Poverty Groups Research Articles

Identification and prediction of the degree of multidimensional returning to poverty risk for the household in China through the novel hybrid model: Based on the survey data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)

In China, absolute poverty has been effectively eliminated, but this does not signify the complete eradication of poverty. Instead, poverty persists in the forms of relative and secondary poverty. More concerningly, regions or households lifted out of poverty continue to face numerous risks of returning to poverty. In this context, measuring poverty solely based on monetary metrics is no longer adequate. Furthermore, the primary focus of grassroots governance has shifted from merely assessing poverty to accurately predicting the multifaceted risks associated with falling back into poverty. A multidimensional poverty indicator system is constructed to measure and predict the risk of multidimensional returning to poverty in China. Then, the Alkire–Forster counting method is applied to measure the risk of multidimensional poverty return and demonstrate the contribution of various indicators to multidimensional poverty return using tracking survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The results show that the multidimensional poverty return in China is mainly caused by the factors in two or three dimensions, where the social development capability dimension has the highest contribution to the multidimensional poverty return index with 43.12%, followed by the health and education dimensions. Moreover, according to the finding that the identification of multidimensional poverty varies with the values of the poverty cut-off, a novel and practicable method is proposed to classify the risk into three levels, noted as the high, medium and low levels. Consequently, a hybrid model is constructed to predict the risk of multidimensional poverty return by integrating the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural networks. Finally, the performance of the constructed model is validated with an accuracy up to 99.81%. The constructed model's efforts outperform the traditional BiLSTM and several prevalent machine learning algorithms through extensive comparative experiments. These results illustrate that the proposed model can accurately and stably predict the potential risk of poverty return for multidimensional poverty groups and regions. In conclusion, drawing from the analysis of factors contributing to the risk of relapsing into poverty in this study, policy suggestions have been formulated focusing on education, social capacity enhancement, and healthcare system advancement. In summary, this paper provides new insights into the factors contributing to multidimensional poverty recurrence and the methods for assessing its risk levels, while also introducing a more precise approach to predicting these levels.

Policies enhancing agricultural value chains in developing countries: An Evidence Gap Map

Strengthening agricultural value chains (AVCs) and ensuring continuous supply of food is of upmost importance especially for developing countries where food security and malnutrition remain vital threats. However, effective and efficient coordination of AVCs in developing countries continues to remain an issue due to capacity constraints and inefficiencies of interventions. An Evidence Gap Map (EGM) is used to systematically retrieve, organize, and map existing knowledge on AVCs and identify gaps in the literature that will suggest future areas for effective policy interventions. The marginal increase in knowledge of a project focusing on an area of a knowledge gap may be larger than that of a project which focuses on an area with many studies. A total of 4745 studies were retrieved from a systematic search, however only 165 studies meeting inclusion criteria are included in EGM. Most policy interventions address inputs supply stage of value chains with specific focus on subsidies and agricultural loans. Governance and issues related to gender, poverty and social groups are underexplored. Most frequently mentioned outcomes subcategories were yield, agricultural profits, family income, and technology adoption. Outcomes related to risk management and product movement in time and space had the smallest frequency of occurrence. As noted, underexplored areas provide opportunities for future research.

Socioeconomic Factors Determining Multidimensional Child Poverty Groups in Central America: A Measurement Proposal from the Wellbeing Approach Using a Comprehensive Set of Children’s Rights

