Shape Of Potential Research Articles

Pseudospin symmetry in resonant states and its dependence on the shape of potential

The complex momentum representation method is used to explore the single particle resonances in nuclei. The energies, widths, and wavefunctions are obtained by solving the Dirac equation with a Woods-Saxon potential, in which the parameters are determined from the RMF calculations for 132Sn. The pseudospin symmetry is investigated for the resonant states in comparison with bound states. Approximate degeneracy is shown in the energies, widths, and wavefunctions between the pseudospin doublets including the resonant and bound states. The influence of the potential shape on the pseudospin symmetry is checked. The quality of pseudospin symmetry is shown to be dependent of the parameters, which is explained in terms of the change of potential with these parameters. The energy and width splittings between the pseudospin doublets are sensitive to the potential parameters, which is clarified by the change of the derivative of potential with r. Moreover, the pseudospin splitting in the wavefunctions and its dependence on potential shape are analyzed. The wave function splitting between the pseudospin doublets is quantitatively obtained in the momentum space for the resonant states because they are local and square integrable. Considering that a real nuclear field is similar to a Woods-Saxon potential, the change of the parameters in Woods-Saxon potential can reflect the change of nuclear field from stable nuclei to drop-line nuclei. Therefore, the present researches are helpful to understand the level structure of the weakly bound nuclei and their exotic properties.

Manipulation of quantum paths in the harmonic emission from periodic potential

The harmonic emissions from different periodic potentials have been investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The results show that by superposing the static electric field to the fundamental laser field and changing the shape of the bichromatic potential, the harmonic efficiency of the second plateau can be enhanced 5–6 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the related quantum paths are efficiently manipulated, and the harmonic emission is dominated by single short quantum path. With energy band, time-dependent population imaging and time–frequency analysis, the underlying electron dynamics is provided.

Controlled Lagrangians and stabilization of Euler–Poincaré mechanical systems with broken symmetry II: potential shaping

We apply the method of controlled Lagrangians by potential shaping to Euler--Poincar\'e mechanical systems with broken symmetry. We assume that the configuration space is a general semidirect product Lie group $\mathsf{G} \ltimes V$ with a particular interest in those systems whose configuration space is the special Euclidean group $\mathsf{SE}(3) = \mathsf{SO}(3) \ltimes \mathbb{R}^{3}$. The key idea behind the work is the use of representations of $\mathsf{G} \ltimes V$ and their associated advected parameters. Specifically, we derive matching conditions for the modified potential exploiting the representations and advected parameters. Our motivating examples are a heavy top spinning on a movable base and an underwater vehicle with non-coincident centers of gravity and buoyancy. We consider a few different control problems for these systems, and show that our results give a general framework that reproduces our previous work on the former example and also those of Leonard on the latter. Also, in one of the latter cases, we demonstrate the advantage of our representation-based approach by giving a simpler and more succinct formulation of the problem.

Absorbed driven diffusion can provide positive heat and work output

We investigate overdamped Brownian motion in a fluctuating potential on a one-dimensional interval bordered by absorbing boundaries. The potential switches randomly between the ∨-shaped and the ∧-shaped form and is symmetric with respect to the origin. We derive exact expressions describing the absorption process, dynamics and stochastic energetics of the particle. The mean absorption time can exhibit a pronounced minimum as the function of the potential switching rate. Moreover, there exists a parameter region where both the output work and the released heat are positive. We give a plausible explanation for this phenomenon based on typical statistical features of absorbed trajectories. The presented analytical method can be generalized to other models based on dichotomous switching between two potential shapes.

Alcohol consumption and the risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a U.S. Veterans population.

