Power Window System Research Articles

Perancangan dan Pembuatan Sistem Power Window pada Mobil Daihatsu Zebra Tahun 1995

Power window system is a series of electrical body system that functions to facilitate the driver when opening and closing the glass door electrically by using a power window switch mounted on the inside side of the door, where the manual power window system driver must rotate the glass opening lever to raise and lower the door glass. The power window motor rotates when the power window switch is pressed. The power window motor rotation will turn up and down through the door glass regulator to open or close the door glass.
 The power window application process includes preparation of component placement design and preparation of materials to be used such as motor power windows, relays, fuses and switches, after all is ready, then the installation of components such as motor power windows to the regulator which has been modified in the form of additional plates for the holder The motor, after the power window regulator is ready, then assembles the electrical system and the installation of connections or sockets to each component. After the regulator and the electrical system are ready then install the switch holder on the door trim that has been prepared.
 The results of the power window application obtained power window can work in accordance with its function using a switch, namely the glass door can move up and down according to the position of the switch button pressed on each switch and from the results of the measurement process that the average voltage requirement for the power window to the position goes up 11.5 V while the position goes down 12V. The average time needed to raise the glass on the door 3.63 seconds and to lower the glass door takes 2.78 seconds

Microcontroller Integration in an Automated Power Window Circuit System for Automobile Air Conditioning

Research depicts that vehicular accident is inevitable, especially during long-distance driving journeys due to occurrence such as dehydration and discomfort owing to the inadequate or poor operating performance of car airconditioning systems which can result in loss of the driver’s attention on the road. However, the aforementioned research gap or problem needs to be addressed to ensure the efficient operation of the car air-conditioning system to avert vehicular accidents. Hence, the goal of this research is to utilize a microcontroller to automatically control the car airconditioning system to ensure enhanced operating performance. Moreover, the key merit of this research is to assist drivers by preventing them from losing attention on the road due to a phenomenon such as dehydration and discomfort, especially, during long-distance driving journeys, which can cause vehicular accidents. Besides, another imperative component of this research is to automatically control, thus closing the vehicle’s window louvre once the air conditioner is in operation or turned on to ensure efficient utilization of energy (fuel) of the vehicle and ensure that the ambience in the vehicle is pretty comfortable for the passengers on board. The automated power window system is comprehensively verified by the proteus software. Nonetheless, the results via the simulation depict that the automated power window circuit considered in this paper can effectively and automatically close the vehicle’s window louvre once the air conditioner is turned on.

On the Applicability of Behavior Driven Development for Automotive Software Testing at the Functional Model Level

Model-based design [MDB] is a well know and with high level of maturity methodology for develop and testing of automotive embedded systems. For the tools and technlogies available, it enables to build funcitionalities with high quality in which the tests need to be done to verify whether requirements are attended in all stages since functional model to code stage. As know as, we have a big dilema in how to define the case tests in the first stage of MBD so that can be deploy in the following stages. In addition to, the testing method shall be automated in order to provide a testing coverage and consequently a high quality of the software developed. Therefore, we present the applicability of behavior driven development for automotive software testing at the functional model level in MBD. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency o four method over a small case study of power window system which enables to be deployed in other automotive functionalities to be controlled.

Automotive Power Window Communication with DTC Algorithm and Hardware-in-the Loop Testing

The power window control is the mechanism to automatically control the upward and downward movement of power window in vehicles by application of position, current, flexi force and temperature sensor as replacement of conventional or mechanical controlled hand crank based system. The paper focuses on model based development and testing of miniaturized scale controller for automotive smart power window, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing using dSPACE simulator. The experimental work is carried out for the same to provide the desired precision due to the testing limitation in real time vehicle. The HIL set up is utilized to analyze the different manual and sensory inputs functionalities in Indian driving environment. The paper presented the DC motor interfacing to the controller as the main building block of the power window system. The motor takes the decision based on the decision tree classifier (DTC) machine learning algorithm and control movements in desired direction by condition inputs from decision tree. The system behavior is completely based on the algorithm, dSPACE testing environment supports the window functionality and its movement control in upward, downward direction and the results showed that the developed system is effective in identifying obstacle. The decision tree test set and training set data depicts that 93%-sampled results are valid outcome and 7% are invalid under 12 different test observations.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMANTAUAN PENGATURAN KECEPATAN PUTAR MOTOR DC POWER WINDOWS BERBASIS PLC PANASONIC MENGGUNAKAN HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)