This article aims to show that multidimensional child poverty (MCP) is determined by several socioeconomic factors that influence the formation of stratified groups of poor children under five years of age living in Central America. This study advocates for a comprehensive set of children's rights with the purpose of addressing the different facets of child poverty from the perspective of child well-being, in order to estimate the incidence of MCP, by including multiple childhood deprivations and socioeconomic determinants. Child-specific indicators and household deprivation indicators are considered in the estimation of MCP. The study also states that child poverty is a complex concept, which includes the various types of deprivations experienced by children in the Central American societies and their deprivations are considered as the denial of children’s rights. Therefore, the MCP is estimated based on a conditional latent class analysis that includes not only manifest deprivation variables, but also socioeconomic determinants that help to better predict the incidence and probabilities of children being multidimensionally poor according to different poverty strata. The socioeconomic factors that show high risks of MCP are rural areas, indigenous children, young mothers and low levels of education attained by the head of the household, among others. One of the reasons to investigate the MCP for Belize and El Salvador is because there are few studies that address this problem for these countries and this research sheds light on the characteristics of early childhood poverty. The results indicate that the incidence of MCP is 49% in Belize and 76% in El Salvador. The research work concludes that the International Rights of the Child provide the opportunity to implement comprehensive social policies in Central America to eradicate child poverty.

Analysis of Poverty Profile of Rural Farm Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The poverty profile of rural farm households belonging to association(s) in Akwa Ibom State, in the southern region of Nigeria, was analyzed. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 180 rural farm households within the research area. Descriptive statistics and the FGT methodology were utilized to evaluate the objectives of the study. The findings indicated that 60.56% of the rural farm households were classified as poor. Among the identified poor farmers, approximately 27.78% and 32.78% were categorized as core poor and moderate poor, respectively. Only 39.44% of the rural farm households were considered non-poor. The incidence of poverty among the core poor farm households was found to be 51.00%, while it was 62.00% for the moderate poor rural farm households. Similarly, the poverty depth indices revealed that the core poverty group accounted for 28.00%, whereas the moderate poverty group accounted for 22.00%. Furthermore, the research identified several activities adopted by farm households to alleviate poverty, including providing loans to members at reduced rates, mobilizing savings, engaging in group work, disseminating information on new agricultural products and prices, and organizing training on modern farming techniques, among others. Based on these findings, it is evident that poverty continues to be a significant issue among rural farm households in the southern region of Nigeria. Therefore, a re-evaluation of the various strategies aimed at reducing poverty is imperative in this region.

Peru’s National Policy on Financial Inclusion and Its Alignment with Sustainable Development Goal I

This article analyzes the implementation of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) and its alignment with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) I: Eradicate poverty. Despite the progress achieved, structural gaps persist and substantially limit the NFIS’s contribution to poverty reduction, especially among rural, indigenous, extreme poverty, and other vulnerable groups. The article employs a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. On the qualitative side, a hermeneutic documentary analysis of the NFIS and related regulations was carried out, with a critical textual interpretation supported by specialized software. Quantitatively, descriptive statistical techniques were applied to analyze official financial inclusion indicators—methodological integration was achieved through analytical triangulation under a concurrent mixed methods approach. The progress of initiatives under the NFIS was evaluated, identifying limitations such as the digital divide in rural areas, limited financing for Micro and Small Enterprises, gaps in financial education, and growing exposure to digital fraud. Although the NFIS promotes greater access to financial services, it does not explicitly focus on the poorest and most excluded populations. Therefore, it is recommended that the objectives and indicators of the NFIS be reformulated to focus on universal access and effective use of financial services by the population in extreme poverty and chronic exclusion. In addition, a strategic articulation with social protection policies is necessary, as well as promoting culturally relevant microfinance and inclusive finance models, strengthening consumer protection, and consolidating public–private alliances in high-poverty areas. Finally, strong monitoring and accountability are also key.

Assessing Regional Public Service Facility Accessibility Using Multisource Geospatial Data: A Case Study of Underdeveloped Areas in China

Promoting the accessibility of basic public service facilities is key to safeguarding and improving people’s lives. Effective public service provision is especially important for the sustainable development of less developed regions. Lincang in Yunnan Province is a typical underdeveloped region in China. In parallel, multisource remote sensing data with higher spatial resolution provide more precise results for small-scale regional accessibility assessment. Thus, we use an assessment method to measure and evaluate the accessibility of three types of infrastructure in Lincang based on multisource geospatial data. We further analyze the matching between public service facility accessibility and the socioeconomic attributes of inhabitant clusters and different poverty groups. The results show that the accessibility of educational facilities is currently better than that of health facilities in Lincang and that of sanitation facilities is relatively poor. Public service facility accessibility varies significantly among different types of inhabitant clusters, with better accessibility in inhabitant clusters with high levels of population density, aging, and income. Accessibility to healthcare, education, and sanitation is negatively correlated to varying degrees of poverty levels of poor groups, and the mean values of accessibility to various types of public facilities vary significantly across poor groups. Our findings can help inform policy formulation and provide theoretical support for planning and optimizing the layout of public facilities.