Chronic alcohol use is a risk factor for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma. However, it is less well understood whether alcohol use is a risk factor for premalignant mucosal changes, namely gastric intestinal metaplasia. We examined the association between various parameters of alcohol use and risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia. We used data from 2084 participants (including 403 with gastric intestinal metaplasia) recruited between February 2008-August 2013 into a cross-sectional study at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, Texas. All participants underwent a study upper endoscopy with systematic gastric mapping biopsies. Cases had intestinal metaplasia on any non-cardia gastric biopsy. Participants self-reported lifetime history of alcohol consumption, along with other lifestyle risk factors, through a study survey. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for categories of average alcohol consumption using multivariable logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline regression to explore the potential shape of a dose-response relationship. Compared to lifelong non-drinkers, individuals who consumed on average ≥28 drinks per week had no elevated risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia (adjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.74-2.19). Based on a spline regression curve and its 95% CI, there was also no demonstrable association between cumulative lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia. Similarly, we found no association between beverage type (beer, wine, liquor/spirits) and risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia. Neither amount of alcohol consumed nor specific beverage type was associated with risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Species dependent cardiac electrophysiological effects elicited by various potassium channel blocking drugs

Rodents are commonly used as models in electrophysiology. However, distinct differences exist between large animals and rodents in terms of their ion channel expression and action potential shapes, possibly limiting the translational value of findings obtained in rodents. We aimed for a direct comparison of the possible impact of selective inhibition of ion channels on the cardiac repolarization in preparations from human hearts and from model species. We applied the standard microelectrode technique at 37°C on cardiac ventricular preparations (papillary muscles and trabecules) from human (n = 63), dog (n = 47), guinea pig (n = 53), rat (n = 43), and rabbit (n = 16) hearts, paced at 1 Hz. To selectively block the IKur current, 1 µM XEN-D101; IK1 current, 10 µM barium chloride; IKr current, 50 nM dofetilide; IKs current, 500 nM HMR-1556; and Ito current, 100 µM chromanol-293B were applied directly to the tissue bath. The block of IKur and IK1 elicited significantly more prominent prolongation of APD in rats (35.6% and 67.9%, respectively) when compared with the other species, including that of human (1.0% and 2.6%, respectively). On the other hand, IKr block did not affect APD in rat preparations (1.6%), whereas it elicited marked prolongation in other species (9.0-47.7%), especially being pronounced in human preparations (60.3%). IKs inhibition elicited similar but minor APD prolongation (0.3-11.4%) in all species. Inhibition of Ito moderately lengthened APD in dog (22.3%) and rabbit (17.5%) preparations but elicited no change of APD in human preparations. In contrast, block of Ito caused marked APD prolongation in rat preparations (33.2%). Our findings suggest that the specific inhibition of various ion channels elicits fundamentally different effects in rodent ventricular action potential when compared with those of other species, including human. Therefore, from a translational standpoint, rodent models in cardiac electrophysiological and arrhythmia research should be used with great caution.

Effects of modified gravity black holes on the bounds of greybody factor

The study of greybody factor helps us to understand the quantum nature of the black hole. Gravitational potentials and bounds on the greybody factors for some well known black holes are developed and we investigate the influence of Born–Infeld and massive gravity parameters on them. It is observed that greybody factor bounds depend on the shape of effective potential. For higher values of effective potential, it becomes difficult for the waves to transmit and hence reduces the greybody factor bounds. It is also worthwhile to mention here that charge works as barrier and cosmological constant increases the emission rate of Hawking radiation. It is also observed that the energy of emitted particles increases which results in the enhancement of the greybody factor bound. We also discuss the relationship of transmission probability and reflection probability.

Contraceptive trajectories postpartum: A longitudinal qualitative study of women living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa

