Cement Powder Research Articles

Analysis of chemical-mineralogical content of brick waste as a pozzolan substitute material in blended cement

Bricks are building materials that contain compounds that can increase the compressive strength of a building. This research utilized waste bricks as a substitute for pozzolan for cement manufacture. Testing of waste bricks using the reactivity index test method, characterization with XRD and XRF. Cement powder was tested chemically, and determined the value of its compressive strength on the mortar test object. The results of the characterization of XRF instruments are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 with minor compounds including CaO, ZnO, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, CuO, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO, SrO, Eu2O3, and Re2O7. Meanwhile, BaO is owned only by the first and third bricks, while PbO is owned by the first. The number of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 compounds has met the quality requirements as pozzolanic materials (>70%), namely 84.20% of the first sample, 83.70% of the second sample, and 84.30% of the third sample. The reactivity index test also met the target (>75%), namely 75.60% of the first sample, 75.00% of the second sample, and 77.90% of the third sample. The higher the content and the reactiveness of an oxide compound in the waste bricks are directly proportional to the quality of the cement

Pengaruh Abu Serbuk Kayu Kulim dan Serbuk Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

This research combines kulim wood dust and coconut shell powder as a substitute for concrete materials. Ash from kulim sawdust has silicca properties. Meanwhile, coconut shell powder can be mixed in concrete. This study aims to determine the effect of using kulim sawdust ash as a partial substitution of cement and coconut shell powder waste as a partial substitution of fine aggregate on compressive strength and to determine the ideal proportion of the percentage variation of added ingredients. Concrete planning uses an experimental method that refers to SNI 03-2834-2000, SNI 03-1974-1990 and the Unisla Concrete Practicum Guidebook. With a total sample of 12 test objects with the quality plan K-225. The results of the normal concrete compressive strength test with an N code of 19.55 MPa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code A1 are 19.29 MPa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code B1 are 18.84 Mpa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code C1 are 18.46 MPa. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the added ingredients of kulim wood powder ash and coconut shell powder did not significantly affect the compressive strength of concrete and the higher the added material value the lower the concrete compressive strength value and the lower the added material value, the higher the concrete compressive strength value.

Characteristics of Limestone 15% Mixed Cement Mortar according to Cement Fineness and Clinker Types

If the amount of limestone used as a mixing material is increased instead of the amount of clinker used, it may affect the cement mechanical performance, and there is a lack of research on applying limestone mixed cement to mortar. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of limestone 15% mixed cement mortar were analyzed according to cement fineness and clinker types. As a result of measuring the flow and setting time of limestone mixed cement mortar, as the cement fineness and C<sub>3</sub>S content increased, the flow decreased and the setting time was shortened. As a result of measuring the heat of microhydration, the secondary peak value tended to increase as the cement fineness and C<sub>3</sub>S content increased. The compressive strength of the test specimen using cement powder level of 4500 ± 100 cm<sup>2</sup>/g and clinker with high C<sub>3</sub>S content on days 1, 3, 7, and 28 was 140%, 124.2%, 115.3%, and 101.6%, respectively, compared to plain. The compressive strength was high at 1, 3, and 7 days, and a similar tendency was observed at the 28-day compressive strength. Therefore, it is believed that increasing the fineness and C<sub>3</sub>S content of cement is effective in improving compressive strength.

Radiation safety assessments for radioactive concrete recycling workers and residents

Carried out was the assessment of the radiation safety for the recycling workers of the radioactive concrete generated from nuclear power plants and nearby residents. Decommissioning of a nuclear power plant with an electric output of 1000 MW generates approximately 500,000 tons of concrete waste. It is important to reduce the volume of concrete waste to reduce the costs of decommissioning projects. For this purpose, the low-level radioactive cement powder from bioshield concrete is recycled as a solidifying agent. The number of radioactive concrete waste drums to be disposed is reduced by extracting cement from the radioactive concrete and using it as a solidifying agent, rather than using cement from general industrial waste. Various exposure scenarios exist, and it is necessary to evaluate the radiation dose in each scenario. In this study, seven scenarios were selected and evaluated. The radioactive exposure to facility workers, nuclear power plant workers, and landfill management workers is within the annual dose limit, even if they work 2000 h per year. A loader can work close to the drum for 90–93 h per year, and a truck driver can drive 621 one-way trucks per year. Dose evaluations for road users and residents after landfill closure showed that both had values far below the dose limit for the public. Bioshield concrete recycling was confirmed to be radiologically safe in all scenarios if certain conditions were satisfied. Thus, this study showed that cement powder from bioshield concrete could be used safely without exceeding the radiation safety limits for workers and the public when recycling concrete.

