Power Supply Area Research Articles

Spatial Load Forecasting Based on Load Forecasting Reliability

A spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is proposed. It calculates the correlation of wave comprehensive index, variance, maximum predictable ability of each power supply small area’s historical load data by using the analysis theory of grey degree based on the analysis of load forecasting error last target year. The weight of each factor effected on prediction outcomes according to the gray correlation degree is determined, then the load forecasting reliability model of each power supply area is constructed. Finally, by using the adjustment role of load forecasting reliability, the load of target year is forecasted. Actual example shows that the spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is correct and effective.

Plan of Power Communication Network Based on Smart Grid Services

Based on available data and predictions of power distribution and utilization communication services in smart grid of a realistic province, a plan for power communication network is proposed. For access network, communication strategies are explored based on load density of different power supply areas. As for transport network, architecture of trunk and local network is designed and its feasibility is discussed in terms of bandwidth utilization and network survivability.

Optimal Substation Locating and Sizing Based on Improved Weighted Voronoi Diagram and Genetic Algorithm

Optimal planning of substation locating and sizing is one of the major components of distribution system planning projects. In this paper an approach for optimal locating, sizing and determining the power supply areas of substations using Improved Weighted Voronoi Diagram and Genetic Algorithm (WVD-GA) is presented. For rational power supply areas, variable weights and fixed weights are introduced as new concepts of weighted voronoi diagram to adjust the weights dynamically by considering substation characteristics and load density distribution. And an algorithm based on Cellular Automata (CA) for creating weighted voronoi diagram is designed, which greatly improve the performance of the creating process. The results show the efficiency and capability of the proposed method.

Composite materials based on cerium oxide nanoparticles and graphene

Deposition of nanoparticles (NPs) onto graphene (G) surface is actively studied now in connection with the prospects of such composites for use in power supply and other areas. In order to increase the energy density of electrochemical capacitors the development of electrode materials consisting of carbon nanostructures and metal oxides such as CeO2, SnO2 and some others is paid attention. Carbon materials typically exhibit excellent stability and reversibility, but their capacity is limited by microstructure. Therefore, if the integration of these two types of materials is realized high capacitance stability can be attained. Synthesis of the composites was carried out in several stages. In the beginning, dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the Hummers's technique. Then, GO surface was precipitated with CeO2 NPs synthesized in aqueous solutions of Ce(NO3)3 and ammonia. Thereafter, the GO/CeO2 system was reduced to the G/CeO2 one in supercritical isopropanol. The obtained composites were characterized by a complex of structural and spectral methods including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and optical absorption spectroscopy. TEM has revealed that CeO2 NPs in the G/CeO2 composite form associates of a nearly spherical shape. Associates demonstrate a broad size distribution, their average size on G surface is 220 nm. High resolution TEM studies have shown that associates consist of CeO2 NPs of smaller size with an average size of ≍ 12 nm. XRD has shown the presence of two phases: ceria CeO2 with a cubic fluorite structure and graphene. The average size of CeO2 NPs estimated from the region of coherent scattering is ≍11 nm, which agrees well with the TEM data. According to UV-visible spectroscopy, absorption spectra of G/CeO2 dispersion contain an absorption band only in the wavelength range of 280-360 nm typical for CeO2. This work was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation (MK-7155.2013.3).

The Power Supply Area Divided Based on Improved Voronoi Diagram

This paper describes the basic principles of dipartition of the power supply area and uses Voronoi diagram on the dipartition of the power supply area. This paper put forward a model of improved Voronoi diagram based on the basic Voronoi diagram. Depending on the existing transformer substation’s capacity and power supply area surrounding the spatial distribution of the load, we determine weights based on the main transformer capacity and the spatial distribution of the load. In the process of generating the power supply area, we adjust the weights depending on different regions ofthe spatial distribution of heavy load to generate the power supply area based on improved Voronoi diagram model. Then we adjust according to the basic principles of the power supply area and the result based on improved Voronoi diagram model to generate the final result. Compared to the traditional division based on artificial experience, it can reflect rationality of the power supply, improve the accuracy of the partition.

