Mode Power Supply Research Articles

Energy-saving design and implementation in metro weak current systems: a case study of the Kunming metro system

With the accelerated urbanization in China, along with the growing scale of the metro transportation network, the energy consumption of metro systems continues to increase. To face the tough challenge of climate change, China has put forward the goal of peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Energy consumption has become a serious burden for metro operation companies, since 10.2% of the total operational budgets is spent on electricity. Thus the development of methods to realize energy saving and emission reduction has become a major challenge for metros. In this study we conduct an in-depth research and analysis on metro energy load classification and energy management, focusing in particular on the design and usage of power supply systems for metro weak current electromechanical systems, including tunnel fans, station air conditioners, station escalators, automatic ticketing equipment, screen doors, drainage pumps, sewage pumps, platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring systems, automatic ticketing and various lighting equipment and facilities. It is proposed that the five weak current systems, namely platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring and automatic fare collection, should adopt a backup power supply. In order to ensure the reliable operation of all weak current systems in the station, the traditional decentralized power supply mode is changed to a centralized power supply and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (1 + 1) parallel double-bus system. At the same time, combined with the data on equipment quantity, station passenger flow and station building floorage, the Boruta algorithm is used to filter out the equipment related to station weak current energy consumption, and a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to further reduce the dimensions of the filtered features to reduce the algorithm overhead of the subsequent quota analysis model. The XGBoost algorithm is used to establish a prediction model for station weak current system energy consumption. Analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between the energy consumption quota and the equipment quantity as well as station building floorage. By setting different metering instruments for power supply circuits, the main energy consumption data are collected to meet the requirements for graded metering of metro energy consumption, and then the energy consumption quota for the station weak current system is reasonably predicted. By adding metering instruments to the power supply circuits of different areas and equipment, the energy consumption of the weak current system can be measured and monitored in different grades. The combination of the energy management platform and energy consumption quota provides the basis for energy management of each energy-consuming unit, and ultimately realizes energy saving and reduced consumption.

Research on Dispatching Management of High Proportion New Energy Grid in the Electricity Market Environment

The electricity spot market can reflect the power supply and demand situation in real time through price signals, guiding users to shift peaks and fill valleys, and enhancing the level of new energy consumption. Gansu Province, one of the first pilot spot market provinces in China, has designed a bilateral spot market for generations and users. The power supply mode and grid operation mode will undergo changes according to the operation results of the power market to achieve the optimal allocation of power resources, thus posing a huge challenge to the original grid dispatching mode. The article analyses the dispatch management articulation model based on the high penetration of new energy grids in the power market reform, adapts the work focus after changes in the power market business, and explores efficient dispatching business processes for the power spot market to ensure a smooth transition of dispatching work and effective integration of the market business.

ThamRobot: An Automated Robotic System to Play Thammattama

Sri Lanka has a precious traditional drum music culture that is mainly based on traditional drums. At present, this drum culture is in decline due to a lack of talented drum players. As a result, many Buddhist temples are facing a serious and tragic problem. This article presents the design and implementation of a robotic system named ThamRobot contains two robotic arms that were designed to play pre-programmed three drum tunes of the Thammattama correctly and efficiently like a drum player without any intervention of a human. In the research, nine major characteristics factors of the Thammattama such as music notes, drum locations, approximate stress, frequencies, pitch, drum type, number of sticks, playing technique, distance from stick to drum face were identified. The entire system is comprised of four main modules named motion module, user-operation module, processing module, power supply module. Finally, the system has been tested in a laboratory environment and encouraging results were obtained.

Circuit Principle and Design of Superconducting Shunt Resonator for Voltage Sag Mitigation

Voltage sags are the most frequent power quality disturbances for modern industrial users, which can be mitigated by installing voltage sag compensation devices. However, most existing voltage sag compensation devices are high cost. This paper proposes a practical cost-effective device to protect sensitive equipment from voltage sags. The proposed device consists of a capacitor and a superconducting coil in parallel as an LC resonance circuit, and a static switch is used to switch the power supply mode. When voltage sags occur, the sensitive load is directly powered by the device, and the energy stored in the circuit is discharged, then switches when grid voltage recovers. Compared with regular voltage sag compensation devices such as DVR, the device has the advantages of low cost, low complexity, and simple control. Further, the device can mitigate voltage swell. The circuit principle of the device is presented. Besides, the correlations between LC parameters and supporting time are revealed. The feasibility of the device is verified by simulations under both voltage sag and voltage swell.