A combined and sustainable approach and a novel mechanism for recovering Bi, Au and Ag from high-chloride leachate of waste printed circuit board smelting ash

High-chloride leachate is a solution rich in precious metals that is produced in chloride hydrometallurgy. It has high levels of both rare and precious metals and hazardous chloride ions, and resource recovery from this solution and its safe disposal have become key objectives in the field of hydrometallurgy. In this study, a sustainable process involving "ultrasound-assisted precipitation–Pb powder cementation" was proposed for the stepwise separation and high-value utilization of Bi, Au and Ag obtained from high-chloride leachate. Targeted separation and conversion of Bi were achieved by precipitation–re-acid hydrolysis–ultrasonication-assisted coprecipitation–centrifugal purification. Under the optimal process conditions, the removal rate of Bi reached 99.52%, while the loss rates of Au and Ag were only 4.63% and 8.72%, respectively. Single-factor experiments of Au and Ag cementation by Pb powder showed that the recovery rates of precious metals could be improved by increasing the temperature, raising the solution pH, and applying mechanical force and ultrasonication. A possible reaction mechanism for Au and Ag cementation with Pb powder was proposed based on macroscopic kinetic analysis and microscopic mineral characterization. This work provides technical support and a theoretical basis for the separation and enrichment of rare and precious metals in chloride hydrometallurgy.

Comparative Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Red Clay Modified by Cement and Industrial Solid Waste Powder

Because of the existence of clay minerals such as montmorillonite in red clay, the strength of red clay decreases significantly as water content increases. This study aims to improve the strength of red clay by using three different kinds of industrial solid waste powder, i.e., steel slag (SS) powder, fly ash (FA), and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). At the same time, the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was selected as a comparison of the improvement effect on the strength of red clay modified by the aforementioned industrial solid waste powder. The properties of the red clay and the industrial solid waste powder were documented comprehensively. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on the specimens of the red clay and the red clay modified by the OPC, SS, FA, and GGBS, which had been cured for 3, 7, and 21 days at a temperature of 25°C, respectively. The results showed that the strength of red clay can be significantly improved by the three kinds of industrial solid waste powder. After a 21-day curing period, the experimental results showed that the UCS of the red clay modified by 7% SS, 5% FA, and 5% GGBS increased by 252%, 131%, and 140% compared to that of the red clay without modification. However, the modification effects of the SS, FA, and GGBS on the red clay were generally inferior to that of the OPC. By observing the microstructures of the modified clay, the mechanism of industrial solid waste powder and cement improving the strength of the red clay was analyzed. The findings in this study can provide a reference for improving subgrade strength by a soil-modification method in road constructions.

Influence of micro‐sized CaCO3 on hydrates formation of residual calcium aluminate cement in castables during drying

AbstractThe addition of CaCO3 powder in calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is reported to accelerate the hydration of CAC and generate mono‐carbonate C4AC̅H11, which is conducive to shortening the curing time of CAC‐bonded castables at ambient temperatures. Although the hydration of CAC is relatively fast, there is still residual un‐hydrated CAC in castables after curing. The residual CAC would continue to hydrate to produce C3AH6 and AH3 during the subsequent drying procedures in the absence of CaCO3. But it is worth pondering which type of hydrate would be generated in the presence of CaCO3 during the drying at around 110°C. In this study, the effect of micro‐sized CaCO3 addition on the hydrate formation of CAC‐bonded castables during drying at 110°C was investigated. The results indicate that the C4AC̅H11 formed at the curing temperature of 30°C is not decomposed or converted during drying. The CaCO3 remained after curing does not participate in the hydration of residual CAC during drying at 110°C, and thus the residual CAC continues to hydrate to generate C3AH6 rather than C4AC̅H11.

