Link Power Budget Research Articles

Penerepan Analisis Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Dengan Rasio Spliter dan Pasif Spliter Pada 8 Optical Distribution Point (ODP)

This service aims to analyze the application of Optical Line Terminal (OLT) with splitter and passive splitter ratios at eight Optical Distribution Points (ODP) in the Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network. Through distance measurements, observations, and analysis of the power link budget and rise time budget, this research evaluates the performance of the FTTH network and determines the optimal configuration for the OLT and splitter. The results show that proper OLT settings and splitter ratios can significantly improve optical network performance. These findings provide practical guidance for internet service providers in designing efficient and reliable FTTH networks.

Comparing the Performance of Optical Communication Links using G.652 and G.655 Fiber in Python Packages

This study investigates and compares the performance of a 10 Gbps optical communication link utilizing two prevalent single-mode fibers: G.652 and G.655. The analysis employs both theoretical calculations and Python-based simulations to assess the effectiveness of each fiber type in this high-speed transmission scenario. With the ever-growing demand for bandwidth in communication networks, 10 Gbps transmission systems are becoming increasingly commonplace. Single-mode fibers like G.652 and G.655 play a vital role in these systems, offering low signal attenuation for long-distance data transmission. However, each fiber type exhibits distinct dispersion characteristics, which can impact signal integrity over extended distances. This investigation adopts a two method for performance evaluation. Firstly, link power budget calculations are performed to determine the optical signal power before and after propagating through a 50-kilometer fiber span. The received power serves as the foundation for subsequent Q-factor and Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis. These calculations establish the theoretical limitations of the system based on well-defined formulas. Secondly, Python-based simulations are conducted to corroborate the theoretical findings and provide a more comprehensive performance assessment. This approach leverages the capabilities of two prominent Python packages: Opticomlib and OpticommPy. Opticomlib excels at analyzing the behavior of individual optical pulses within the system, enabling an understanding of the signal propagation. On the other hand, OpticommPy specializes in parameter sweep analysis, allowing for the investigation of how critical parameters like received power influence the Q-factor. By combining these functionalities, the simulations provide a detailed picture of the system's performance under various conditions. The calculated BER and Q-factor values for both G.652 and G.655 fiber links surpass the industry-accepted performance standards. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using Python-based tools for comprehensive performance analysis of optical communication systems. However, it's important to note that slight discrepancies exist between the calculated and simulated results.

PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN FTTH GPON DI CLUSTER MARGA

FTTH is an access network that uses fiber optic as a transmission medium to be distributed to customers. This fiber optic network has very good performance and is reliable and will have a very positive impact on customers, in order for clients to be happy with the services that telecom companies provide, especially in Indonesia. This research will discuss the design of a Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network in Tabanan Regency, Marga Village which includes the value of the Link Power Budget, Rise Time, and the amount of traffic required. after calculating the theoretical power link budget with samples based on the furthest distance (OLT to FAT 1). The value of the power receivers (Prx) from this design is obtained by a Prx value of -20.414 dBm (Downlink) and in the implementation the Prx difference is obtained, where at the farthest FAT (FAT 1) the Prx value is -16.65 dBm. Regarding the Marga area, it complies with the ITU-T G.984 standard, which is the GPON network implementation standard.

Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home Berbasis Gigabit Passive Optical Network Di Citra Garden Puri Cluste Denza

This research aims to design a GPON-based Fiber to The Home (FTTH) line in the Citra Garden Puri cluster Denza . The method used is to carry out field observations, by conducting surveys to determine the need for equipment that will be used in designing the route. After the survey is conducted, this project requires Google Earth Pro software to do the mapping of the spot that is used for the ODP and to create passages for the fiber. To make sure that all planning already meets the requirement, there are several calculationdone in this research such as; link loss budget, power link budget, power margin and risetime budget. The distance that were used in the calculation are calculated from the STO Cengkareng until the ONT on each customer. Based on the calculation, the result of the biggest loss for link loss budget are obtained from the upstream, in the amount of 22,0456 dB and the loss from downstream are equals to 21,5721 dB. The result that obtained for the upstream loss of power link budget are equals to -17,0456 dBm and -16,5172 dBm for downstream. The next calculation is power margin, from this project we obtained the lowest power margin for the upstream 6,9544 dB and 7,4288 dB for downstream. The last calculation obtained for this project is rise time budget, from the calculation the shortest data for the rise time budget upstream is 0,1001 ns and for the downstream is 0,1019 ns. Based on all the calculation, this project can be concluded as a success because all the calculation are between the boundary that is tolerated by PT Telkom.

