Power Administration Research Articles

Issues and Challenges of the Digitisation of the Capital Market in India

Governance involves the use of political, economic, and administrative power to manage a nation's affairs and ensure citizens' rights. E-governance utilizes electronic means for efficient, transparent public service delivery. India's National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) aims to enhance governance through a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, establishing over 100,000 Common Service Centres (CSCs). These CSCs act as delivery hubs for public and private services, addressing regional development while fostering private sector and community participation for sustainable livelihoods. Mitigating the challenges of digitization requires raising user awareness and advancing the regulatory system through the use of cybersecurity practices

Basic approaches to understanding the objectives of administrative law

On the basis of a generalization of those dominant viewpoints on objectives of administrative law that are developed within Ukrainian administrative legal science, the author determined that they are united by the recognition of the following to be objectives of administrative law: (1) specifying and ensuring the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the public-legal sphere through the introduction of mechanisms administrative legal regulation and protection in the public administration domain; (2) determination of the standards for the exercise of public management functions by administrative authorities and the provision of administrative services by them, as well as the establishment and improvement of substantive and procedural tools for activities of administrative authorities, including the means of legal protection against violations on their part as well as mechanisms of civil control over their activities. According to the outcomes of the study of approaches to understanding of the tasks of administrative law in world scientific community, the article notes that according to the national tradition of the common law countries, which was adopted by many states that represent the civil law legal tradition, the fundamental objective of administrative law is recognized to be the determination of optimal (from the point of view of the rule of law and good governance) limits of the margin of appreciation of administrative authorities and providing private individuals with legal protection against abuse of administrative power. Moreover, it is particularly noticeable that a special emphasis is placed on guaranteeing the transparency and accountability of administrative authorities to civil society. Less important is the task of administrative law, which consists in establishing the principles, substantive rules and procedures for the performance of administrative functions by government authorities, as well as the accumulation in administrative practice and judicial case-law of the potential for increasing the effectiveness of administrative law.

Administrative Law as a Source of Rights

This article challenges the pervasive assumption that judicial review of administrative action is not concerned with rights. Making a break from this orthodoxy, it proposes a theory of judicial review that suggests that its purpose is to protect distinctive administrative law rights held by those subject to public administrative power. This rights‐based theory makes sense of the structure of applications for judicial review in which, paradigmatically, an individual subject to an administrative decision makes a claim against the state that the public official responsible for that decision failed to meet the relevant administrative law standards, and accordingly demands a remedy. The bulk of the article is dedicated to addressing the major objections to a rights‐based theory, including those arising from public interest standing and the nature of judicial review remedies. The analysis shows that each of these objections fails, clearing the ground for a fuller development of a rights‐based theory of judicial review in future work.

Value model of political communications of the Russian elite in conflictual and deviant polysubject environment

The article, based on the results of a comprehensive political analysis, substantiates that in the modern socio-political reality, the formation of a multipolar world, the problem of the effectiveness of political communications are closely related to the potential of political and administrative power elites. The communicative qualities of a modern politician are enhanced by value-civilizational and moral parameters, the ability of strategic vision and the ability to maintain civilizational and value discourse in the political and economic system and direct it towards sustainable advanced development of society. This, in turn, involves the analysis and development of parameters for diagnosing the quality of modern Russian political and administrative elites, their moral and professional adequacy and aptitude; so is the actualization and solution of the problem of deviations at the elite level of political power. In order to form a value model of political communications of the Russian elite, it is necessary to comprehensively consider management systems based on specific values (including management of public values), identify and position public values as determinants of socio-political development, develop mechanisms to counteract the value degradation and marginalization of national elites, take into account the propensity of the Russian government to identify internal and external enemies in the previous stages of development, and also to the uncritical borrowing of the models of democracy alien to the Russian cultural and civilizational code, and the image imitation of elite qualities.