Agustin Anarwati, Iman Setiono, today human life is very rapidly developing, one of them in the field of technology as time advances. This requires the creation of ideas to make a variety of equipment that is more practical and more reliable in meeting needs. In the industrial world today, most equipment uses PLC as a controller for various existing equipment, while the Human Machine Interface (HMI) is used to simplify monitoring existing equipment. In the automotive world, the power windows system is part of the body's electrical circuit which aims to make it easier for motorists to operate car windows. The driver can adjust the work of the power windows through a switch. When the driver presses the switch then the motor power window will rotate and will make the window work both open and close. The type of motor used in the power window system is a DC motor. One of the features of this DC motor is its speed can be controlled easily. In this case, I tried to make the design of the monitoring device setting the DC power speed of the windows power using PLC and HMI as monitors and controllers for operating the DC power windows rotating speed to make it easier, the speed can be adjusted through the output voltage from the PLC to the driver, starting from 0 VDC up to 5 VDC. if the voltage is 5 VDC then the motor will rotate with a maximum speed of 100%, whereas if given a 2.5 VDC input, the motor speed will be half of the 5 VDC rotational speed. Keywords: Panasonic PLC, Human Machine Interface (HMI), Dc Power Motor Windows, PWM DriverReferencesAnonim. “Sensor”. 5 agustus 2015. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SensorIsyanto, Jazi Eko. 2014. Pengantar Elektronika dan Instrumentasi Pendekatan Project Arduino dan Android. Yogyakarta: ANDI.Koestoer, Raldi Artono.2004. Pengukuran Teknik. Jakarta: Departemen Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia.Massimo dkk., “Arduino/Genuino Uno”,29 juli 2015. https://www.Arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUnoPurnama , Agus ”Kapasitor” 28 juli 2015. http://komponenelektronika.biz/pengertian- kapasitor.html.Riny Sulistyowati. 2012. Perancangan Prototype System Kontrol Dan Monitoring Pembatas Daya Listrik Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Surabaya : Institut Adhi Tama Surabaya.Surono. 1988. Tata Tulis Karya Ilmiah Bahasa Indonesia. Semarang : Fakultas Sastra Universitas Diponegoro.

Numerical modeling and dynamic simulation of automotive power window system with a single regulator

Door glass position errors that occur when an automobile door glass goes up and down not only reduce the basic performance of the door glass in terms of sound- and water-proofing, but also decrease the life span of the glass run and belt. Thus, there is a need for understanding the dynamic behavior of a door glass in order to reduce these errors. In this research, we analyzed the door glass behavior by developing a dynamic numerical analysis model for a single rail regulator type of door glass lifting system. We modeled the glass run and belt lip load as a non-linear spring-damper system to reflect changes in the lip load caused by door glass position errors in the analysis. We also introduced local coordinate systems to find door glass position errors during the lifting process. By using our model, the time spent on the up and down motions, the current, and the lifting resistance could be predicted with 4 %, 11 %, 3 % and 4 % of error, respectively, comparing with the test data. We confirmed the effects of imbalances and boundary conditions in the load and moment which occur during the door glass lifting process. We also found that the lip reaction force, coefficient of friction, overlap length and position of the lift line cause door glass position errors.