BackgroundSupporting the ability of women living with HIV (WLWH) to avoid unintended pregnancy during the postpartum period decreases the number of new pediatric HIV infections, reduces pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality, and is a cost-effective strategy for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission. However, little is currently known about the contraceptive intentions and experiences of reinitiating family planning use among mothers living with HIV as they transition from pregnancy into postpartum. Study objectivesTo (1) understand the contraceptive trajectories of women living with HIV during pregnancy and postpartum in Cape Town, South Africa, and (2) identify factors shaping differing contraceptive trajectories during the postpartum period. MethodsThirty pregnant WLWH were interviewed during their eighth month of pregnancy and completed follow-up interviews at 6–8 weeks and 9–12 months postpartum (n = 81 total interviews). Interview topics included postpartum contraception intentions, contraceptive use, and experiences accessing family planning services. Trajectory analysis of contraceptive intentions was applied after initial thematic coding. ResultsWhile nearly half of women interviewed during pregnancy expressed an intention to utilize a non-injectable contraceptive option after childbirth (e.g. implant, IUD, sterilization, oral contraceptive pills), all women interviewed at one year postpartum had received at least one injection. Three main contraceptive trajectories were identified. (1) realization of contraceptive intentions postpartum; (2) unrealized contraceptive intentions postpartum; and (3) change in contraceptive intention over time. Provider influence, coordination of services, and low contraceptive inventory were identified as potential factors shaping the contraceptive trajectories of participants enrolled in the study. ConclusionDisparities between contraceptive method intentions articulated by WLWH during pregnancy and methods attained postpartum suggest that significant barriers remain for women who are unsatisfied with injectable contraception. Failing to provide postpartum mothers living with HIV their intended family planning method undermines efforts to prevent unintended pregnancy, a key pillar of elimination of mother-to-child transmission.

Country Risks and Brain Drain: The Emigration Potential of Japanese Skilled Workers

Abstract While most existing research attributes contemporary Japanese emigration to the pursuit of a better lifestyle, recent qualitative studies point out that concern about country risks is a significant driver . We explore Japan’s brain-drain potential and factors shaping Japanese skilled workers’ interest in emigrating to other countries based on our original survey with an experimental component. We first undertake descriptive analysis using respondents in the (baseline) control group and examine what types of Japanese skilled workers are interested in emigration. We then use respondents in the control and treatment groups to test our preregistered hypotheses regarding the impact of information about Japan’s country risks on their attitudes. The results of our descriptive analysis show that respondents with overseas experience and younger respondents are particularly motivated to consider emigration. Another notable finding is that respondents who distrust the government and media are also more likely to consider leaving Japan than those who do not. Furthermore, through our randomized survey experiment, we find that exposure to information about long-term economic risk encourages people to consider living abroad in the future. These results suggest that the brain drain from Japan is likely to continue, pointing to a need for policy actions to tackle it.

Anomaly Segmentation Based on Depth Image for Quality Inspection Processes in Tire Manufacturing

This paper introduces and implements an efficient training method for deep learning–based anomaly area detection in the depth image of a tire. A depth image of 16 bit integer size is used in various fields, such as manufacturing, industry, and medicine. In addition, the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the development of deep learning require deep learning–based problem solving in various fields. Accordingly, various research efforts use deep learning technology to detect errors, such as product defects and diseases, in depth images. However, a depth image expressed in grayscale has limited information, compared with a three-channel image with potential colors, shapes, and brightness. In addition, in the case of tires, despite the same defect, they often have different sizes and shapes, making it difficult to train deep learning. Therefore, in this paper, the four-step process of (1) image input, (2) highlight image generation, (3) image stacking, and (4) image training is applied to a deep learning segmentation model that can detect atypical defect data. Defect detection aims to detect vent spews that occur during tire manufacturing. We compare the training results of applying the process proposed in this paper and the general training result for experiment and evaluation. For evaluation, we use intersection of union (IoU), which compares the pixel area where the actual error is located in the depth image and the pixel area of the error inferred by the deep learning network. The results of the experiment confirmed that the proposed methodology improved the mean IoU by more than 7% and the IoU for the vent spew error by more than 10%, compared to the general method. In addition, the time it takes for the mean IoU to remain stable at 60% is reduced by 80%. The experiments and results prove that the methodology proposed in this paper can train efficiently without losing the information of the original depth data.