Flattening of government hierarchies and growth of farmers’ income

Continuously raising farmers’ income is important for poverty reduction. In a multilevel government system, institutional arrangements can influence the role of grassroots governments in economic and social development. Based on the rural statistical data of 743 townships in Province A in central China from 2001 to 2012, we use the difference-in-differences (DID) approach to investigate the effect of the reform of flattening governmental hierarchy at the township level on increasing farmers’ income. We find that the reform of grassroots flattening hierarchies significantly promotes the growth of farmers’ income. Specifically, in the face of economic-assessment pressure from the higher-level government and the incentives of fiscal excess revenue in the reform, the township government will make full use of the greater administrative power and resources endowed by the reform to vigorously attract investment to increase the number of enterprises and provide farmers with more non-agricultural employment opportunities, thus raising their wage income. Moreover, this reform’s income-increasing effect is more obvious in townships that are closer to the county seat and have more convenient transportation, a higher level of human capital, and a stronger ability to exercise administrative power.

Fair Competition Review System and cross-regional capital flow: Evidence from China

Breaking local protectionism and market segmentation to promote the free flow of production factors between regions is crucial for building a unified national market in China. Introduced in 2016, the Fair Competition Review System (FCRS) restricts local governments’ abuse of administrative power to limit competition. The system corrects market failures and weakens regional barriers, establishing market competition by evaluating policies and regulations for anti-competitive practices. This study investigated the impact of the FCRS on cross-regional capital flow through subsidiaries in different regions. Using data from Chinese-listed companies between 2011 and 2022, this empirical study found that capital flow significantly increased after the system's implementation. Cross-regional flow was stronger in areas with higher reduced administrative barriers, lower tax burdens, and lower capacity utilization rates. This suggests that the primary mechanisms driving capital flow were expansion and cost-efficiency improvements. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the system exhibited a stronger impact on promoting cross-regional capital flow for private enterprises and those with low investment efficiency and weaker profitability. These findings suggest that the FCRS effectively regulates administrative monopolies, reduces regional barriers, and facilitates freer capital flow between regions, contributing to a unified national market in China.

On the Effectiveness of the System of Delegating the Power of Administrative Punishment

The system of "delegating the power of administrative punishment" established in Article 24 of the "Administrative Punishment Law" breaks through the level restriction of the exercise of administrative punishment power and extends the power of administrative punishment to the grass-roots level to a certain extent, which is an important institutional way to improve the predicament of administrative enforcement power at the grass-roots level. However, with the continuous application of this system, the problem of its effectiveness has become increasingly prominent. In terms of the way and content of empowerment, "urgent need of grass-roots management" and "able to effectively undertake" should be used as the judging criteria for the delegation of administrative punishment power, and provincial subjects should establish a differentiated list of administrative punishment power delegation according to relevant provisions. In the operation of power, we should enhance the undertaking ability of the undertaking subject from the perspective of the establishment of law enforcement agencies in townships (streets) and the allocation of law enforcement personnel, so as to ensure the effective operation of power. In terms of system supervision, we should make clear the subject and way of supervision to prevent the abuse of the power of administrative punishment.

Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin, China

The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment. Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development, but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin. Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national, regional, urban agglomeration, city, and prefecture levels, but not at the watershed level. To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level, we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions: industrial resilience, social resilience, environmental resilience, technological resilience, and organizational resilience. The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin. The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010, 2015, and 2020. Furthermore, the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010–2015, and significant spatial distribution differences were observed, with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region; (2) the differences in urban resilience were noticeable, with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed, whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak; and (3) the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows: science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces. This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.

Continuously Promoting Education to Serve Economic and Social Development While Promoting Comprehensive Human Development

Personal and individual are two value attributes of educational purposes. On an individual level, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech on adhering to the fundamental task of cultivating moral character and talent: to cultivate socialist builders and successors with comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor skills; In terms of social orientation, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of adhering to serving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as an important mission of education, and pointed out the need to enhance the ability of education to serve economic and social development. Since the founding of the CPC, a hundred years of educational history has witnessed tremendous development, and China’s education has undergone earth shaking changes. In this process, individuals and society complement each other, constantly promoting economic and social development in achieving comprehensive human development and composing remarkable achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. In the future, to implement the “five educations simultaneously” and “education serving economic and social development” in practice, we should further promote the reform of the education system, streamline administration and delegate power in the allocation of educational resources, guide and strengthen the role of market mechanisms in the allocation of educational resources, promote the optimization of the education system and the improvement of operational efficiency, and provide higher quality, balanced, and diversified educational resources and services.