Analisa Performansi menggunakan Metode Power Link Budget pada Jaringan FTTH Perumahan Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castaric

According to research conducted by Telkom, Telkom has experienced the addition of Indihome users up to 1.01 million users. So the total number of Indihome subscribers reached 8.02 million. The increasing demand for Indihome subscriptions and also the farther the customer's location will be to reach, the longer the Fiber Optic cable used, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to determine the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. Furthermore, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to know the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. The analysis was carried out after processing the data using the method. The calculation method used is the power link budget. The power link budget determines the distance and number of connections that affect the attenuation of the indihome fiber optic network in the Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica Housing Complex. And the conclusion obtained is that the FTTH network in Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica can be categorized as feasible for the maximum total attenuation on the network of 27.92009 dB and the customer's farthest distance from OLT/STO is 7.0574 Km which is in accordance with the standard set by ITU-T G.984 as well as the regulations set by PT. Telkom

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (GPON)

The development of technology that we use today is increasingly developing, especially in the world of telecommunications. Rapid changes in telecommunications networks are also driven by users' need to stay connected anytime and anywhere. Various new application features such as multimedia services, video conferencing, online games and internet services require larger bandwidth at high speeds. The aim of this research is to understand the basic concepts of Fiber To The Home network design, to obtain a Fiber To The Home access network design based on the location of device placement in the FTTH network design, to analyze the Link Power Budget parameters as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results, and to find out implementation of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The data collection methods used are literature methods, observation methods, and analysis techniques. The results of the research, the basic concept of Fiber To The Home network design is easy for users to understand, the location of device placement in the FTTH network design can be obtained based on the Fiber To The Home access network design, the Link Power Budget parameter as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results can be used as an analysis reference, and Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) can be applied to FTTH network design.

RETRACTED: A 6U CubeSat Platform for Low Earth Remote Sensing: DEWASAT-2 Mission Concept and Analysis

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of DEWASAT-2, a 6U CubeSat designed for low Earth remote sensing applications. DEWASAT-2 is equipped with two payloads: a high-resolution camera for Earth observation and a spectrometer for detecting greenhouse gases. This paper describes the mission analysis and design of DEWASAT-2 as well as the link budget, power budget, and data budget. Additionally, the paper includes simulations and plots that illustrate the access times, lifetime, and other important parameters of the CubeSat. The outcomes presented in this article emphasise that DEWASAT-2 will contribute to fulfilling and enhancing various use cases of the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) network such as weather monitoring and forecasting and the detection of seawater salinity.

ATTENUATION ANALYSIS ON FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH) NETWORK WITH GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWROK (GPON) AT OXYGEN HOME PONTIANAK

Optical fiber as a transmission medium that meets the needs of the internet with large bandwidth. The FTTH (Fiber To The Home) network can deliver a variety of digital information, such as voice, video and data more effectively so that it can support the Triple Play service marketed by Oxygen Home. To determine the feasibility and performance of the FTTH (Fiber To The Home) design system in the Bali Agung 2 Complex, South Pontianak, it will be assessed based on test parameters. The test parameters are Power Link Budget for system feasibility and BER (Bit Error Ratio) will be displayed with an eye diagram for system performance used using Optisystem software, Optisystem is software that can be used to simulate a fiber optic network from central to end – user. From the results of the FTTH network simulator using optical system software, it is found that the farthest user attenuation value is Prx: -16.018 dBm, 1.4804 x 10-61 and Q factor 16.5122. The results obtained are feasible because they are above the minimum FTTH network standard with GPON technology

Construction of Fiber Optical Communication System Infrastructure for 3T (Terdepan, Terluar dan Tertinggal) Areas Using Fiber to the Area Network System