Improvement of Sabkha Soils Using Cement and Marble Powder

Improvement of Sabkha Soils Using Cement and Marble Powder

Study on the mitigation of drying shrinkage and crack of limestone powder cement paste and its mechanism

To investigate the reasons for the mitigation of drying shrinkage but earlier cracking in limestone powder cement paste, various admixtures such as fly ash, metakaolin, super-absorbent polymer, and expansion agent were selected for the above-mentioned experiments. The effects of mixing two admixtures on the drying shrinkage deformation and crack resistance performance of the limestone powder-cement paste was studied. Additionally, hydration exotherm, hydration products, microscopic morphology of samples were analyzed to understand the underlying mechanisms. Based on the hydration process, the addition of fly ash and metakaolin can promote the formation of carbon aluminate in the reaction system, thereby reducing the porosity. Fly ash is more beneficial for the hydration heat peak value of cement paste, effectively eliminating temperature strain. The results indicate that effects of mixing two admixtures on the improvement of drying shrinkage and crack resistance of limestone powder cement paste are much better than using a single admixture. Among them, the combination of metakaolin and expansion agent shows the best overall mitigating effect on the drying shrinkage and crack resistance of limestone powder cement paste. This compound admixtures reduces the drying shrinkage of the paste by approximately 30% and delays the cracking time of the specimens by 34.4 h.

Experimental Contribution to Study the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lightweight Cellular Concrete Prepared With Different Types of Sand and Waste Marble Powder

Abstract Algeria is currently undergoing an evolution in civil engineering, which has resulted in a higher use of aggregates, especially sand. This study contributes to the development of locally produced materials. Its goal is to explore how the type of sand and waste marble powder (WMP), which can be used as a partial replacement of cement and aluminum powder (Al) with different percentages as an expansive agent, can affect physico-mechanical properties such as the bulk density and mechanical strength at 28 and 90 days, as well as the thermal conductivity of lightweight cellular concrete. Non-autoclaved cellular concretes (CC) were investigated based on three types of sand, i.e., sea sand (SS), river sand (RS), and waste marble sand (WMS); a hydraulic binder (a mix of cement and waste marble powder), and aluminum powder. The experimental results indicate that the nature and particle size distribution of the sand used had an impact on the properties of the CCs. Furthermore, it can be seen that the increased aluminum contents decrease the density, mechanical strength, and thermal characteristics of the CCs. Using 10-15% WMP as a cement substitute improves the mechanical strength, offers better thermal conductivity values, and contributes to sustainable development by developing a new class of environmentally friendly cellular concrete.

Permeable Blocks with Waste Glass as Coarse Aggregate

In order to reduce the negative impact of waste glass and urban heat on the environment, this research aims to use waste glass cullet as an aggregate in concrete paving blocks. This work aims to produce porous pavement using two sizes of waste glass and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Two layers of paving blocks with different aggregate sizes were planned. The first part of the work was to determine the best OPC content. The results showed that the largest aggregate-based porous paving block had the highest compressive strength and acceptable permeability. Then, designed porous block (DPB) was designed, which consisted of two layers, with the upper layer consisting of small aggregates and the lower layer consisting of large aggregates, and cement mortar (80 wt% cement powder and 20 wt% glass powder) was used as the binder. Compressive strength and permeability were the criteria. The pavement can release heat better than conventional pavements and is safe because of the skid resistance, which meets the criteria.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of phase change cloud concrete stone cementitious composites

