Novel bulk single-component sulfide catalysts were prepared under the\t\t\t\t\tconditions of solid-phase dispersion of МoS2 molybdenite\t\t\t\t\tat various mechanical treatment times and various amounts of polar and nonpolar\t\t\t\t\tliquid microadditives. The chemical degradation of the samples in the air was\t\t\t\t\tfound to lead to the formation of surface sulfate anions that shield\t\t\t\t\tcatalytically active Mo sites. Indirect correlations of the hydrodesulfurization\t\t\t\t\tability of MoS2 powders with the concentration of sulfate\t\t\t\t\tanions on their surface, and with the aqueous pH in the powder suspensions,\t\t\t\t\tincluding the dielectric permittivity of the organic dopants, can serve as\t\t\t\t\treference indicators of high catalytic activity in the model reaction of\t\t\t\t\tdibenzothiophene hydrogenolysis. The study identified the most active sample\t\t\t\t\table to run for an extended time during multiple cycles without losing its\t\t\t\t\tcatalytic properties. Also, the paper discusses the dibenzothiophene conversion\t\t\t\t\troutes, the product composition, the probable structure of active sites in the\t\t\t\t\tcatalysts, and the desulfurization degree of diesel fuel components.