Towards SMT-based LTL model checking of clock constraint specification language for real-time and embedded systems

The Clock Constraint Specification Language (CCSL) is a formal language companion to MARTE (shorthand for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems), a UML profile used to facilitate the design and analysis of real-time and embedded systems. CCSL is proposed to specify constraints on the occurrences of events in systems. However, the language lacks efficient verification support to formally analyze temporal properties, which are important properties to real-time and embedded systems. In this paper, we propose an SMT-based approach to model checking of the temporal properties specified in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for CCSL by transforming CCSL constraints and LTL formulas into SMT formulas. We implement a prototype tool for the proposed approach and use the state-of-the-art tool Z3 as its underlying SMT solver. We model two practical real-time and embedded systems, i.e., a traffic light controller and a power window system in CCSL , and model check LTL properties of them using the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Synthesis and exploration of multi-level, multi-perspective architectures of automotive embedded systems

In industry, evaluating candidate architectures for automotive embedded systems is routinely done during the design process. Today’s engineers, however, are limited in the number of candidates that they are able to evaluate in order to find the optimal architectures. This limitation results from the difficulty in defining the candidates as it is a mostly manual process. In this work, we propose a way to synthesize multi-level, multi-perspective candidate architectures and to explore them across the different layers and perspectives. Using a reference model similar to the EAST-ADL domain model but with a focus on early design, we explore the candidate architectures for two case studies: an automotive power window system and the central door locking system. Further, we provide a comprehensive set of question templates, based on the different layers and perspectives, that engineers can ask to synthesize only the candidates relevant to their task at hand. Finally, using the modeling language Clafer, which is supported by automated backend reasoners, we show that it is possible to synthesize and explore optimal candidate architectures for two highly configurable automotive sub-systems.

Modelling and Simulation of Object Detection in Automotive Power Window

The paper focuses on the system modelling of hardware based power window control system. In power window system, Direct Current (DC) motor served as the source of power to drive the power window frame and accordingly power window can be raised and lowered. In the paper, mathematical model of a DC motor controlled by an H bridge circuit and bridge is controlled through input switches which are available at driver and passenger door side. The main objective of power window control is to control the movement of glass door in upper and lower direction and this operation is controlled with the help of current sensor, fire sensor and position sensor in the replacement of manual control hand turned crank techniques for existing power windows. The driving component is DC motor that drives the power window using selflocking techniques for worm gear in the minimum ratio of 1:50 and output of worm gear goes to lead screw having pitch of 3mm to deliver linear movement to power window. The control unit of power window senses both high and low load obstructions. It is used to activate and deactivate the movement of the glass door in upward direction and downward direction with the help of DC motor, whenever, any hard and soft obstruction is detected. The automatic power window with intelligent control is designed and verified with several conditions that claim its movement in upward and downward direction. The simulation model is visualized in MATLAB/Simulink and performance is analysed with respect to current, voltage and speed measurement.

Automotive power window system design: object-oriented modelling and design of experiments integration within a digital pattern approach

The paper tackles an integrated use of object-oriented modelling (OOM) and design of experiments (DoE) to determine the performance of a double bowden power window system in order to accomplish the expected system performances during the preliminary designing phase and, therefore, by accelerating the product development process. A DoE has been carried out by using the power window model, developed in Dymola environment. The response surface method (RSM) and ANOVA analysis are used to identify the significant factors. Then, an empirical equation is derived. It predicts the main system response i.e. the stroke time, expressed as dependency related to the significant factors. Finally, the use of the empirical relation inside a design flow of a power window, based on digital patterns, is presented.

Experimental Study of Automated Car Power Window with "Preset" Position

In today's automotive industry, many features are added in power window system. For instance, Anti Trap System, with immediate reversal of the window in the event of entrapment. Thus, it gives full and reliable protection for children's hand, neck and any obstacles as well. The aim of this paper is to develop an innovative mechanism to enable the user to control the degree of opening power window position with preset position. This experiment involved design and development of PIC program, electronic circuit design and modification on existing power window mechanism. In this experiment, microcontroller PIC16F877A is applied as a medium to achieve the goal. Generally, it will control the degree opening window whenever the user or motorist required, plus anti-entrapment features on window lifting control system. Therefore the user will be able to open and close the power window within the selected position and feel free while maneuvering their vehicles.