Association between triclosan and obesity using NHANES 2007-2016: Overall and stratified population

Studies have shown that triclosan is able to exert estrogenic activity and may affect energy metabolism through multiple mechanisms, which in turn is associated with obesity and overweight. However, insufficient research has been done to confirm its connection to obesity in the general population. This study's aim was to explore the relationship between triclosan and obesity in American adults (aged 20). The association was further explored in populations stratified by sex, age, race, education level, and socioeconomic status. In the general population, there was a connection between triclosan and obesity that was detrimental. (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, p value: 0.017).In the other race group, triclosan and obesity were found to be dramatically negatively correlated (including multi-racial) when stratified by race (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.8-0.98, p value: 0.019). When stratified by socioeconomic class, there was a substantial relationship between triclosan and obesity in the above poverty group. (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1, p value: 0.023). Finally, when dividing the population according to education level, we had a more novel finding in the graduate or above group: it was discovered that triclosan lowers the likelihood of obesity (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98, p value: 0.005) while increasing odds of overweight (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, p value: 0.027).

Poverty and inequality in real-world schizophrenia: a national study.

Schizophrenia has high socioeconomic impact among severe psychiatric disorders. To explore clinician-reported and patient-reported inequities between patients under the poverty threshold vs. the others. 916 patients consecutively recruited in 10 national centers received a comprehensive standardized evaluation of illness severity, addictions and patient-reported outcomes. 739 (80.7%) of the patients were classified in the poverty group. This group had poorer objective illness outcomes (lower positive, negative, cognitive, excitement/aggressive and self-neglect symptoms and lifetime history of planned suicide) in multivariate analyses. While they had similar access to treatments and psychotherapy, they had lower access to socially useful activities, couple's life, housing and parenthood. They had also more disturbed metabolic parameters. On the contrary, the poverty group reported better self-esteem. No significant difference for depression, risky health behavior including addictions and sedentary behavior was found. The equity in access to care is attributed to the French social system. However, mental and physical health remain poorer in these patients, and they still experience poor access to social roles independently of illness severity and despite healthcare interventions. These patients may have paradoxically better self-esteem due to decreased contact with society and therefore lower stigma exposure (especially at work). Schizophrenia presents itself as a distinct impoverished population concerning health-related outcomes and social integration, warranting focus in public health initiatives and improved treatment, including tailored interventions, collaborative care models, accessible mental health services, housing support, vocational training and employment support, community integration, education and awareness, research and data collection, culturally competent approaches, and long-term support.

Digital Finance and Entrepreneurial Return Rate: Effects, Mechanisms and Inequality

This study matches the digital financial inclusion index with micro panel data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2015, 2017, and 2019, and explores the impact of digital finance on the return rate of entrepreneurship. The results show that the effect is positive—entrepreneurial households in prefectures with higher digital finance obtain higher return rates—and remarkably reliable to a battery of endogeneity and robustness tests. Mechanism analysis indicates that the positive effect of digital finance on the return rate of entrepreneurship is achieved mainly through facilitating external financing and reducing financial transaction costs. Further research finds that the spillover effect of digital finance has obvious Internet bias: the “digital dividend” only extends to the advantaged classes who have access to the Internet—non-rural and migrating rural entrepreneurs, but for non-migrating rural entrepreneurs generally facing digital exclusion, digital finance has little effect on their return rate. The empirical evidence presented in this study has important policy implications for accelerating the digital finance process, promoting high-quality entrepreneurship development, and boosting digital poverty groups to break stratum solidification.