In this study, a novel kind of phase-change cementitious composites with cloud concrete stone (CCS) as aggregate were prepared and studied. The CCS was synthesized with fly ash, slag, and other construction waste through water heat and autoclaving. The phase-change paraffin was absorbed into the CCS using the vacuum impregnation technique, and then the epoxy resin combined with cement powder was applied to the aggregate surface to prevent the leakage of phase-change materials (PCMs). The composite aggregate with phase change function was, thus, fabricated. A series of experiments were carried out to study and evaluate the molecular structure, physical phase, and phase transition temperature of encapsulated composite aggregate with the means of Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PCM-cement composites were prepared by replacing coarse aggregates with the composite aggregate in proportions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in volume. To explore the strength degradation in view of the microscopic perspective, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, and Image-Pro-Plus (IPP) were used. The experimental results revealed that the effect of the micropores of CCS on the melting temperature of the phase-change aggregates (24.84 °C) is higher than that of the paraffin (22.91 °C). The mechanical experiments results demonstrated that the compressive strength and splitting strength losses in the PCM-cement composite with replacement ratios of 75% were 24% and 39%, respectively. The XRD results revealed that with the incorporation of PCM, the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) in the hydration products decreased and the Ca/Si value in C-S-H decreased from 9.05 to 2.13, which is one of the reasons for the strength decline of the PCM-cement composites. The cracks in the interfacial transition zone between the aggregate and matrix became large with increasing admixture, and the pore characteristics gradually became more apparent. The strength of the PCM-cement composite decreased with the increase in the average porosity, pore size, and perimeter of the matrix material.

Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of a Multi-Cementitious System Comprising Cement, Fly Ash, and Steel Slag Powder.

The objective of this study was to reduce the stockpile of steel slag, which is a solid waste generated in the steelmaking process, and promote the resource utilization of steel slag powder (SSP) in construction projects. Experimental research was conducted on SSP and fly ash (FA) as supplementary cementitious materials. Composite cement paste samples were prepared to investigate the effects of the water-to-binder ratio and cement-substitution rate on the macroscopic mechanical properties, including the setting time, fluidity, flexural strength, and compressive strength of the prepared paste. The mineral composition in the raw materials was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a micro-morphological and structural analysis of the hydrated cementitious material samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the SEM and Image Pro Plus (IPP) image analysis techniques were combined for a quantitative analysis of the microstructure. The results showed that the addition of FA and SSP delayed the hydration of cement, thereby improving the flowability of the composite paste. Under the same curing age and cement substitution rate, the sample strength decreased with increasing water-to-binder ratio. Under the same water-to-binder ratio and curing age, the variations in the flexural and compressive strengths of the SSP group samples were inconsistent in the early and later stages, and the sample group with 20% SSP exhibited optimal mechanical strength in the later stage. The microscopic results showed that the needle-like AFt crystals in the hydrated pores decreased in number with the increase in the SSP content. The hydration products of the FA-SSP admixture, such as C-S-H gel and RO phase, acted as pore fillers in alkaline environments. When the water-to-binder ratio was 0.4 and the FA-to-SSP ratio was 1:1 to replace 40% cement, the performance of the hardened cement paste was the best among all the test groups containing both FA and SSP. This study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of SSP and FA as cementitious materials in construction-related fields.

Investigating the hydration characteristics of iron tailings powder cement mortar produced by the mortar substitution method

Due to excessive iron tailings production and low recycling rates, large quantities of iron tailings powder (ITP) have accumulated, leading to severe environmental concerns. To solve this problem, this paper incorporated ITP into building materials by employing the mortar substitution method (replacing cement, water and river sand with ITP) to prepare ITP cement mortar, subsequently evaluating its mechanical properties. The findings showed that the compressive strength of ITP cement mortar (with 20 % replacement of ITP) significantly increased by 34.9 % compared with pure cement mortar at 28 days. To investigate the underlying mechanism, various experiments including XRD, TGA, hydration kinetic analysis, BSE-EDS and MIP were performed to analyze the hydration characteristics of the ITP cement paste. The studies revealed that the ITP provides more nucleation sites for C3S hydration, which promotes a higher hydration reaction rate and generates plentiful hydration yields (C–S–H), during early stage of curing. Furthermore, SEM and BSE-EDS observed that calcium-rich and silicon-poor C–S–H effectively filled the interfacial region between ITP and cement matrix. This dense pore structure and excellent interfacial bonding contributed to the strength improvement of ITP cement mortar. In conclusion, this study proposes an effective method for preparing higher-strength ITP cement mortar and further investigates the underlying mechanism, providing a theoretical foundation for the application of ITP in building materials.

