral signatures, whereas the subsurface lineaments have been inferred using geophysical data. Digital image processing of satellite image using ERDAS IMAGINE-14 have been carried out, sequentially using various techniques (Sobal, Laplacian filters and band composite), lineament digitized as layers, layers were converted to raster (grid) format, classified, analyzed, integrated and visualized using Arc GIS. The resulting lineaments obtained from each data, suggests that most of the lineaments are trended in NW–SE which coincides and are in conformity with the existing trend of the study area. The output potential map was classified into five zones of hydrocarbon potentiality, namely very high, high, moderate, low and very low potential zones. The hydrocarbon evaluation results of the present study reveal that 6.9% of the total area falls under very high potential, 14.2% highly potential, 21.3% moderately potential, 25.7% low potential and 31.9% falls under very low potential zones. The zones were verified with oil fields and existing wells in the area which shows a positive correlation. Such studies are significant for hydrocarbon potential resource planning and management. Further, the methodology used for this study can be, replicated in another similar geological setup elsewhere for mapping hydrocarbon potential zones.

Metformin and Autoimmunity: A "New Deal" of an Old Drug.

Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a synthetic derivative of guanidine, isolated from the extracts of Galega officinalis, a plant with a prominent antidiabetic effect. Since its discovery more than 50 years ago, metformin represents a worldwide milestone in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent evidence in humans indicates novel pleiotropic actions of metformin which span from its consolidated role in T2D management up to various regulatory properties, including cardio- and nephro-protection, as well as antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and antioxidant effects. These findings, together with ground-breaking studies demonstrating its ability to prolong healthspan and lifespan in mice, provided the basis for defining metformin as a potential antiaging molecule. Moreover, emerging in vivo and in vitro evidence support the novel hypothesis that metformin can exhibit immune-modulatory features. Studies suggest that metformin interferes with key immunopathological mechanisms involved in systemic autoimmune diseases, such as the T helper 17/regulatory T cell balance, germinal centers formation, autoantibodies production, macrophage polarization, cytokine synthesis, neutrophil extracellular traps release, and bone or extracellular matrix remodeling. These effects may represent a powerful contributor to antiaging and anticancer properties exerted by metformin and, from another standpoint, may open the way to assess whether metformin can be a candidate molecule for clinical trials involving patients with immune-mediated diseases. In this article, we will review the available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the effect of metformin on individual cells of the immune system, with emphasis on immunological mechanisms related to the development and maintenance of autoimmunity and its potential relevance in treatment of autoimmune diseases.

CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Phage Resistance Enhances Horizontal Gene Transfer by Transduction.

ABSTRACTA powerful contributor to prokaryotic evolution is horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through transformation, conjugation, and transduction, which can be advantageous, neutral, or detrimental to fitness. Bacteria and archaea control HGT and phage infection through CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) adaptive immunity. Although the benefits of resisting phage infection are evident, this can come at a cost of inhibiting the acquisition of other beneficial genes through HGT. Despite the ability of CRISPR-Cas to limit HGT through conjugation and transformation, its role in transduction is largely overlooked. Transduction is the phage-mediated transfer of bacterial DNA between cells and arguably has the greatest impact on HGT. We demonstrate that in Pectobacterium atrosepticum, CRISPR-Cas can inhibit the transduction of plasmids and chromosomal loci. In addition, we detected phage-mediated transfer of a large plant pathogenicity genomic island and show that CRISPR-Cas can inhibit its transduction. Despite these inhibitory effects of CRISPR-Cas on transduction, its more common role in phage resistance promotes rather than diminishes HGT via transduction by protecting bacteria from phage infection. This protective effect can also increase transduction of phage-sensitive members of mixed populations. CRISPR-Cas systems themselves display evidence of HGT, but little is known about their lateral dissemination between bacteria and whether transduction can contribute. We show that, through transduction, bacteria can acquire an entire chromosomal CRISPR-Cas system, including cas genes and phage-targeting spacers. We propose that the positive effect of CRISPR-Cas phage immunity on enhancing transduction surpasses the rarer cases where gene flow by transduction is restricted.