The political economy of energy transitions in Africa: Coalitions, politics and power in Tanzania

The understanding of the political economy of energy transitions in lower-income African countries is little developed. A focus on coalitions has emerged as a promising approach, but it was largely developed based on experiences from higher-income countries. This article has two interrelated purposes. First, it explores and develops the coalition approach to the study of the prioritisation between energy sources in lower-income countries by combining it with a political settlement framework that has been adapted to analysing energy transitions. Secondly, it researches the promotion and implementation of non-hydro renewable energy in mainland Tanzania as a case. The article covers the period from 2008, when the first potent coalitions around private non-hydro renewable energy emerged, up until today. Until recently, these coalitions were overtaken by stronger coalitions around state-owned gas and hydropower. Only with a new president and administration in power and a donor that was pragmatic with regard to state ownership did a large-scale solar plant materialize. Based on the Tanzanian example, the article argues first, that large-scale energy projects are of such importance politically that the analysis of coalitions at the sector level must take into account how these coalitions are embedded in a country's broader distribution of power. Secondly, that for renewable energy policies and projects to get implemented they must fit with the priorities and ideas about broader development held by a country's ruling political elite. A number of implications for the study of the political economy of energy transitions are further unfolded in the article.

The influence of the Judicial reform of 1864 on the formation of the advocacy in Ukraine

The article analyzes the impact of the Judicial Reform of 1864 on the establishment of the legal profession in Ukraine. It is noted that as of the middle of the 19th century. the decision to modernize the judicial system on the basis of effective Western judicial models was ripe in the environment of the official authorities. Although this initiative contradicted the foundations of the imperial autocracy, the judicial reform had a significant impact on the judicial system, procedural and material law of the state. First of all, this affected the separation of judicial power from legislative executive and administrative power. It is noted that the Judicial Reform of 1864 became a necessary element of total changes in the social and political system of that time. It occupied a prominent place in the history of the judiciary and the judicial system of the state, and its indisputable achievements were the equality of citizens before the law, the transparency and competitiveness of the judiciary, the immutability of judges and their independence from administrative officials, the introduction of competition in the judiciary and the creation of a system of magistrates’ courts. It is proven that the judicial reform, in addition to important democratic changes, included the creation of the legal profession, whose role in society was constantly growing. According to the idea of the initiators of the reform, the Institute of Advocacy was organized as an independent organization. This principle was manifested in the fact that in each district of the court chamber, lawyers were united in a single organization by its general meetings and the Council. It is noted that the control and supervision of the activities of lawyers was carried out by councils elected by lawyers from among themselves. Thanks to the creation of the management system of the lawyer corporation, it was possible to ensure the autonomy and independence of the legal profession from the bureaucratic apparatus. It is noted that with the establishment of the Institute of Advocacy in the Russian Empire, the official authorities sought, at least formally, to declare the foundations of equality and competition between the parties, to modernize the theory of formal evidence and the judicial process. In this way, it was planned to revive the judicial process and make it more complete and objective. This would provide an opportunity for a comprehensive consideration of the case by the judge, a more detailed insight into its essence, which would significantly affect the objectivity of justice.

Ombudsman in Malaysia: An Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in promoting good governance principles

This research focuses on the ombudsman in Malaysia and its importance in strengthening good governance in civil state service. Public complaints towards maladministration and abuse of power of the government administrators or authorities have always been an issue that must be resolved in order to ensure that the government authorities are performing their functions within their jurisdictions. Ombudsman has been introduced in European countries to settle maladministration issues. In Malaysia, the current ombudsman system is adopted by the OFS which is situated in Kuala Lumpur and Integrity and Ombudsman Unit Sarawak (UNIONS) under the Premier Department of Sarawak. The implementation and effectiveness of ombudsman system will be analysed and comparison will be made to Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway and United Kingdom; which have adopted and practised ombudsman in their systems; particularly with regards to administrative law issues. This study shall improve the society’s awareness on the importance of ombudsman as one of the alternatives to resolve public complaints towards government administrators.

