Power Of Money Research Articles

There is no capitalist conspiracy and the rich are not all‐powerful

There is no capitalist conspiracy and the rich are not all‐powerful

Charles Austin Beard’s Economic Interpretation of the American Century through His Journalistic Writings

ABSTRACT Beginning with the publication of An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States in 1913, Charles Austin Beard gained fame and notoriety as a historian by writing about the power of money over politics and policy. In his analysis of American history, he did not make an exception for the Second World War or the Cold War. Those conflicts, too, had an economic subtext. Yet, in his two most famous books dealing with the dawn of the American Century, American Foreign Policy in the Making, 1932–1940: A Study in Responsibilities (1946) and President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War, 1941: A Study in Appearances and Realities (1948), he focused narrowly on Roosevelt’s foreign policy decisions. These books contributed to the impression that in his later years he had moved beyond the economic interpretation of history. A leading public intellectual, Beard also wrote numerous magazine articles about the motives behind America’s interwar, wartime, and post-war foreign policy. His journalistic first draft of history crucially supplements the last books that he published and shows him to have retained the view that there is no politics without economics.

ԴՐԱՄՆԵՐԻ ՄՈԳԱԿԱՆ ԵՎ ԳԵՂԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ԱՐԺԵՔՆԵՐԸ (ՀԱՅ.) / MAGICAL AND AESTHETIC VALUES OF COINS

In folk traditions and beliefs, money has various properties in addition to its main function- the amount of value. In Armenian folk beliefs, coins protect against evil forces –they are apotropaic charms; besides, they bring abundance, happiness, health, growth, etc. Thus, they play an important role in popular feasts and rituals. The supernatural features of coins are related to the power attributed to metals. Coins save from terrible dreams, help to overcome fear, heal the diseases, protect from the evil eye, ect. According to the foundation ritual when building a house, money is placed in the basement- in the corner, under the threshold, in walls so that the building be strong: the devils are afraid of the coins so they do not approach and destroy the house. Besides, the coins bring abundance, wealth, fortune, and many children. The practice of consecrating foundation offerings originated as early as the art of building. On the occasion of engagement ceremonies and wedding rituals both jewellery and money were presented to the newlyweds. In agricultural rites, the coins help to ensure the fertility of the soil: when plowing the land, money is thrown into the first furrow and when planting a tree, money is put into the pit for auspicious growth and abundant harvest. Money is a means of divination. The most powerful coin is the one got out of the New Year's bread called “tari hats” (literally: year bread). The person who finds it is “the owner of the year and the luckiest one”. He keeps it in his purse so that it be full of money all year round or takes it to the church, buys a candle and lights it, praying before the saints. Money is a charm by itself or a component part of various charms. The magical power of money comes from the moon (besides the metals). As the symbol of the adorable moon, the coin bears its miraculous features. Especially the growing new moon brings happiness, health, and fullness. In order “to turn the coin into a new moon”, the coin was cut (circular on the bottom) by special people: 1. the priest during the liturgy, 2. the witch, praying on the new moon, 3. the blacksmith, 4. the member of the family that has received this gift from above. Jewellery and patterns symbolizing the moon have always been of special value and popular in Armenia. It is noteworthy that pendants of different decorations symbolizing the new moon (called "new") made in various jewellery techniques were often replaced by coins in 18th – 20th centuries. Most of the ornaments have their counterparts in coins, such as forehead ornaments, bracelets, breast ornaments, belts and the like. But more common were the countless types of jewellery and amulets mixed with coins (Russian, Ottoman, Persian and European) and various types of jewellery. The money, which is not made of metal, and was of great importance in Armenia was the cowrie shell. Besides their monetary value, they were used as magical multi-functional amulets and adornments. These shells were obtained from the Indian, Pacific Oceans, Mediterranean and other seas and were brought to Armenia since ancient times as evidenced by archaeological excavations in different regions of Armenia.

Egyptian Women Controversial Issues and the Digital Public Sphere: Can Social Media Debates Be Used as Indicators of Social Struggle in Society?