Development of novel ultra-high-performance lightweight concrete modified with dehydrated cement powder and aerogel

Currently, researchers emphasize creating eco-friendly, ultra-high-performance lightweight concrete (UHPLC) due to the extensive cement demand of ultra-high-performance concrete. This study aimed to develop such UHPLC by incorporating dehydrated cement powder (DCP) and aerogel (AG) at varying levels (5-25%) alongside double-hooked end steel fibers (DHE-SFs). Objectives were to enhance strength, durability, density, and thermal/acoustic properties. Results revealed reduced flowability with higher DCP and AG content. 5%, 10%, and 15% DCP and AG improved compressive strength (17.3%) via better packing and bond formation. Density decreased up to 8.3% with more DCP and AG. Modified mixtures resisted sulfate attack and exhibited increased compressive strength retention. Shrinkage reduced to 958 µ with more DCP and AG, notably in M6-DCP25-AG25. Thermal stability improved with only 75.4% mass loss at 1000 °C, while thermal conductivity decreased to 0.274 W/m·°C. Sound absorption and pore volume increased in modified mixes. X-ray diffraction analysis showed higher crystalline phases with increased DCP and AG.

Utilization of vermiculite particles in the enhancement of the ilmenite based oil well cement properties

Cementing the wellbore is one of the key jobs required for production from the reservoir. It is an essential part of the wellbore that supports the casing string and provides isolation between production and non-production zones. The challenging in situ conditions of reservoir can cause damage to the cement slurry. Hence, it is important to study various properties of this slurry under such conditions. The cement slurry should provide good strength, lower density variation, lower porosity and permeability and better rheological properties. The present study investigates the effect of vermiculite particles on ilmenite based Saudi class G cement. The cement powder, vermiculite and ilmenite were characterized using XRF analysis, particle size distribution and FESEM analysis. The performance of vermiculite as an additive was tested for different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0% BWOC) and compared with base cement having no vermiculite content. The test includes rheological properties, compressive and tensile strength, elastic properties like Young's modulus and poison's ratio, density variation, and petrophysical properties like porosity and permeability calculation. It was observed from the results that at 2% BWOC addition of vermiculite, the performance of slurry was optimized for all the tests. At 2% BWOC addition of vermiculite, the yield point and gel strength were increased to maximum value while the porosity and permeability were found to be least. The compressive strength was increased by almost 10% and Young's modulus was reduced by nearly 44%. This study investigated for the first time the possibility of vermiculite to improve the ilmenite-weighted oil well cement and its experimental results emphasized the capability of vermiculite particles to enhance the properties of the ilmenite-based cement slurry and can be used as an additive.

Improving the Properties of Saline Soil Using a Deep Soil Mixing Technique

Saline soils belong to the category of problematic soils with high compressibility and weak shear strength when exposed to water. Water dissolves the salts in soils which are the primary cementing agents. Therefore, stabilization methods that provide sustainable cementing substances are employed in this study using deep soil mixing techniques to enhance the properties of saline soil. In this regard, a laboratory-scaled deep soil mixing procedure was developed to treat the soil in a way similar to the field methods. A binder, consisting of marble powder and cement, was employed to treat the soil. This study aimed to select the most efficient binder mix design in terms of optimum marble powder/cement ratio and optimum water/binder ratio. Unconfined compressive strength, durability, density measurements and ultrasonic velocity pulse tests were conducted on the treated soil. To determine the treatment efficacy, microstructure analysis of the treated samples was conducted. The 80C20MP and 70C30MP samples exhibit a dense soil structure with minimal voids, and their microstructure is denser than the other treated specimens. Additionally, the EDX analysis shows increased calcium percentages with up to 30% MP replacement, aligning well with the microstructure analysis and the UCS values. The results indicate that the economical and eco-friendly binder mix consisted of (70% to 80%) cement and (20% to 30%) marble powder with water/binder ratio in the range of 1.1 to 1.3. This mix contributed greatly to the improvement in soil strength and integrated columns.