Improving suction technology for nerve activity recording

BackgroundExtracellular recording of nerve activities using suction electrodes is an easy yet powerful tool in characterizing neural activities in physiology and pathological conditions. The key factors that determine the quality of suction electrode recordings have not been fully investigated.New Methods: Here, we proposed a biophysical model to study the mechanisms underlying suction technology for axon recording. The model focuses on the interpretation of the recorded single neuron activity based on the location of the electrode, the integrity of the recorded tissue, and the tightness of the suction. To directly test these model predictions, we applied two channel recordings from the nerves in Aplysia californica, and analyzed the shape of the extracellularly recorded single neuron activity under various conditions. ResultsWe found that both the recording site and the integrity of the neural tissue impact the shape of the action potentials traveling along the axon. In practice, the tightness of the suction is the key parameter for high-quality recordings using a suction electrode.Comparison with Existing Methods: Experimental protocols that can improve precise positioning of the electrode tip to the target nerve, avoid tissue damage, enhance suction force, and maintain tightness are essential for high-quality suction recording from axons. Current methods have not emphasized on achieving and maintaining of the suction pressure during experimentation, and have sometimes ignored the impact of suction electrode position or tissue damage to the quality of the recorded neural signal. ConclusionsA combined theoretical analysis and experimental approach is essential in improving neural recording technology. The work provides theoretical and practical guidelines to improve suction technology. This work also provides valuable insights to the improvement of several other extracellular recording technology in laboratory research or clinical settings.

Comparison of the magneto-optical properties of the semi-parabolic well with those of the parabolic and rectangular wells under the combined influences of aluminum concentration and hydrostatic pressure

In this paper, we report the comparison of the magneto-optical transport properties of the semi-parabolic potential quantum well with those of the parabolic and rectangular potential quantum wells under the combined influences of the aluminum concentration, the temperature, the hydrostatic pressure, and the Landau levels by using the methods of the quantum field theory for many-particle systems in statistical physics and the profile to calculate analytically the conductivity tensor expression, the magneto-optical absorption power expression of the optically detected magneto-phonon resonance (ODMPR) oscillation, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ODMPR peak, respectively, in quantum wells with three above different confining potential shapes for typical GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs material. The results obtained from the present study show that (i) the ODMPR peak position undergoes a red-shift as the aluminum concentration and the hydrostatic pressure increase while it experiences a blue-shift as the temperature augments for all three above confining potential shapes; (ii) the FWHM as functions of the barrier's Al-concentration, the system's temperature, and the hydrostatic pressure for all three confining potential shapes is presented to compare; (iii) the dependence of the FWHM on the barrier's Al-concentration and the hydrostatic pressure for the Landau levels for three confining potential shapes also is taken into account in detail; (iv) our present theoretical calculations are found to be consistent with previous experimental calculations.

Asymmetry of synchronisation tongue in persistent sodium plus potassium neuron model

In recent experimental studies, cardio-respiratory synchronisation was observed when the respiration rate was higher than the resting heart rate. Under this condition, there is a strong asymmetry in the synchronisation tongue towards frequencies higher than that of an unperturbed self-oscillator. These experimental results are compelling because they support a novel hypothesis about the interaction of cardiac and respiratory centres in the brain. This hypothesis, however, required further validation; we aimed to observe the key experimental features in related dynamical models. A number of simple self-oscillatory systems under an external driving force have been considered in this work, and a persistent sodium plus potassium neuron model was found to display the strong asymmetry, which is the key feature of the experimental observations. Bifurcations and other changes in the model’s state space were considered by varying the amplitude and frequency of the external force. It was shown that the strong asymmetry in the synchronisation tongue is linked to a non-uniformity of the surface of the non-synchronous invariant torus, and, within a certain range of parameters, to the additional saddle–node bifurcations of cycles. Then, it was demonstrated that the torus non-uniformity leads to changes in the shape of the phase difference potential as the amplitude increases. To illustrate the latter effect, a numerical approach for estimating the one dimensional phase difference profile and providing the corresponding explicit analytical expression is developed. Also, a discrepancy in synchronisation boundaries obtained by two different approaches, one based on bifurcational analysis and the other on a time series technique, was observed. The latter observation stresses the necessity of considering the standard deviation of instantaneous frequency alongside the mean value for the non-ambiguous identification of synchronisation in periodically driven systems.