Egyptian Women Controversial Issues and the Digital Public Sphere:Can Social Media Debates Be Used as Indicators of Social Struggle in Society? Enas Abou Youssef (bio) 1. Introduction Can social media networks be used as indicators of social class conflict in society? This is the core research question of this study. Social media networks have opened a new digital public sphere era. In Egypt, ever since the uprising on January 25, 2011, social media networks are considered one of the focal communicative tools that encouraged civic participation from many socio-ideological classes to the extent that the uprising was called the "Facebook revolution."1 Since 2011, the country has witnessed many waves of polarization. At the beginning, polarization was political where Islamists were facing secular trends. That polarization shed its light in other [End Page 58] aspects of social and economic life in Egypt later on. Many cultural and socioeconomic issues were displayed on social media and reflected diverse attitudes, approaches, and even values specifically regarding women's issues. In Egypt, among other Arab countries, the assumption that digital public sphere has higher freedom ceiling with socio-cultural issues is true to a substantial extent. Based on this assumption, one can examine socio-cultural struggles in Egyptian society from social issues debated and displayed on social media. Facebook, twitter, Tik-Tok, and reels can be considered reflections of different social classes that have access and are digitally empowered to dominate in the digital public sphere.2 According to Pierre Bourdieu, social status can be analyzed by considering three exchangeable capitals: economic, social, and cultural. In general, economic capital consists of money, assets, and property the individual holds. Social capital includes actual or virtual groups to which the individual belongs, their durable networks, and more or less institutionalized relationships.3 Cultural capital refers to the type of education and socialization that allows individuals to demonstrate their knowledge and cultural consumption and that differentiates them from other social groups.4 This article aims to present an analysis of Egyptian women's controversial issues that are displayed on the social media "Facebook" from one side and their indications to types of socio-cultural conflict existing in society from the other side during June 2021-July 2022. The key question is: What are the recent social conflict characteristics concluded from debates addressing Egyptian women's controversial issues displayed and trended on social networks? [End Page 59] 2. Reviewing the Literature and Theoretical Conceptual Framework 2.1 Digital Public Sphere One of the major points Jürgen Habermas highlighted when presenting the concept of "Public Sphere" is that sphere is "open to all." A public sphere refers to a society that can become engaged in "critical public debate."5 Accordingly, the public sphere would be linked to media for information, communication, and access by all citizens. Media plays the role of promoting the open market of ideas in liberal societies. Habermas thereby stresses that the public sphere is not just a sphere of public political communication, but also one that enables social relations using media.6 However, some scholars have argued that the idea of a public sphere, which is free from state censorship and private ownership, does not exist. Niklas Luhmann, for example, assured that all social systems, including communication systems, are related to the power of money and the paid/unpaid in the economy or the power of who is in office/out of office in politics.7 It should be noted that media systems never function in a vacuum. They are part of the political, socioeconomic system in society. Yet, recent technological factors have loosened the public sphere and opened access to more societal participants. Social media networks created new public sphere horizons of political communication. In 2011, there were revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, and beyond. The common aspects of these protests were the use of social media networks as tactics of political, economic, and social protests, creating a new public space that reflected a common crisis of society.8 The digital public sphere is a communicative sphere that is provided or supported by online or social media – from websites to social network sites, weblogs, and micro-blogs. These platforms provide...

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Mahasiswa Dalam Memilih Karir sebagai Entrepreneur Muslim di Bogor


 Indonesia's potential to experience a recession is around 3 percent and is one of 15 countries that have the potential to experience a recession in 2023. One of the factors that Indonesia cannot avoid the impact of the upcoming 2023 Economic Recession is the distribution of goods and services in society and the power of money. Some of the impacts of the recession that have been felt by the Indonesian people are when there was a massive layoff in the e-commerce industry this year, which is the biggest job absorbing place for millennials. While being an employee may no longer be the best choice, entrepreneurship is the answer of choice for millennials to create new job opportunities. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence student interest in choosing a career as a Muslim entrepreneur in Bogor. This study uses a quantitative approach method. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. This questionnaire was conducted through an online form. Then the data obtained from the questionnaire was processed using IBM SPSS 22. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results showed that the factors that related and influenced the entrepreneurial interest were GPA, attitudes, motivation and parental occupation, while the parents' perception and income had no influence on entrepreneurial interest.
 Keywords: internal factors, external factors, entrepreneurial interest