Minor monarchs: The ‘Bad-Emperor’ problem in Chinese history

How important is the age and experience of political leaders for the quality of governance? I explore this question in the context of imperial China, where autocratic rule centered on the institution of the emperor persisted for nearly 2,000 years. While the issue of child emperors is frequently discussed in the historiography of China, the impact of minor rulers has not been explored empirically. Using rich biographical information on the lives of rulers, I show evidence consistent with the notion that the age of emperors mattered for the effective administration of the Chinese state. In particular, the incidences of minor monarchs appear to accelerate the decline of a dynasty and occur more frequently toward the end of an imperial dynasty. The rule of minor monarchs coincides with the timing of dynastic crises, nomadic attacks, peasant revolts, and declines in fiscal capacity. To assess causality, I conduct two tests. First, I validate my baseline findings using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits the early but natural deaths of preceding emperors. Second, I show that estimated relationships become stronger after the Tang-Song transition, during which the administrative power of the emperor increased dramatically relative to that of the civilian bureaucracy. Overall, the results in this paper suggest that in the absence of institutional constraints, weak executive leadership can lead to poor national outcomes even in a highly bureaucratized state.

Comparative analysis of meteorological parameters and their relationship with NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 concentrations at selected urban air quality monitoring stations in Krakow, Paris, and Milan

Meteorological parameters play a major role in air pollutant concentrations as they create conditions that either hinder or facilitate the reaction and dispersion of pollutants in our environments. This is particularly evident in Europe, where frequent alternation of meteorological parameters has the potential to significantly impact pollutant concentrations. This study applied the R openair package to comparatively analyse the relationship between key meteorological parameters and NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations measured at selected air quality monitoring stations in Krakow, Milan, and Paris in the year 2021. The study made use of meteorological data acquired from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Power data repository, and air pollutants data measured at air quality monitoring stations in each of the three cities. The air pollutants data were retrieved from European Environmental Agency’s Airbase. Concentration and correlation analyses were conducted using the relevant functions of the R openair package. Findings in the study revealed a positive relationship between temperature and O3, wind speed and O3; and a negative relationship between temperature and NO2/PM2.5/PM10. The study further revealed a negative relationship between wind speed and NO2/PM2.5/PM10, as well as a negative relationship between precipitation and NO2/PM2.5/PM10. NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were higher in winter periods, weekdays, nights, and evenings, but lower in summer periods, weekends, and midday. Whereas O3 concentration was higher in summer periods, weekends, midday, and lower in winter periods, weekdays, nights, and evenings. NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations were higher during the periods without precipitation than periods with precipitation. In addition, temperature inversions were found to be linked with higher concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10, but lower concentrations of O3 in Krakow, Paris and Milan. Accordingly, the study recommends effective monitoring, increased awareness, the use of pollutant removing devices, and further research to enhance adaptation and advance knowledge.

CHINESE EXPERIENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM

Administrative reforms are an important part of political reforms, an important part of reforms and development of China. Administrative reforms include the evolution of administrative power structures, regulation of administrative organization, administrative management systems, innovation of administrative tools, etc. 40 years after that how China's attempts at reform began, it seems that administrative reforms have made great progress. Be that as it may, this is confirmed by studying great course and valuable experience of administrative reforms in China. In addition, studying and exploration of key issues aimed at continuously advancing reforms can be of great importance for a deep understanding of the great achievements of reform and discovery, continuous deepening of reforms of administrative systems and coordinated promotion of the “Four Comprehensive Steps” strategy layout.

독일 헌법사에서 법률유보의 의의

This study examines the development of major theories related to legal reservationin Germany from a constitutional perspective and presents implications and challenges toKorean public law from the basic perspective seen in the discussion of German public law onlegal reservation. In order to achieve the above research objectives, a literature researchmethod is attempted to review the books, papers, and precedents of Korea, Japan, and Germany on this topic. In the early days, the realm of legal reservation was limited to limitedbasic rights such as individual freedom and property rights, and its main significance was tosecure the legislative realm of the representative body, the parliament, from the executivepower of the administration. However, since then, the center of the discussion on legalreservation in Germany has emphasized the substantive discipline of administrative activitiesby law, trying to control administrative power under the detailed discipline density necessaryto achieve the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of the people. And today, legalreservation is not just a control principle of administrative power, but also a constitutionalprinciple. As such a constitutional principle, the basic perspective seen in the discussion ofGerman public law on legal reservation has great implications for us, in particular, as aconstitutional principle, efforts to promote an organic interpretation of related provisions in theconstitution based on legal reservation are one of the important tasks of Korean public law inthe future.