Optimization of power supply mode of single-mode laser diode by ratio of current and integral spectrum parameter

Bursting development of the technological base of semiconductor quantum electronics determined the width of the domain for use of semiconductor lasers in optical-electronic measuring systems based on the optical methods of stream research. In order to improve the accuracy of such systems, it is proposed to use a simple technique for optimizing the supply mode of a single-mode laser diode, based on an analysis of the current dependence of its integral spectral parameter. It is shown that the optimal value of the pumping current appears when the radiation spectrum envelope line tends to match the normalized Gaussian curve within the width of the spectral line.

Research on Distribution Network Reliability and Power Supply Soft Self-healing

The reliability of distribution network is an important index to ensure high-quality power supply. In this paper, the FMEA table is established based on the traditional power supply mode consequence analysis method, and the network topology after power supply isolation is determined by querying the table according to the power supply information. Then, the control mode of VSC is adjusted according to the VSC control strategy under different power supply conditions. Finally, through network reconfiguration and island operation, the continuous spatiotemporal power grid topology power supply restoration optimization model is established. On this basis, this paper combines sequential Monte Carlo method to evaluate the reliability of continuous spatiotemporal power grid topology, and illustrates the reliability evaluation difference caused by the difference of distribution network topology information.

A system and game strategy for the isolated island electric-gas deeply coupled energy network

For the isolated island micro grid, a safe and reliable energy supply system is indispensable. Generally speaking, the power generation modules of an small and medium-sized isolated island energy system with off-grid power supply mode mainly include diesel generator(DIG) and distributed power supply. In order to smooth the power output fluctuation of wind and solar, coordinate the output of multiple energy generation technologies, and increase the penetration rate of distributed energy, it is necessary to develop a flexible and reliable energy system, and an efficient and smart scheduling strategy. In this paper, the power-to-gas (P2G) technology is introduced to construct a multi-energy complementary integrated energy system with deep coupling of power-gas network. Four possible game planning models are proposed by using game theory analysis method, and the energy scheduling strategies under each game mode are obtained by particle swarm optimization(PSO). By comparing the scheduling strategies under the four game modes, it can be found that the synergistic response of hydrogen and methane in the alliance cooperative game mode has absolute advantages in reducing the curtailment rate of wind and solar energy, balancing the income of each participant, improving the total income of the system, and saving energy and environmental protection.

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF USING A COMPLEX WIND-SOLAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSE


 
 
 The wish to achieve energy savings of organic fuel while reducing the negative man-made impact on the environment, especially in the context of global warming, encourages for the search for new approaches in the construction of energy efficient houses and buildings. Analysis of the accumulated meteorological data on wind and solar potentials in Kyiv shows that in an urban city it is possible to create a fully autonomous house, which will be supplied with electricity using solar and wind energy. Year-round monitoring of atmospheric parameters such as current values of wind speed and direction, relative humidity and barometric air pressure was carried out using a portable meteorological station TFA Nexus using appropriate Primus software, which allowed to collect and analyze measurement data. Data on insolation for the location of the energy-efficient house were obtained experimentally in 2019 using measurements with a pyranometer SR-U1. The developed system consists of a wind generator, solar modules, charge controllers, inverters and batteries. The calculation of electricity production by the solar station was performed in the PVSyst program according to meteorological data Meteonorm. At the same time, it should be noted that the energy contribution from photomodules is crucial for the power supply of an energy-efficient house. The proposed instrumental methods for determining the parameters of insolation provide an opportunity to assess its technically available potential for a given area, as well as to use the obtained data for the design of complex power supply systems using energy of wind and solar. The research results prove that in the conditions of the city of Kyiv there are potential opportunities for the creation of residential buildings with zero energy balance, in which, for the purpose of power supply, wind generators and solar modules can be used quite successfully.
 