Identical Location Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Fuel Cell Catalyst Degradation

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) provide a sustainable, low-carbon alternative to the world’s current energy structure based on fossil fuels. At the heart of this solution, the PEMFC technology is met with two main barriers for wide commercialization: the cost and degradation of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) [1]. The main thrusts for ORR electrocatalyst development are currently Pt-transition metal (TM) alloy nanoparticles [1] and atomically-dispersed platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts [2] that reduce the Pt loading or replace Pt completely.The degradation of Pt-TM alloy nanoparticles, such as PtCo, involves the combined processes of Pt and Co dissolution, Pt oxide formation, and Pt redeposition. The interplay between different properties of catalysts, such as particle size distribution (PSD), Co composition, Pt-skin surface strain, and carbon support pore structure complicates attempts to link degradation mechanisms with loss in ORR activity and overall fuel cell performance [1]. Further, inhomogeneities of the catalyst layer limit the ability for electron microscopy to analyze the degradation process on the nanoscale. Similarly, the study of PGM-free catalyst degradation is also met with inhomogeneities which stem from the complex morphology of graphitic carbon particles, wide range of defects, and plurality of Fe active sites [2, 3].Identical-location scanning transmission electron microscopy (IL-STEM) allows the same catalytic material to be studied before and after ex situ cycling, minimizing the influence of inhomogeneities and therefore providing clearer insight into degradation mechanisms at the nanoscale [4]. Since the specimen is identical to a conventional STEM specimen, imaging and analytical methods like energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy can be performed at high spatial resolution. IL-STEM has previously been used to elucidate Pt catalyst degradation mechanisms such as migration, coalescence, and detachment from the carbon support [5-7]. Ostwald ripening has not been observed in most IL-STEM studies [5-7], however, in stark contrast to membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests where it is identified as a primary degradation mechanism [8, 9]. Therefore, reproducing degradation processes that occur in MEAs, which is critical for accurately identifying mechanisms that can inform mitigation strategies, is still a challenge for IL-STEM.In this work, we seek to identify IL-STEM experimental conditions and protocols that produce end of life (EOL) catalyst morphology and composition that mimic those found in MEAs. A range of parameters are explored, such as specimen preparation method, electrolyte concentration, gaseous environment, upper and lower cycling potentials, and potential wave shape to reproduce the catalyst degradation observed in both Pt-based and PGM-free MEAs. The contribution of different degradation mechanisms revealed by IL-STEM in each system will be presented, including particle coalescence, Ostwald ripening, TM leaching, and carbon corrosion. The resulting insights into fundamental fuel cell catalyst degradation mechanisms will be used to guide development of catalysts with enhanced performance and durability. [10]References[1] RL Borup et al., Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 21 (2020), p. 192.[2] L Osmieri et al., Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 25 (2021), p. 100627.[3] T Asset et al., Joule 24 (2020), p.33.[4] N Hodnik et al., Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 15 (2019), p. 73.[5] K Schlogl et al., J. Electroanal. Chem. 662 (2011), p. 355.[6] Y Yu et al., Nano Lett. 12 (2012), p. 4417.[7] L Dubau et al., Electrochim. Acta 110 (2013), p. 273.[8] H Yu et al., Electrochim. Acta 247 (2017), p. 1169.[9] TE O’Brien et al., ECS Trans. 98 (2020), p. 505.[10] This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office under the M2FCT and ElectroCat 2.0 consortia. Electron microscopy was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

Pedagogies of mattering: re-conceptualising relational pedagogies in higher education

ABSTRACT This article engages posthuman theory to propose a rethinking of the theory and practice of relational pedagogies within higher education (HE). There has been renewed emphasis within HE discourses on the significance of relationships within learning and teaching as a means to offer a counter-view to an uncaring marketised HE system. This article argues the need to build on and extend the current framing of relational pedagogies. It argues for an ethically affirmative reframing, through a posthuman, feminist materialist theoretical lens. The theory we elaborate on is put to work through illustrative examples from our experiences and practices as educators, which illuminate how and why relational pedagogies, considered as pedagogies of mattering, need to involve the nonhuman and more-than-human. Our examples sketch potential shapes for a pedagogy of mattering across three key areas of teaching in higher education: curriculum, teaching and learning and assessment.