Digital financial inclusion and subjective well-being – Evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study

This study investigates the impact of digital financial inclusion (DFI) on the subjective well-being of China's older population, specifically examining the effects on depression, life satisfaction, and self-reported health status. Drawing on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), our research reveals that the advancement of DFI has a significant positive impact on reducing symptoms of depression and improving the self-reported health status of elderly individuals. Furthermore, our analysis of heterogeneity indicates that these welfare improvements are more pronounced in rural areas compared to urban areas and among the non-multidimensional poverty (non-MP) group rather than the multidimensional poverty (MP) group. Moreover, we find that the impact of DFI on depression is more immediate, while its influence on self-rated health takes longer to manifest. These findings collectively suggest that enhancing digital finance can effectively improve subjective well-being, particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly population, individuals facing multidimensional poverty, and those residing in rural areas. The immediate relief of depression and the gradual improvement in self-reported health highlight the policy implications of leveraging digital finance to enhance subjective well-being.

Zakat Distribution Priorities in Malaysia: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: A key objective of zakat institutions is to distribute funds efficiently and effectively. Despite its critical role in alleviating poverty, the distribution of zakat appears to have been overlooked by previous studies. Recognising such a gap, this study examines the distribution priorities of zakat funds in Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Our study relies upon secondary data on the distribution of zakat funds between 2007 and 2015. We analyse the data using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique (pair-wise technique analysis), which involves ranking zakat recipients and comparing them across all states in Malaysia. Research findings: This study demonstrates that zakat funds were distributed to beneficiaries as mentioned in the Quran: hardcore poor (fakir), poor (miskin), zakat operator (amil), inclined to Islam (muallaf), slave (riqab), debtors (gharimin) wayfarer (fisabilillah) and stranded in path (Ibnu Sabil). The poverty groups and wayfarers were the top priority of Malaysian zakat institutions. Meanwhile, debtors, slaves, and those stranded in path were given the least importance. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study addresses the gap in the zakat literature by adding empirical evidence on the zakat distribution practices amongst all states in Malaysia in remedying the long-standing issue of poverty. The output of this study contributes to enhancing society’s understanding of the role of zakat institutions in combating poverty in Malaysia. Practitioner/Policy implication: A clear policy that focuses on designing practical programmes that can enhance the living standards of poor people should be designed and reinforced in all zakat institutions. Research limitation/Implications: The study’s data is limited from 2007 to 2015. This is due to the inconsistency and missing data related to the distribution of zakat. Nevertheless, this study extends the existing zakat management literature, especially in the context of zakat collection and distribution among beneficiaries. Furthermore, the present study highlights important issues on how to manage zakat funds in Malaysia practically.

Classification of Rural Relative Poverty Groups and Measurement of the Influence of Land Elements: A Questionnaire-Based Analysis of 23 Poor Counties in China

In 2021, China achieved an all-round victory in the fight against poverty and completed the task of eliminating absolute poverty. However, relative poverty will still exist for a long time. According to the degree of relative poverty, this paper divided rural population into four groups, incapability group, vulnerable group, marginal group and non-relative poverty group, to further explore the differences in specific land elements requirements among different groups. Firstly, ten factors were selected as evaluation indexes, including per capita household income, education level, poverty registration situation, employment situation, critical disease situation, natural disaster frequency situation, etc. By extracting 100 relative poverty group evaluation units as samples, the authors established a decision tree for rural relative poverty group evaluation based on an improved ID3 algorithm. Secondly, we quantified the effect of different land elements. Considering the resource, asset and capital function of land, this paper constructed an ordered logistic model with four groups as classification variables. The result showed that: (1) a better condition of land resource endowment leads to a lower degree of rural relative poverty; however, over-reliance on land increases the risk of relative poverty; (2) except for cultivation income and land transfer income, asset value and capital value of rural land are not evident. Suggestions are put forward: use land elements to build a long-term mechanism for rural relative poverty alleviation; improve the quantity, quality and spatial endowment of rural land resources; optimize the rural land property rights and land acquisition system; realize the market-based mechanism for rural land transfer; and implement the policy of Increase and Decrease Connection of Urban and Rural Construction Land.