 

Research on energy control of low voltage PV storage microgrid

Abstract Renewable energy sources cannot guarantee long-term and stable output supply when they are given energy consumption at the load end. At the same time, traditional solar and utility power supply systems cannot guarantee the priority of using solar energy to generate electricity, which has certain limitations. In this regard, an energy control strategy for achieving smooth and no backflow switching and prioritizing the use of clean energy solar energy under a joint power supply system of a solar power grid and a municipal power grid is proposed, which is used for a conventional combined power supply system of a contactor switching circuit. A topology of low voltage power grid is proposed, which effectively reduces the impact on the solar power grid and the municipal power grid during the system switching process combined control mode for controlling the current phase and repetitive control at the output end of the solar power grid in the combined power supply mode, and adding a feedforward control method for the grid voltage is adopted to ensure that the solar grid and the municipal power prioritize the use of clean energy solar energy and, at the same time, ensure the maximum utilization of solar energy. This paper chose the combined power supply system with the solar power grid and the municipal power grid as the object of this research. The topology structure and controlling strategy of the power supply system were comprehensively and deeply researched, and on this basis, the combined power supply system prototype was designed on the foundation of DSP28335 and CPLD. Moreover, hardware parameters are designed in the system, and an energy management optimization algorithm based on the system is developed on the corresponding experimental platform. The experimental results show that the proposed energy control strategy can effectively reduce the impact on the solar power grid and the municipal power grid during the system switching process, ensure that the solar power grid and the municipal power grid have no backflow combined power supply and give priority to the use of clean energy solar energy.

System introduction and evaluation of the first Chinese chest EIT device for ICU applications

Chest electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising application which is used to monitor the ventilation and perfusion of the lung at the bedside dynamically. The aim of the study was to introduce the first Chinese made chest EIT device for ICU application (Pulmo EIT-100). The system design of the hardware and software was briefly introduced. The performance of the system was compared to PulmoVista 500 (Dräger Medical) in healthy volunteers. The EIT system Pulmo EIT-100 consists of impedance measurement module, power supply module, PC all-in-one machine, medical cart and accessories. The performance of the system current source and voltage measurement unit was tested. A total of 50 healthy lung volunteers were prospectively examined. Subjects were asked to perform repetitive slow vital capacity (SVC) maneuvers with a spirometer. EIT measurements were performed in the following sequence during each SVC with: (1) Pulmo EIT-100, (2) PulmonVista500, (3) Pulmo EIT-100 and (4) PulmonVista500. Linearity and regional ventilation distribution of the reconstructed images from two devices were compared. The output frequency stability of the current source was 2 ppm. The amplitude error within one hour was less than 0.32‰. The output impedance of the current source was about 50kΩ. The signal-to-noise ratio of each measurement channel was ≥ 60 dB. For fixed resistance measurements, the measured values drifted about 0.08% within one hour. For human subjects, the correlations between the spirometry volume and EIT impedance from two devices were both 0.99 ± 0.01. No statistical significances were found in the parameters investigated. The repeatability (variability) of measures from the same device was comparable. Our EIT device delivers reliable data and might be used for patient measurement in a clinical setting.

The influence of different power supply modes on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties of nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings

Titanium carbide (TiC) coatings have attracted wide attention from researchers and industry due to their high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance . In this study, a plasma emission monitoring system was adopted to feedback control the target poisoning status of 70% in a gas mixture of acetylene using four different power supply modes including superimposed HiPIMS-MF, HiPIMS , MF, and DC. The nanocrystalline TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings containing NaCl-type TiC nanocrystallites (3–7 nm in diameter) embedded in a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) matrix microstructures were fabricated by four different power supply modes. The corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel substrate against the sulfuric acid attack was greatly improved by the four nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings. Although the deposition rate of the coating prepared by the DC power supply was the highest, the film quality was inferior to other films due to its higher oxygen content and larger TiC grain size . On the other hand, the nc-TiC/a-C:H coating fabricated by the superimposed HiPIMS-MF power mode exhibited a featureless microstructure with the highest hardness of 27.5 GPa and the highest H 3 /E 2 ratio of 0.38. The nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite film grown by superimposed HiPIMS-MF became a promising protective coating in severe environment applications due to its high hardness, good adhesion, adequate tribological properties, and excellent corrosion resistance against sulfuric acid. • Four different power supply modes are used to grow four nc-TiC/a-C:H coatings. • A plasma emission monitoring system is utilized to control reactive C 2 H 2 gas. • The coating consists of TiC nanograins embedded in an amorphous C matrix. • Superimposed HiPIMS-MF yields a coating with the highest hardness of 27.3 GPa.