Mid-Term Stability Assessment of Jiangxi Power Grid

Mid-term stability assessment is an important work to support power system operation in a province power grid of China every year. The stability assessment method and process was introduced in this paper. As an example, the stability of Jiangxi province power system was evaluated in the following two years. Weak area and weak transmission line were found out in each power supply area. Prevention and control measures were proposed. According to problems among the assessment process and using the state monitoring data, an approach was discussed to increase the assessment result accuracy. The analysis conclusion provides the reference to the safe and stable operation of Jiangxi power system.

Distribution of the Stray Current of Rebar in the Ballast Bed

Corresponding prevention strategies can be put forward by learning the stray current distribution in the metro rebar. In the paper, the stray current intensity of the rebar in the ballast of the power supply area and the 24-hour polarization potential of the rebar in the ballast are obtained through the test of vertical resistance, track-current drainage net resistance and track-earth resistance, and the polarization potential test in the tunnel ballast of metro system in service. The daily leak of the stray current of the rebar in the ballast is also obtained based on the relationship between the polarization potential and current intensity. The test result shows that the vertical resistance of the track has quite good consistency while the track-current drainage net resistance and track-earth resistance have relatively great discreteness. The polarization potential peak of the rebar in the ballast is over 500mV and the 24-hour equivalent and average current intensity of the rebar in the ballast can rise up to 0.26~0.43A/dm2.

An Efficient Design of 2:1 Multiplexer and Its Application in 1-Bit Full Adder Cell

A multiplexer, sometimes referred to as a mux, is a device that selects between a numbers of input signals. It is a combinational logic circuit. It is a unidirectional device and used in any application in which data must be switched from multiple sources to a destination. This paper represents the simulation of different 2:1 Multiplexer Structures and their comparative analysis on different parameters such as power supply voltage, operating frequency, temperature and area efficiency etc and its application in 1 bit full adder cell. All the simulations have been carried out on BSIM 3V3 90nm technology at Tanner EDA tool. General Terms 2:1 multiplexer, Power-delay product and Speed.

카운터 기반 디지털 보상 기법을 이용한 위상 고정 루프

A digital technique is adopted to calibrate the current mismatch of the charge pump (CP) in phase-locked loops. A 2 ㎓ charge pump PLL (CPPLL) is used to justify the proposed calibration technique. The proposed digital calibration technique is implemented simply using a counter. The proposed calibration technique reduces the calibration time by up to a maximum of 50% compared other with techniques. Also by using a dual-mode CP, good current matching characteristics can be achieved to compensate 0.5㎂ current mismatch in CP. It was designed in a standard 0.13㎛ CMOS technology. The maximum calibration time is 33.6μs and the average power is 18.38㎽ with 1.5V power supply and effective area is 0.1804㎟.

Trial of Engineer Educating of Manufacturing Field in Kagoshima National College of Technology

In Kagoshima National College of Technology, based on investigation with “the job boost measure investigation work in a power supply area” undertaken in the 2005 fiscal year, we accepted the trust from Kyushu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, and undertook “the small-and-medium-sized-enterprises personnel educating work which utilized the technical college etc.” for three years from the 2006 fiscal year to the 2008 fiscal year. As the trial of engineer educating according to the electrical engineering concept to the manufacturing field based on a conventional result, we act as a professor of the base technique for applying alternative energy (a fuel cell and a solar cell) in which social needs are powerful these days, and aim at aiming at cultivation of the problem-solving type engineer who can contribute to a low carbon society through manufacturing, we undertook this work according to the manufacturing bearer educating work (personnel educating and secured work of the manufacturing field) in the 2009 fiscal year of National Federation of Small Business Associations.

Estimating energy consumption from night-time DMPS/OLS imagery after correcting for saturation effects

A methodology is presented to accurately estimate electric power consumption from saturated night-time Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) imagery using a stable light correction. An area correction for the stable light image of DMSP/OLS for the year 1999 was performed and the build-up area rate data were used to clarify the intensity distribution characteristics of the stable light. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the stable light, the saturation light of the electric power supply area of Japan was corrected using a cubic regression equation. The regression between the correction calculations by the cubic regression equation and the statistical electric power consumption data was applied in Japan and also in China, India and 10 other Asian countries. The correction method was then evaluated. This study confirms that electric power consumption can be estimated with high precision from the stable light.