Business Political Oligarchy’s Involvement and the State’s Role in Exporting Lobster Seeds

Background: The monopoly on freight forwarding services, the monopoly on lobster seed export permits, the evidence of corruption cases that indicted Edhy Prabowo, and the involvement of a string of Gerindra public policy party officials in the case are all symptoms of business political oligarch involvement, which can be seen from the extreme forces concentrated into several hands undermining public policy. Aim: The researcher was interested in the role played by oligarchs and the state in the permitting of the export of lobster seed under President Joko Widodo's administration, as well as the state's capacity to exert control over oligarchs. Method: This study uses qualitative research with primary and secondary data sources using the interview method. This thesis is based on an analysis of the theory of the state and power, public policy and oligarchy. Findings: The extreme pressures concentrated into a few hands corrupting public policy can be observed as the involvement of business and political oligarchs in the case of lobster seed export approvals. Oligarchs are affected if money power creates a beneficial distortion for the select few who utilize their wealth to get results. Additionally, if everything is settled and paid for with money, oligarchy power is being displayed.

Effect of the exchange rate change on the purchasing power of the consumer of agri –food by using (ARDL) model

In this paper, we studied of the impact of the exchange rate change on the (CPI) of Agri-food during the period (January 2019 - December 2021), to determine the extent of the exchange rate used as a tool for economic policy in Egypt, and to identify the extent to which the actual reality matches the economic theory that emphasizes that the high price of The exchange leads to a decrease in the purchasing power of money and then to the consumer. Statistical tests have been conducted to ensure the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the changes that occur in the exchange rate on the (CPI) of Agri-food , using the Autoregressive Distributed lagged (ARDL) methodology, where it was found an inverse relationship Between the exchange rate and the (CPI) of Agri-food , a relationship that is consistent with the economic logic , there was an equilibrium relationship in the long run between the exchange rate and the purchasing power of the consumer of Agri-food represented in the (CPI) of Agri-food, as its estimated morale has been proven.

Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga, Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Konsumsi Masyarakat, Jumlah Uang Beredar, serta Nilai Tukar Terhadap Inflasi di Indonesia Tahun 1997-2020

Inflation is a decline in the purchasing power of money and is reflected in the general rise prices of goods and services in an economy. Inflation decrease real income and has a negative impact on macroeconomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of interest rates, government spending, public consumption, money supply, and exchange rates on Indonesia inflation during the periode 1997-2020, using Ordinary Least Square reservation analysis. The outcomes display authorities spending and the exchange rate had a positive effect on inflation, and the money supply had a negative impact on inflation. On the order hand, between 1997 until 2020, interest rates and public consumption did not affect Indonesia’s inflation.

Art and Authority - Pop Art in the United States of America as model

The study discusses the subject of art and authority, and presents the experience of public art and the influence of authority in its various manifestations as a model., The study examined the concept from different points of view, In order to enrich the knowledge of the concept of authority. Then the study discussed the evolution of the relationship between power and art historically. The study aimed to identify the influence of authority strategies in guiding the philosophical thought of pop art and reveal the formal connotations that artists projected their works under the influence of authority. According to the stage the connection between art and authority developed. Among the most prominent manifestations of development is the decline in the influence of religious authority on Western consciousness in contrast to the growing influence of the power of money and politics, and the influence of the media and consumption. Among the most important results are: The different forms of power led to the enrichment of the expressionist scene of contemporary art in new expressive methods and tools at levels that touched the development of the collective consciousness of Western societies, especially the repercussions of the industrial and technological revolution that the authority sponsored, and it had the greatest impact on art and societies in the twentieth century, but it seemed invisible and wrapped in masks of freedom. Key words: art, authority, pop art.