How do Australian policymakers frame the causes of and policy solutions to poverty? A critical examination of Anti‐Poverty Week parliamentary debates from 2012 to 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, poverty has increasingly been marginalised in Australian policy discourse. One strategy used by social justice advocates to revitalise a poverty policy agenda has been the annual Anti‐Poverty Week campaign, which aims to stimulate community debate around policy innovations to relieve poverty. This paper analyses the Commonwealth parliamentary debates around Anti‐Poverty Week for 10 years from 2012 to 2021. We analyse and compare how politicians from three political parties – the Liberal and National Party Coalition, the Australian Labor Party and The Australian Greens – identified the key statistics for and groups in poverty, their sources of evidence, the consequences of poverty for those affected, the causes of poverty including whether or not disadvantage was linked to wider structural inequities, and the framing of poverty and potential policy solutions. Some conclusions are drawn from these findings about potential strategies for reinvigorating the poverty debate.

Disparities in Air Pollutants Across Racial, Ethnic, and Poverty Groups at US Public Schools.

We investigate socioeconomic disparities in air quality at public schools in the contiguous US using high resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. We find that schools with higher proportions of people of color (POC) and students eligible for the federal free or reduced lunch program, a proxy for poverty level, are associated with higher pollutant concentrations. For example, we find that the median annual NO2 concentration for White students, nationally, was 7.7 ppbv, compared to 9.2 ppbv for Black and African American students. Statewide and regional disparities in pollutant concentrations across racial, ethnic, and poverty groups are consistent with nationwide results, where elevated NO2 concentrations were associated with schools with higher proportions of POC and higher levels of poverty. Similar, though smaller, differences were found in PM2.5 across racial and ethnic groups in most states. Racial, ethnic, and economic segregation across the rural-urban divide is likely an important factor in pollution disparities at US public schools. We identify distinct regional patterns of disparities, highlighting differences between California, New York, and Florida. Finally, we highlight that disparities exist not only across urban and non-urban lines but also within urban environments.

Advancing global health and the sustainable development goals through transdisciplinary research and equitable publication practices

Advancing global health and the sustainable development goals through transdisciplinary research and equitable publication practices

The Capability Approach to Adolescent Poverty in China: Application of a Latent Class Model

After 2020, poverty alleviation in China will shift from eliminating absolute poverty to alleviating unbalanced and insufficient relative poverty. Based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, this article aimed to realize the freedom of “capability” of children and ensure the well-being and development of Chinese adolescents, who are often ignored in child poverty research. The study sought to estimate the 10–15-year-olds in a multidimensional capabilities poverty group. Our analysis was based on the adolescent capability methodology framework, using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to investigate the types and influencing factors of adolescent capability poverty in China. The result of latent class analysis showed that there are four types of capability poverty among the Chinese adolescents, namely, Extreme Capability Poverty Class, Goal Capability Poverty Class, Opportunity Capability Poverty Class, and Capability Non-Poverty Class. Multinomial logistic regression showed that the personal factors of gender, ethnic minority, hukou, and pocket money; the family factors of parents’ marital status, parents’ education level, and region of residence; and the family economic factor of per capita family income had a significant impact on the types of China’s adolescent capability poverty. The article provides empirical and quantitative evidence for the adolescent (ages 10–15) class of capability poverty. The findings provide a reference for policy makers to target poverty-alleviation efforts according to different types of poverty and to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Analysis and Exploration on the Integration of Mental Health Education into College Physical Education Practice.