Design of 16.2kW photovoltaic power station for Gumu township primary school in Gaize County Ali Prefecture, Tibet

Gumu Township, Gaize County, Ali Prefecture, is a power free area, which has not yet covered the State Grid. It can only rely on solar energy, wind energy and other township level new energy power stations for power supply, which greatly restricts the development of local economy. This project aims at solving the power consumption problem of gumxiang primary school by adopting solar photovoltaic independent (off grid) power supply mode. According to the actual power consumption of gumu village primary school, a solar photovoltaic power station with a total installed capacity of 16.2kw is planned to be built.

Specific Features of the Kinetics of the Reactive-Ion Etching of Si and SiO2 in a CF4 + O2 Mixture in a Low Power Supply Mode

Specific Features of the Kinetics of the Reactive-Ion Etching of Si and SiO2 in a CF4 + O2 Mixture in a Low Power Supply Mode

MODELING THE POWER CONSUMPTION OF A CLIENT DEVICE MULTICORE PROCESSOR DURING ONLINE INTERCONNECTION

During a pandemic, a large number of users are forced to work not at regular workplaces, but at home, using video conferencing and other online means of intercommunication. In this case, not only desktop computers but also mobile devices are often used. Wherein, for example, the application Zoom can diagnose insufficient connection speed, even if one session is established from one Internet connection. The paper shows that the reason may be the overload of the multicore processor's cluster on the client device. However, the functions of energy saving, embedded in the last actual versions of operation systems, also do not provide complete success. Often, it is needed maximum using the resource of the mobile application, but at the same, time it is necessary to keep up-to-date information about the battery charge. Increasing the number of cores in modern processors does not significantly improve the quality of communication in online communication, because the same type (multimedia) applications are still distributed to the same cluster. In this study, by modeling the power consumption of each core of such a processor, built on the big.LITTLE architecture, the results are achieved, according to which it is possible to adjust the power supply modes of a multi-core processor. The developed software application uses a new power consumption model optimized for modern multi-core processors. Using this model allows you to increase the time of use of the device without recharging to 6.8%, by making timely decisions about CPU load management (e.g., disabling processes and components that overload the CPU or run in the background). The positive difference between the developed software application and the existing schedulers is that this application does not overload client devices and does not affect running processes, i.e., does not slow them down. The power-efficient CPU loadingon the client device will ensure the non-breaking of the communication session during video conferences providing processes in the production industries, the remote provision of educational and medical services.

ROBOT PENJELAJAH BERODA AUTONOMOUS

The wheeled robot design consists of various modules with their own functionalities. We chosethe components based on theirs specification, autonomous functionality, and in theirs prices. We assembledthese components as modules. The modules in this design are power supply module, processing modulewhich is used ATMega 328 microcontroller, distance sensor module, line sensor module, wirelesscommunication module, motor driver module and actuator module which is used DC motor. Systemperformance indicated with: Able to follow square, triangle, synes conture and stopping ability. Experimentshawed that all of the modules worked as design. The robot could navigate according to contoursautonomously. We tested by using a display module. We gave inputs and then feeded to processing modulethrough bluetooth. From the experiment, it can be concluded that the robot which was using wall followingmethod could be controlled well. The PID controller performed well so the navigation could be stable. Thestable condition was achieved under 3 seconds. But the performance criteria had not been achieved becausethe maximum overshoot was 41.2% which was far from the limit of 10%.