Distribution of telecommunications in Indonesia, the government is aggressively building telecommunications network facilities, especially for 3T areas (Frontier, Outermost and Disadvantaged). Because there are still many areas that have not received access to telecommunications services, the Fiber to The Area (FTTA) network is the right solution to meet the needs of the community in economic, environmental and technical aspects. This design will provide an expansion of Fixed Broadband services around the Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Pandeglang Regency, Banten. Later this fiber optic access network will use a Fiber To The Area (FTTA) network topology that connects the CO (Central Office) as a Metro Ethernet and DWDM hub with the Mini OLT Shelter as an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) hub supported by NG-PON (Next-Generation) PON (Passive Optical Network) technology with 2 Stage architecture which involves two stages of sending information signals through optical fiber. This design must first be designed on Google Earth to determine the fiber optic cable path and to determine the feasibility of performance on the system the author uses several test components including: Link Power Budget (LPB) testing, Rise Time Budget (RTB), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), Quality Factor (Q-Factor) which is simulated on optisystem to be able to provide performance values that match the eligibility standards at PT Telkom Indonesia.

Distribution Network Expansion Analysis Using Branching Optical Distribution Point (ODP) and Fiber Optic Attenuation (FO) Methods

Background : Data access using copper is considered slower than Fiber Optic access networks, which encourages many customers who switch to Fiber Optic.
 Objective : This study aims to analyze the installation of Fiber Optic networks using Optic System Software in new areas and analyze attenuation in Fiber Optic networks using Link power budget.
 Method : The method used in this study is PPDIOO : Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize.
 Results : The Optical Power Meter (OPM) simulation on the new ODP using Opti System produces a value of receiving power (Pr) -19.48 dBm (as a sample) and for the calculation results using the Power Link Budget (PLB) the total value of receiving Power (Pr) -20.40 dBm while Measurement results using Optical Power Meter (OPM) (Pr) -19.89 dBm (as a sample).
 Conclusion : The results of measurements and measurements have similarities, namely if the distance between the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) and Optical Distribution Point (ODP) is greater, the greater the value of the receiving power or attenuation.

Perancangan dan Analisis Jaringan FTTB Berbasis Teknologi GPON Pada Bangunan Hotel

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Fiber To The Building (FTTB) network infrastructure based on Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology in a hotel cluster building located in West Sumatra, Indonesia. GPON technology was selected for its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the distribution area, particularly when the terminal bandwidth is set at ≤500 Mbps. The waterfall method was utilized in the network's design. The results were tested and analyzed across three Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers: the physical layer, represented by the link power budget; the datalink layer, represented by the Traffic Container (T-CONT); and the network layer, represented by the QoS network performance. The link power budget showed a minimum received power of -16.41 dBm on the downlink and -18.95 dBm on the uplink, with a power margin value above zero. T-CONT has been implemented with the fixed bandwidth value set to provide a bandwidth guarantee meeting the minimum requirement of 1.1 Mbps. The network performance of the FTTB GPON demonstrated excellent performance, as per Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Network (TIPHON) standards, recording a latency of 1.18 ms, jitter of 0.18 ms, and zero packet loss

Fiber Optic Network Performance Analysis With Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Architecture

<p>Prototype is a tool used as a learning medium that has the same shape and function as the original tool or unit. The use of simulator tools as a means of learning is one of the learning methods that is very well used to find out the components, functions, and how the tool or unit works. Limitations in the delivery of lecture materials regarding Optical Networks due to the absence of modules and prototypes that help the lecture process this prototype is one of the solutions that can be used in the lecture process. Testing this prototype with measurements of damping and power obtained after configuring and installing a fiber to the home network using an optical power meter. Data analysis used in the quality of service in the system is the value of attenuation and power (power link budget) in units of dB and dBm. The results of the test get a good attenuation according to the established ratio. The practicum module is an implementation after the configuration and measurement of damping so that it can be a guide for conducting fiber optic network practicum in the Telecommunication Engineering study program.</p>

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) Network Design Using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) Technology Using Link Power Budget and Rise Time Budget Analysis in Cibeber Village Tasikmalaya