From the streets to the statehouse: how tenant movements affect housing policy in Los Angeles and Berlin

How can tenants affect housing policy? This paper compares rental housing politics in Los Angeles (USA) and Berlin (Germany) between 2008-2020 by examining how political processes influenced policy. It serves as a case of the emergence, escalation, and impact of tenant power. Tenant movement organizations employed five mechanisms to affect policymaking: (1) making demands, (2) forming coalitions, (3) promoting referendums, (4) engaging government officials in dialogue, and (5) transferring agents to government. The paper draws on multiple data sources, including interviews and participant observation over ten years. The cities witnessed policy episodes with four parallel characteristics: (1) locally progressive and regionally moderate, (2) shifting from defensive to offensive, (3) shifting from particular to universal, and (4) signs of a breakthrough beyond neoliberal housing policymaking. The findings suggest that the rise of tenant movements and their allies help drive policy change via multiple channels, exhibiting both similarities and differences across cities, especially in terms of money power and people power.

The Democratic State and Redistribution: Whose Interests Are Served?

Growing economic inequality has raised concerns that democratic governments are no longer responsive to popular demands for redistribution either because the state capacity is eroded by footloose capital or because the wealthy subvert democracy through the power of money. In this paper we critically assess these conjectures against long-standing arguments about redistribution and insurance under democracy. We test the alternatives on a new comprehensive dataset on income inequality from 17 advanced democracies between 1980 and 2019. We find that before taxes and transfers income inequality has increased markedly everywhere but also that government redistribution has played a critical role in compensating the middle class and to a perhaps surprising degree also the poor. However, the United States is a large outlier.

A Yorkstone Godzilla. A materiality of mutuality at the Halifax Building Society, 1968–1974

ABSTRACT How does a monumental building – the former headquarters of the Halifax Building Society – in a northern English town embody a material expression of the mutualised mortgage industry dominant in the UK at the time of its conception and construction? How does this building correspond to a specific dispositif of mutuality? I consider questions such as these through documentary research, an interview, and correspondence with an architect who worked on the project (1968–1974). The building’s current use as a global banking group’s ‘head office’ is significantly different from that which supported mutuality in the 1970s, and I consider the building’s architectural and technological forms to understand how it organised a material cultural expression of the mutual building society’s power, and of its members’ money–power, through the mechanisation of an intensifying mortgage-handling business and the bunkering of a gradually increasing stock of mortgage paper.

Whose limit? Water and democracy in a Green Californian Desert

Groundwater governance in Cuyama Valley, California unites the structural dilemmas of neoliberal environmental governance: a weak state, powerful corporations, a population called to participate but not to decide, and a limited vital resource. Creating institutions of self-governance in the conflictual domain of groundwater use draws local actors into the center of political struggles and strategies, as the State of California avoids governing or limiting groundwater use, purportedly for fear of getting embroiled in costly and lengthy lawsuits with private agroindustry. The SGMA process illustrates the power of property and money in the political game of sustainable resource governance, but it also confronts powerful actors with objectivizing satellite surveys, that point to absolute limits and challenge the growth myth. Institution-building for groundwater governance in Cuyama exposes the strategies of agricultural corporations towards local residents, highlighting the tensions inscribed in the very design of SGMA's polycentric governance structure, between the power to decide and the power to advise. Local residents have appropriated the language of science to contest strategies of denial by the agro-corporations, and to speak reason to unreasonable water users.

On the purchasing power of Russian money (or on the meeting of income with indomitable prices)

On the purchasing power of Russian money (or on the meeting of income with indomitable prices)

El dinero en las sociedades modernas: reflexiones desde José Ortega y Gasset y Raymond Aron

This article aims to reflect on the role of money in modern societies. To do this, two readings that have been made, in this sense, throughout the 20th century will be addressed. On the one hand, the one carried out by Ortega y Gasset. The Spanish philosopher will draw attention to the power of money in modern societies and will explain why, in the 20th century, they were probably facing one of the most chrematistic times in history. Second, Raymond Aron's reading will be addressed, who, from a political perspective, will also point out, albeit indirectly, how money intervenes in the life of modern democracies.