In order to understand the mental health status of contemporary college students, the research team of “College Students' psychological quality training” conducted mental health examination on nearly 6000 Chinese college students from 23 colleges and universities across the country. The results showed that about 16.51% of Chinese college graduates had serious mental health problems. The results of several recent studies on the mental health status of college graduates across the country show that the accuracy rate of mental behavior examination among college graduates across the country is about 16%, and the rate of people with unsound psychology or in a state of mental sub-health is higher, and there has been a psychological poverty group among college students. A large number of educational facts and scientific research have confirmed that sports are one of the most effective ways to promote students' physical and mental development, and it can be said that there is a very close relationship between college sports and the physical and mental health of college graduates. In order to promote the organic combination of college mental health education and college physical education, the research results will be based on in-depth investigation and understanding of the current situation of college students' psychological development under the new situation, and a systematic study of the relationship between college graduates' physical, sports, mental health knowledge, and psychological level. This paper establishes a theoretical model for the organic combination of mental health education and physical education in colleges and universities, and provides specific countermeasures for integrating psychological teaching into college physical education courses, providing a theoretical basis and reference for developing college physical education courses and improving psychological teaching.

Poverty Reduction Policy of Small Farmers and Culturers Towards Explpoitative Middlery Intermediation

The poverty process creates specific rural poverty groups in a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, so that no valid anti-poverty program can apply equally to every time and every region, one of the specific rural poverty community groups created by the poverty process is Small Farmers and Cultivators, the source of their poverty is due to low access to land and capital, the alternatives available to them in the labor market are very small with low wages, precarious work, high unemployment rates, and limited land, so they experience exploitation by middlemen. intensive. The type of research used is descriptive research, the approach used is a case study using the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method. In this case, the case study is the search for problems (problem structuring) of the sources and processes behind the poverty of the farming community in Jonggon Kampung Village and the policies that need to be implemented in response to these problems. The research location was conducted in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, the unit of analysis of this study was at the village level, the determination of the unit of analysis was carried out intentionally according to the research objectives (purposive), namely villages according to the classification of poor villages with a functional group approach of people who are vulnerable to the poverty process. rural areas, namely groups of small farmers and sharecroppers. The results of the study confirm the policies that need to be implemented in an effort to increase the productivity of poor farmers in Jonggon Kampung Village, namely; controlling the shrinkage of functional land, increasing the application of appropriate technology, capital assistance and increasing access to marketing as alternative selected policies to be recommended.

Poverty Reduction Policy of Small Farmers and Culturers Towards Explpoitative Middlery Intermediation

The poverty process creates specific rural poverty groups in a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, so that no valid anti-poverty program can apply equally to every time and every region, one of the specific rural poverty community groups created by the poverty process is Small Farmers and Cultivators, the source of their poverty is due to low access to land and capital, the alternatives available to them in the labor market are very small with low wages, precarious work, high unemployment rates, and limited land, so they experience exploitation by middlemen. intensive. The type of research used is descriptive research, the approach used is a case study using the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method. In this case, the case study is the search for problems (problem structuring) of the sources and processes behind the poverty of the farming community in Jonggon Kampung Village and the policies that need to be implemented in response to these problems. The research location was conducted in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, the unit of analysis of this study was at the village level, the determination of the unit of analysis was carried out intentionally according to the research objectives (purposive), namely villages according to the classification of poor villages with a functional group approach of people who are vulnerable to the poverty process. rural areas, namely groups of small farmers and sharecroppers. The results of the study confirm the policies that need to be implemented in an effort to increase the productivity of poor farmers in Jonggon Kampung Village, namely; controlling the shrinkage of functional land, increasing the application of appropriate technology, capital assistance and increasing access to marketing as alternative selected policies to be recommended.

The Use of Fuzzy Logic to Measure Multidimensional Poverty in Cameroon

The protean nature of poverty does not make it easy to understand, as it is a concept that can be seen from several angles (sociological, anthropological and economic). However, the aim of this paper is to provide a measure of multidimensional poverty in Cameroon. In other words, to make a multidimensional analysis of poverty. To achieve this, the fuzzy logic approach of Lotfi Zadeh (1965) would be ideal, as it appears to be the appropriate tool for specifying such vague concepts as poverty. Using the third Cameroonian household survey (ECAM3), we were able to identify the different poverty groups. This enabled us to construct a multidimensional poverty index in three stages. First, the non-monetary dimensions were selected, then the deprivation indicators were extracted and finally the results were aggregated.