Fiber optic is a transmission medium that can transmit information with large capacity. One of the developments in local fiber access networks is FTTH (Fiber to The Home). The construction of the FTTH network uses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology so that it can provide broadband services to customers with a wider range. This research was studied by designing FTTH based on GPON technology in Cibeber Village, Manonjaya District. The existing condition of the FTTH network in Cibeber Village is that there are 2 Optical Distribution Points (ODP) for 20 customers with each ODP having 10 subscribers. From the results of the location survey by measuring the distance to each customer, the furthest distance to the customer for the two ODPs was obtained, so that 2 new ODPs were needed for the design. From the design of the new optical network infrastructure, it has been analyzed using the link power budget and rise time budget method based on the customer with the farthest distance before the addition of ODP has a Power Receive sensitivity of -16.631 dBm to -15.631 dBm on the uplink and -16.644 dBm to -15.574 dBm on the downlink, these results are in accordance with the expected standard, which ranges from -8 dBm to -27 dBm. In calculating the value of the rise time budget for customers after the addition of ODP, it has a value of 0.2044 ns to 0.2039 ns on the uplink and 0.2188 ns to 0.21574 ns on the downlink. This value is still below the standard time limit set by PT. Telkom Indonesia 0.56 ns for uplink and 0.292 ns for downlink. So based on this the results of the design are feasible to implement.

An analytical framework for low-power underwater backscatter communications

Acoustic underwater backscatter enables ultra-low-power communication with applications in ocean exploration, monitoring, navigation, and aquaculture. Unlike traditional communication systems, acoustic backscatter does not require active signal generation. Instead, it communicates data by modulating existing acoustic signals, requiring few microwatts of power for operation. Backscatter communication enables ultra-low power sensors by switching between absorbing and reflecting acoustic waves transmitted from a central station. The energy burden is shifted to the transmitting station, and the acoustic power supplied by the station can power the sensor, allowing for battery-free operation. Initial demonstrations of underwater backscatter communication were encouraging; however, the theoretical and practical limits are still unknown. In this work, we develop a multiphysics analytical framework for the communication and power link budget of underwater backscatter. The framework calculates practical communication and power-up range, transmitter power budget, and signal-to-noise ratio, accounting for transducers’ characteristics and the underwater communication channel. The analytical predictions are validated for practical transducers using high-fidelity piezo-acoustic finite element simulations and experimental measurements. The framework will guide future backscatter systems design, identifying practical operation ranges and optimal frequencies for data transmission and batteryless operation.

Design and Analysis of an FTTH-GPON in a Residential Area

FTTH design is a crucial step to ensure the best performance of the optical link. In this paper, an FTTH-GPON network is designed, and its performance is analyzed using an optical link power and rise time budget. In the residence of 254 users, at least eight feeder cable cores are needed, with respective ODCs and ODPs. The design satisfies the link power budget with the lowest power margin of 2.469 dB/2.826 dB upstream/downstream in its furthest distance. The highest rise time for the system is 0,2236 nm. The FTTH configuration satisfies ITU-T G.984.1 GPON standard.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PASSIVE SPLITTER PADA OPTICAL DISTRIBUTION POINT (ODP) TERHADAP KINERJA JARINGAN DI RUMAH PELANGGAN

In this study, a comparison was made of the attenuation values ​​of passive splitters 1:8 and 1:16 in Optical Distribution Points (ODP). Perform several measurements at the ODP using an Optical Light Source paired with a Passive Splitter 1:4 and 1:8 to become input power at the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) and measure the output from the Passive Splitter 1:8 and Passive Splitter 1:16 at the ODP using Optical Power Meter (OPM) as a measuring tool with a cable length parameter of 100 meters. The measurement results using the OPM are smaller than the calculations with the Power Link Budget, with the measurement results of the passive splitter 1:8 on ODP with measurements made at the rosette obtained attenuation of -19.78 dBm and the results of measurements on passive splitter 1:16 on ODP with measurements carried out in the rosette the attenuation is -23.57, from these results it can be said that the use of passive splitters with excess needs can be used with replacement of passive splitters that have more capacity.