Improving the cementation effect of copper on gold in thiosulfate solution by pre-regulating the existing form of Cu2+

The effective recovery of Au(S2O3)23− from leachates using thiosulfate gold extraction techniques remains challenging. Metal cementation can be efficiently used to recover Au(S2O3)23−, but is easily affected by the oxidant (Cu(II)) in solution, leading to problems such as high consumption of the reduced metals and copper–gold co-precipitation. Copper powder cementation can prevent the co-precipitation of copper in solution to improve the grade of the gold product and also supplement the oxidant in the solution, thereby enhancing the cyclic leaching of gold into the solution, which can reduce production costs. In this study, copper powder was used to recover gold ions and the results showed that the gold cementation rate was negatively correlated with the Cu(NH3)42+ concentration. In order to weaken the negative influence of Cu(NH3)42+, this study proposes the application of a reduction voltage to convert Cu(NH3)42+ in solution to Cu(S2O3)35− before adding copper powder. After applying a reduction voltage of 0.14 V to a solution of 5 mmol/L CuSO4, 0.5 mol/L NH3, 0.1 mol/L Na2S2O3, and 10 mg/L Au(S2O3)23− for 20 min, the concentration of Cu(NH3)42+ in the solution changed from 5 mmol/L to 0.88 mmol/L. Under these conditions, gold ions were recovered, and the consumption of copper powder was reduced by 60%. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization showed that under a applied reduction potential, the gold content on the surface of the copper powder was higher, and the Cu(II) content in the surface copper species was lower than that achieved in the direct cementation of copper powder. After cementation was completed, stirring the residual solution for 20 min restored the concentration of Cu(NH3)42+ to 4.963 mmol/L. At this point, the leaching rate of gold ore into the solution reached 89% of the first leaching, which maximized the circulation of the solution.

Experimental Research on Application of Waste Concrete Powder-Waste Brick Powder-Cement Grout for Foundation Reinforcement in Mining Goaf.

Combined with a strategic policy for the recycling of construction waste, this paper puts forward a programme for treating a goaf foundation with waste concrete powder, waste brick powder, and cement grout (BCP cement grout). The BCP cement grout is prepared by replacing part of the waste concrete powder with waste brick powder, and the changeable rule of the setting time, water separation rate, stone rate, and viscosity of the grout with different rates for replacement are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are carried out. The mineral composition is analyzed and the microscopic mechanism is studied. The results show that the ratio of BCP cement grout developed by the experiment is reasonable; the unit cost is less than 160 yuan/t, which is 40% lower than that of pure cement grout; and both a good economic effect and good environmental effect are obtained. It has the advantages of low water separation rate, high stone rate, and low viscosity. When the ratio of cement powder: waste concrete powder: waste brick powder is 3:5:2 or 3:6:1, the 28 d compressive strength of the stone body is more than 2 MPa, meeting the filling requirements for a goaf foundation. It is not only technically feasible but also economically reasonable to apply construction waste powder to fill the goaf foundation. Recycling and utilizing construction waste can also achieve the ecological restoration of mined-out areas, highlighting the ecological benefits.

Novel Biocement/Honey Composites for Bone Regenerative Medicine.

New biocements based on a powdered mixture of calcium phosphate/monetite (TTCPM) modified with the addition of honey were prepared by mixing the powder and honey liquid components at a non-cytotoxic concentration of honey (up to 10% (w/v)). The setting process of the cements was not affected by the addition of honey, and the setting time of ~4 min corresponded to the fast setting calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). The cement powder mixture was completely transformed into calcium-deficient nanohydroxyapatite after 24 h of hardening in a simulated body fluid, and the columnar growth of long, needle-like nanohydroxyapatite particles around the original calcium phosphate particles was observed in the honey cements. The compressive strength of the honey cements was reduced with the content of honey in the cement. Comparable antibacterial activities were found for the cements with honey solutions on Escherichia coli, but very low antibacterial activities were found for Staphylococcus aureus for all the cements. The enhanced antioxidant inhibitory activity of the composite extracts was verified. In vitro cytotoxicity testing verified the non-cytotoxic nature of the honey cement extracts, and the addition of honey promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposit production, and the upregulation of osteogenic genes (osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osteonectin) by mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating the positive synergistic effect of honey and CPCs on the bioactivity of cements that could be promising therapeutic candidates for the repair of bone defects.