Design of a Tunable All-Digital UWB Pulse Generator CMOS Chip for Wireless Endoscope

A novel tunable all-digital, ultrawideband pulse generator (PG) has been implemented in a standard 0.18-¿ m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process for implantable medical applications. The chip shows that an ultra-low dynamic energy consumption of 27 pJ per pulse without static current flow at a 200-MHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) with a 1.8-V power supply and low area of 90 × 50 ¿m(2). The PG generates tunable pulsewidth, amplitude, and transmit (Tx) power by using simple circuitry, through precise timing control of the H-bridge output stage. The all-digital architecture allows easy integration into a standard CMOS process, thus making it the most suitable candidate for in-vivo biotelemetry applications.

Preliminary Experiments for Power Supply Noise Reduction Using On-Board Stubs

SUMMARY This paper demonstrates a power supply noise reductionusing on-board stubs. A quarter-length stub attached to the power supplyline of an LSI chip works as a band-eliminate filter, and suppresses thepower supply noise of the designed frequency. Preliminary experimentsshow that 87% of the designed frequency noise component is suppressedwhen stub patterns are written on a power supply area on a PCB board fora 1.25GHz operating LSI. The results show the possibility of the stub on-chip integration when the operating frequency of LSIs becomes higher andthe stub length becomes shorter. key words: stub, on-board, power supply noise, di / dt noise, PRBS pattern 1. Introduction As the process technology advances, the number of transis-tors on an LSI chip has been increasing and their high speedoperation generates more power supply noise while the lowsupply voltage reduces the noise margin. Thus, the powersupply noise becomes a serious issue for the reliability ofthe LSI operations.Recently, a

Design and Identification of an Equivalent Circuit for an LCT Component: Inventory and Representation of Losses

A new kind of passive component, the LCT [integrated inductor (L), capacitor (C), and transformer (T)] is becoming very fashionable in the switch mode power supply area. Starting from our knowledge in transformer characterization, we recently elaborated an equivalent circuit for this component. This equivalent circuit is fully deducible from impedance measurements. No dismounting of the component is needed, and no information about its internal design is required. This paper aims mainly to present the new equivalent circuit and the method leading to its identification using a commercial impedance analyzer. The LCT intended to a 300-W power supply working at 200 kHz has been built and characterized between 100 Hz and 40 MHz. Analyzing the frequency dependence of the real part of serial and parallel impedances, several kind of losses rarely taken into account have been identified. Among these losses are those related to the capacitor insulator and those due to the dielectric constant of Mn-Zn ferrite core. Equivalent circuits are supplied to represent every type of loss, and their accuracy is checked.

Intelligence for miniature robots

It seems clear that small robots which take advantage of recent reductions in packaging size and costs of microelectronics can potentially be very useful; even more so if similar savings could be achieved in the actuation and power supply areas. Typically, the computational power required in a robotic system that connects perception to action is enormous, but if the organization of the sensors, actuators and computing elements is carefully laid out, the actual silicon area required for the intelligence system becomes quite small. A viable avenue of pursuit, then, is to aim towards scaling down the rest of the subsystems in a robot to the same scale as the control system, integrating motors, sensors, computation and power supplies onto a single piece of silicon; the advantages being mass productibility, lower costs and the avoidance of the usual connector problems encountered in combining discrete subsystems. By rethinking implementation strategies with this new form of robotic technology (i.e., the application of many very small robots), it may be possible to solve many problems more cost effectively, albeit in novel ways. As the completely integrated robot faces many technology hurdles, it seems necessary to focus on just one or two of the problem areas at a time. It turns out that many of the cost-saving benefits still accrue at small, but macroscopic scales. This paper describes an exercise of building a complete system, aimed at being as small as possible, but using off the shelf components exclusively. The result is an autonomous mobile robot slightly larger than one cubic inch, which incorporates sensing, actuation, onboard computation and on-board power supplies. Nicknamed Squirt, this robot acts as a ‘bug’, hiding in dark corners and venturing out in the direction of last heard noises, only moving after the noises are long gone.