The Political Consequences of Be(com)ing Mindful. How Mindfulness Might Affect Political Attitudes

Though research provides ample evidence that mindfulness shapes psychological processes and states that are linked to political attitudes and behavior, political science has so far largely ignored mindfulness as a potential explanatory factor shaping political attitudes and actions. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of mindfulness and outlines potential linkages between mindfulness and outlines political attitudes. I begin by identifying gaps in the literature on political attitude formation and change as well as its linkage to political behavior. I then introduce mindfulness as a multifaceted concept, discussing its definitional features and unravelling the mechanisms of mindfulness affecting cognitive and emotional abilities. Building on this foundation, I review research on correlates and effects of mindfulness on attitudes and behaviors related to the political domain, such as pro-environmentalism and pro-social behavior. Critically reflecting on extant research on mindfulness, I propose possible research avenues for political science that enhance its dialogue with neuroscience and social psychology.

Shape memory effect in metallic glasses

Shape memory effect in metallic glasses

Fuzzy Instantons in Landscape and Swampland: Review of the Hartle–Hawking Wave Function and Several Applications

The Euclidean path integral is well approximated by instantons. If instantons are dynamical, they will necessarily be complexified. Fuzzy instantons can have multiple physical applications. In slow-roll inflation models, fuzzy instantons can explain the probability distribution of the initial conditions of the universe. Although the potential shape does not satisfy the slow-roll conditions due to the swampland criteria, the fuzzy instantons can still explain the origin of the universe. If we extend the Euclidean path integral beyond the Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal, it becomes possible to examine fuzzy Euclidean wormholes that have multiple physical applications in cosmology and black hole physics.

Current Fluctuations in Nanopores Reveal the Polymer-Wall Adsorption Potential.

Modification of surface properties by polymer adsorption is a widely used technique to tune interactions in molecular experiments such as nanopore sensing. Here, we investigate how the ionic current noise through solid-state nanopores reflects the adsorption of short, neutral polymers to the pore surface. The power spectral density of the noise shows a characteristic change upon adsorption of polymer, the magnitude of which is strongly dependent on both polymer length and salt concentration. In particular, for short polymers at low salt concentrations no change is observed, despite the verification of comparable adsorption in these systems using quartz crystal microbalance measurements. We propose that the characteristic noise is generated by the movement of polymers on and off the surface and perform simulations to assess the feasibility of this model. Excellent agreement with experimental data is obtained using physically motivated simulation parameters, providing deep insight into the shape of the adsorption potential and underlying processes. This paves the way toward using noise spectral analysis for insitu characterization of functionalized nanopores.

Mass-number dependence of statistical model parameters and its impact on incomplete fusion fraction calculations

Incomplete fusion processes and estimation of strength of incomplete fusion in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions have been explored for several combinations of projectile-target nuclei. Dynamics of these reactions is explained using an optical model. Parameters of the optical model affect the shape and depth of nuclear potential and hence influence the theoretical predictions. For heavy ion induced reactions, the optical model potential parameters are not unique and different sets of these parameters may be used for different ranges of mass number $A$ and incident energy $E$. To explore the effect of optical model potential parameters, a comparative study of available experimental data for excitation functions of four systems, $^{16}\mathrm{O}+^{181}\mathrm{Ta}, ^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{165}\mathrm{Ho}, ^{14}\mathrm{N}+^{163}\mathrm{Dy}$, and $^{16}\mathrm{O}+^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$, with corresponding theoretically predicted excitation functions, made by PACE4 using different sets of optical model potential parameters, has been done. It has been observed that a single set of optical model potential parameters is not adequate for all the systems. The variations in these parameters change the theoretical cross-section predictions for various channels considerably, which in turn, change the correspondingly estimated fraction of incomplete fusion $({F}_{\mathrm{ICF}})$. The effect of deformation of target nuclei on fractional incomplete fusion has also been investigated for the above mentioned systems. ${F}_{\mathrm{ICF}}$ has been plotted as a function of deformation parameter $({\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2})$ of the target nuclei and it is found to increase as the deformation parameter of the corresponding target nuclei increases on either side of the intrinsic spherical symmetry.