Psychological Stress Detection and Early Warning System Based on Wireless Network Transmission

To improve the accuracy of stress detection and stress warning errors, this paper designed a new psychological stress detection and warning system based on wireless network transmission. To achieve this objective, we established a real-time setup. The hardware of the system is composed of pulse acquisition module, signal low-pass filtering and amplification module, real-time clock module, wireless network transmission module, and power supply module, respectively. Based on the aforementioned hardware platform, the system software is designed, mainly through the construction of pulse signal noise and the use of wavelet denoising threshold for sensing wavelet packet inverse transformation, to get the reconstructed signal. The peak point of the reconstructed signal is determined, and the value of pulse signal is extracted. According to the characteristic value’s extraction results, the degree of psychological stress is quantified using the psychological stress index (PSI). When the PSI exceeds a predefined threshold, it indicates an early warning of psychological stress. The experimental results show that the psychological stress detection of our system is consistent with the expert evaluation results, the warning time is short, and the practical application effect is good.

Wearable Flexible Phototherapy Device for Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling disease that causes pain and gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. Phototherapy is a new physiotherapy treatment, more effective and stable than other non-pharmacologic management. Conventional phototherapy devices typically suffer from unintelligent and bulky equipment, while existing phototherapy methods require maintain a certain phototherapy distance. Here, we introduce a wearable flexible phototherapy device worn on a knee for osteoarthritis, incorporating a phototherapy adhesive patch and a control box. The phototherapy adhesive patch is capable of softly laminating onto the curved surfaces of the knee skin to increase the effects of phototherapy. We describe the LED array, constant current drive module, key control module, and power supply module that serve as the foundations for the control box. The weight of the device is only 101.8 g. The irradiance of the device can be adjusted linearly and irradiance of the designed phototherapy device based on LED can reach 13 mW/cm2. The maximum temperature of the surface of the light source is 31.2 °C. The device proposed in this work exhibits satisfactory stability, promising a potential in phototherapy.

14-bit ADC as voltage monitoring device for power supply module 6 using I2C interface

<p>Thereare recorded downtime in the current testing processes of microelectronic packages. The available test equipment, the isolation of the power supply modules and the processes of testing must be changed in order to minimize the downtime. This study presents the design and development of a voltage monitoring device made of a 14-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) interfaced through inter-integrated circuit (I2C) for power supply module 6 (PS6). It is built to address the downtime in isolation and testing process of PS6. This setup is able to monitor and display three output voltages operating in 4-12V signals through athin film transistor (TFT) monitor. Tests were conducted for the nominal voltage and current setting scalled the three-point tests. In result, the fault detection and calibration process of PS6 are able to minimize downtimes. The developed voltage monitoring device has an acceptable percentage of 0.04572% which also canbe a replacement for digital multimeters (DMMs) for specific applications to PS6.</p>

Discussion on the design of solar aerator for fish pond

The solar energy is used as the power of the aerator in the solar aerator for fish pond to provide sufficient oxygen for fishes in pond, which meets the needs of general aquaculture. In this paper, solar energy is used as the power source of aerator, and weak current DC aerator replaces the traditional existing strong alternating aerator. The system comprises of a polycrystalline solar panel square array, solar panel bracket, controller, colloidal battery, DC aeration blower, micro-porous aeration coil, DC-DC regulated adjustable power supply module, DC brushless water spray aerator, etc. The experimental results show that the solar aerator can work for 6.5 hours per day on average. Furthermore, after adding the DC-DC regulated and adjustable power supply module, the voltage and the current of the solar aerator are relatively stable. Therefore, the aerator has a noticeable effect on the dissolved oxygen in the water, and it can effectively and stably provide the necessary oxygen for the fish pond.

Measurement of Ion Energy Distribution and Deposition of Ti Thin Films Using ABPPS Technology on Glass Substrate

Ion energy distributions (IEDs) play an important role in material processes and thin film deposition. We developed a newly designed multistep pulsed power supply (modulator) for the asymmetric bipolar pulsed power sputtering (ABPPS) technology and studied the effect of reverse bias voltage in improving the properties of thin films through Ti deposition. Using an ion energy analyzer, we confirmed IEDs and relative ion intensity under a reverse bias voltage of the modulator at the substrate position. A dense plasma was generated near the sputter target at reverse bias voltages above 300 V. Experiments were conducted by varying the bias voltage applied to the sputter target and the duty cycle of the modulator. Our results demonstrate that the in-house-built ABPPS system can be used to clean the sample surfaces without requiring additional energy sources or substrate bias and that thin films prepared using this system have a smoother surface than those prepared by conventional sputtering.