Exploring Double Consciousness: Capitalist Attitude and White Supremacy in Drama Serial Parizaad

The current research study explores the suffering of double consciousness in the character of Parizaad in Pakistani Urdu drama serial, Parizaad. It is a story which unfolds Marxist, racist and sociological themes. However, the researcher has utilized a non-empirical Textual Analysis Method of research along with following the concept of double consciousness by Du Bois as a theoretical framework for analyzing the drama serial to explore the research objective. The framework argues that black people are behaved racially which causes inferiority complex, second-sight and twoness in them. Similarly, the analysis of the drama serial in this research study manifested that Pakistani brown people, following white legacy of racism, consider themselves superior to their fellow blackish people. Also, the power of money is dominant, and such socio-economic factors cause double consciousness in the character of blackish-skin Parizaad.

The Law of Instant Equality of the Purchasing Power of Money

The article proves effectiveness of the law of instant equality of money unit buying capacity. It is shown that the law explains the phenomenon of money unit arising as a value measure and, consequently, grounds the unity of money arising principles as virtual value measure and real measures, i.e. physical quantities. The author analyzes historical evolution of money types and provides arguments that it is underlain by changing methods of fixing the money unit buying capacity. It is demonstrated that the quality of money units and, thus money systems, changes, when the method is altered. It is stated that the phenomenon of arising a unique buying capacity of all money units of the national currency at any moment of time possesses the same character as the method of providing the unity of measuring physical quantities. Consequently, the author comes to the conclusion that money units acting as a cost value should obey the basic principles of science dealing with measurements, i.e. ‘metrology’. The article grounds that methods providing the unity of value measuring through money, as well as methods providing the unity of measuring physical quantities correlate with the level of available technological possibilities. It could be concluded that due to the correlation requirement a new type of virtual money with constant buying capacity or ‘virtual gold’ will come into being. It is underlined that virtual gold can be used only within the frames of a brand new, i.e. bi-currency money system. It is characterized by simultaneous functioning of traditional paper money and previously unknown money with constant buying capacity.

Exploring the Antecedents of Money Attitudes in China: Evidence From University Students.

With rapid economic growth and institutional reform, the pursuit of money and material possessions has become the most prevalent value in contemporary China. This study focuses on the cultural root of money attitudes among the young adults. Specifically, 332 Chinese university students participated in a survey to report on their need for power, need for achievement, belief in guanxi, and love of money. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show positive influences of need for power and need for achievement on individuals’ love of money. Moreover, belief in guanxi mediates the relationship between need for power and love of money. The application of indigenous cultural concepts in analyzing social behavior in Eastern cultures is emphasized. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

The Role of Word-Of-Mouth, Shopping Lifestyle and City Walk Concept on Brand Image Mall in Indonesia

ABSTRACT
 After 2 years of going through the covid-19 pandemic, now malls or shopping centers can operate normally. Economic growth in Tegal is quite high, changing people's lifestyles and consumption behavior. The consumerism character of the people of Tegal has an impact on the high purchasing power and circulation of money. The fairly high competition does not discourage mall and retail business players from competing competitively. People will look for shopping places that provide comfort, magnificent buildings, exterior and interior form a good image of a mall. This study uses a randomized quantitative approach with the population being Mall visitors in Tegal. The number of samples taken in this study were 100 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, namely samples that were met by chance and met the criteria in this study. The research data was obtained through questionnaires distributed and filled in by the respondents, which would then be processed with SPSS 22. The results of this study found that "The Role of Word-of-Mouth, Shopping Lifestyle and City Walk Concept significantly affects the Brand Image Mall in Tegal".

Informational nature of money

The study of the relationship between information and money is one of the most relevant, widely discussed and yet difficult issues to explore. However, many aspects remain unclear, requiring deeper research and understanding. The object of this study was the nature of subjective assessments, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics in relation to the direct exchange of things. The content of objective exchange value as a relative value that is not measurable has been revealed in the article. It carries with it information about the proportion of things exchanged. The quantitative ratio of the value of the available monetary units and the units value of goods exchanged for them determines the price of money. The connection between commodity and credit money has been traced. It has been proved that money fulfills its information function as imaginary, ideal money. It has been concluded about the spontaneous adaptation of the competitive markets, money and prices information system to the conditions of falling purchasing power of money. The results of the study extend knowledge about the informational nature of money and outline perspectives for further research.