PERANCANGAN DESAIN JARINGAN FIBER OPTIK DENGAN TEKNOLOGI GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK DI UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Optical fiber is a transmission line that uses glass fibers to transmit light signals from one place to another. Research on FTTH (Fiber To The Home) and FTTB (Fiber To The Building) with GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) carried out on the Malikussaleh University campus by following ITU-T standards. The design process begins with Google Earth mapping, then calculates the feasibility of attenuation, rise time, power link budget, and performs simulations on the Cisco Packet Tracer. Based on the results of the design, the farthest ODP attenuation simulation value is -19,339 dBm and the manual calculation value is 19.2854 dBm, the value meets the ITU-T standard greater than -28 dBm and Telkom is greater than -27 dBm with a power transmitter of 5 dBm, the value of rising Time Budget based on the feasibility of the system, the NRZ limit of 70% or 0.2916ns at the nearest ODP of 0.25 ns and the farthest ODP of 0.2558 ns which can be used because it does not exceed the NRZ limit. Cisco packet router simulation using 3 servers pt, 3 routers, 6 switches, 20 Hups, 20 access points.

Public Protection and Disaster Relief Planning Using Terrestrial Trunked Radio in West Java

This research aims to implement Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) planning using Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) in the West Java area. This plan will work at frequencies 806-821 MHz and 851-866 MHz (bandwidth of 15 MHz). PPDR planning study using TETRA in West Java with a total area of 37,315 Km2. This TETRA planning study uses the simulation method. Simulation using ATOLL software using parameters used by the West Java Regional Police (Polda) because it follows the conditions of the province of West Java. This plan does three things, firstly plans the coverage area to determine the number of base stations by looking for the link power budget and MAPL, followed by finding the cell radius value, secondly planning the network capacity to be used by following the assumptions and predictions of the TETRA mobile station (ms), and the third is planning the frequency spectrum. The three methods are tested and validated using Atoll software simulation. The planning results for the West Java region required 58 sites (base station). The required channels are 94 channels, while from 15 MHz, TETRA digital radio trunking bandwidth provides 600 channels so that TETRA digital trunking radio can be implemented in West Java. In the future, this TETRA radio trunking plan can be implemented in other provinces in Indonesia and even be expanded to all regions in Indonesia to handle disasters

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) Network Design in Analyzing Macro Bending Problems in The Home Cable Installation Segment

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) is one of the optical networks used for every home in accessing the internet in the form of voice, data, and video. In this study, the authors built an FTTH design from a Handheld Light Source (HLS) as input, then connected it to ODC. Furthermore, it is connected with ODP, OTP, and ROSET. After building the design, the design was tested using the link power budget calculation method, which is 22.803 dB. As a result, the design has a total attenuation value of 18.4 dB which means it meets the standards and can be used. Next, analyze the problems that have the potential to cause macro bending interference in the FTTH home cable installation segment cable. The methods used in this macro bending problem are the HLS calibration method, Optical Power Meter (OPM) measurement, and Visual Fault Locator (VFL) macro damage detection. From this analysis, the results of macro bending will be obtained on the parameters of curvature diameter, the number of windings, and the search for critical angles of indoor cable macro bending. This macro bending in-home wiring installations affect the total attenuation value on FTTH. In addition, the macro bending of 3-winded indoor cables with a diameter of 0.5 cm on each winding still meets the standards in the FTTH design. However, for macro bending 5 windings with a diameter of 0.5 cm, each winding can cause the total attenuation value of FTTH to pass the Link power budget and ITU-T G984.

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) Network Design in Analyzing Macro Bending Problems in The Home Cable Installation Segment

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) is one of the optical networks used for every home in accessing the internet in the form of voice, data, and video. In this study, the authors built an FTTH design from a Handheld Light Source (HLS) as input, then connected it to ODC. Furthermore, it is connected with ODP, OTP, and ROSET. After building the design, the design was tested using the link power budget calculation method, which is 22.803 dB. As a result, the design has a total attenuation value of 18.4 dB which means it meets the standards and can be used. Next, analyze the problems that have the potential to cause macro bending interference in the FTTH home cable installation segment cable. The methods used in this macro bending problem are the HLS calibration method, Optical Power Meter (OPM) measurement, and Visual Fault Locator (VFL) macro damage detection. From this analysis, the results of macro bending will be obtained on the parameters of curvature diameter, the number of windings, and the search for critical angles of indoor cable macro bending. This macro bending in-home wiring installations affect the total attenuation value on FTTH. In addition, the macro bending of 3-winded indoor cables with a diameter of 0.5 cm on each winding still meets the standards in the FTTH design. However, for macro bending 5 windings with a diameter of 0.5 cm, each winding can cause the total attenuation value of FTTH to pass the Link power budget and ITU-T G984.