Unlocking Copyright: The Power of Ownership and Licensing

In the current digital age, copyright ownership and licensing principles have a big impact on the management of Intellectual Property (IP). Within the domain of inventive works, copyright serves as an essential component for ensuring and regulating ownership rights. This research paper explores the complex dynamics of copyright ownership and licensing in the digital age, highlighting their transformative power in IP administration. It examines legal frameworks, case studies, and industry practices, highlighting how copyright is evolving to protect creators' rights, promote innovation, and address issues like fair use and digital piracy. The paper also explores developing patterns and challenges in copyright law, aiming to develop strategies for utilizing copyright systems effectively in today's digital age.

Concept of Federalism and Decentralization of Administrative Powers: Reflection of ‘Manusmriti’ in Modern Governance of the Republic of India

The democratic federalism of India has earned wide appreciation across the globe as one of the best models of modern administration. But the root of this model is found much before India gained independence in the middle of the 20th century in an ancient holy book, ‘Manusanhita’, created several thousand years ago by a well-known intellectual sage Manu. Manu’s idea of federalism, decentralization of administrative power, rational tax administration, realistic foreign policy and his concept of law-making have similarity with the administrative frame work and long-cherished policy of India. Suresh Chandra Bandopadhyay in his translated, explanatory and edited version entitled ‘Manusanhita’ from Manu’s real text book has discussed how Manu’s concept had influenced the legislators of Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Japan, Germany etc. in carving their administrative and legislative framework. In this paper, we’ll evaluate the impact of ‘Manusmriti’ or ‘Manusanhita’ on the governance and legislation of India and also assess the perceptions of Manu on the issues of casteism and women-independence.

THE EXERCISE OF TEACHING POWER AND ITS CANONICAL BASES

Since the participation of the two constituent elements of the Church, clergy and laity, in the administration of her teaching power, through acts of preaching, spreading, defending the Christian faith, formulating the truths of faith, etc., has both a scriptural and a canonical basis, in the pages of this canonical study we have examined both texts, to which we have given the necessary doctrinal clarifications. In order to show the canonical basis for the exercise of this teaching power, I have referred to the text of some canons (apostolic, ecumenical and local), which I have explained taking into account the canonical doctrine of the Eastern Church, which also confirms that the power of the Church comes from its Founder, that is, from our Lord Jesus Christ, and has been transmitted through His Holy Apostles and their successors, that is, through the bishops of the Ecumenical Orthodox Church (Universal/Catholic). According to this canonical doctrine, only the bishops of the Church are the "de jure" administrators of this power. Priests and laity can and do carry out acts of administration of ecclesiastical power, including teaching power, but only with the approval of the local hierarch, and within the limits of the power they have received through the Sacrament of Holy Baptism or through the Holy Sacrament of Ordination, as both the texts of the holy canons and the commentaries of some reputed canonists of ecumenical Orthodoxy show

The Effectiveness of Administrative Power on Farmers’ Attitude in Land Acquisition Negotiation: Mediating Role of Perceived Fairness

Farmers’ attitude plays a crucial role in the success of land acquisition. To add new insights and theoretical support for the effective governance of land acquisition, this paper examines the effectiveness of administrative power on farmers’ attitude and the mediating role of perceived fairness based on asymmetric dependency theory. The hypotheses were verified using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis conducted with data gathered from 250 questionnaire samples in rural areas of China. The results reveal that the coercion and transparency of administrative power have a significant positive impact on farmers’ attitude while normality’s influence is not significant. The coercion and transparency of administrative power have a significant positive impact on fairness while normality’s impact is not significant. The mediating effect of perceived fairness was insignificant. Therefore, local governments could encourage farmers to embrace a cooperative attitude in land acquisition negotiations by fostering a constructive interaction between the government and the public and pursuing a high-level institutional balance driven by a service-oriented government.