Entrapment of adult fingers between window glass and seal entry of a motor vehicle side door: An experimental study for investigation of the force at the subjective pain threshold

In modern motor vehicles with automatic power windows, a potential hazard exists for jam events of fingers between the window glass and seal entry. This study determined entrapment forces acting on adult fingers at the subjective maximum pain threshold during entrapment in such windows.The length and the girth of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the triphalangeal fingers of the right hands of 109 participants (60 men, 49 women) were measured; the diameter was calculated from girth, which was assumed to be circular. The automatic power window system of a motor vehicle side door was changed to a mechanical system. During entrapment the force distributed across the four proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPs), and separately on the proximal interphalangeal (iPIP) and then the distal interphalangeal (iDIP) joints of the index finger was measured using a customized force sensor.The maximum bearable entrapment force was 97.2±51.8N for the PIPs, 43.4±19.9N for the iPIP, and 36.9±17.8N for the iDIP. The positive correlation between finger diameter and maximum entrapment force was significant.Particularly with regard to the risk to children's fingers, the 100N statutory boundary value for closing force of electronic power windows should be reduced.

유한요소해석을 통한 자동차용 글라스의 승강성능 예측

파워 글라스 시스템의 특성은 주로 윈도우 레귤레이터의 거동 특성과 글라스 런에 의한 저항에 의해 결정되며, 시험 결과 분석을 통해 시스템의 성능을 예측한다. 본 논문에서는 시험적인 방법의 한계를 해결하기 위해, 익스플리시트 코드를 사용한 해석적 방법을 제안하였다. 해석 모델에 사용한 글라스 런은 무니-리블린 모델을 사용하여 모델링 하였고, 다양한 조건에서의 마찰 시험을 실시하여 마찰계수를 구하였다. 또한, 윈도우 레귤레이터 파트의 메커니즘은 패스트 벨트 시스템과 슬립 링요소를 사용하여 모델링 하였고, 상승 시 발생하는 전류와 하중과의 상관관계 분석을 통해 레귤레이션 메커니즘의 신뢰성을 검증하였고, 모터의 특성을 고려하여 신뢰성 있는 글라스 상승 시간을 예측하였다.

Real-time pinch detection algorithm: Robust to impulsive noise

A robust pinch detection algorithm which can be implemented in a cheap microprocessor is proposed for the development of a safety feature in the automotive power window system. To solve the problems caused by the performance degradation of a Hall sensor or real driving situations, the proposed algorithm makes use of the H∞ state estimation technique. The motivation of this approach comes from the advantage that the H∞ filter can minimize or bound the worst-case estimation error energy for all bounded energy disturbances. Herein, the pinch torque rate estimator is derived from applying the steady-state H∞ filter to the augmented model, which includes the motor dynamics and an additional torque rate state. Then, to redesign an appropriate estimator for real-time implementation, the torque rate estimate can be calculated more efficiently than the previous method [1]. Experimental results verify that, with a small amount of computation, the proposed pinch detection algorithm provides fast pinch detection performance superior to the existing method. Furthermore, it guarantees robustness against the worst-case measurement noises.

Functional Evaluation of Power Window System

Functional Evaluation of Power Window System

Method and system for detecting an object in the path of a vehicle power window system using acoustic signals

A method and device for detecting an object caught in the path of a vehicle power window system includes an acoustic sensor for sensing acoustic signals associated with the window as the window closes. A control circuit having control logic compares the sensed acoustic signals with a predetermined noise threshold. If a difference is determined between the sensed signals and the predetermined noise threshold, an object caught in the path of the vehicle power window system is assumed to be present and the control circuit controls the motor accordingly to either stop or reverse direction.

Low-temperature drive characteristics of automotive power window systems

It is a common experience that some automotive power windows tend to be sluggish during cold weather. The drive current of the power window system increases sharply with decreasing temperature and the ascending speed of the power window glass is greatly reduced. There are several possible sources of such phenomena: performance characteristics of the geared motor, hardening of the glass run and internal friction of the cable and pulley type regulator. Experiments have been performed to study the contributions from each source. It is shown that the major contribution comes from the internal friction of the regulator. Suggestions are made regarding the improvement of power window performance at low temperature.