Potential Water Resources Research Articles

Optimization of Pengga Reservoir in The Mandalika Special Economic Zone for Irrigation and Water Supply

Mandalika Special Economic Zone is tourism area that is expected to improve the economy in West Nusa Tenggara Province. To support these activities, an allocation of domestic water needs of 200 liters second -1 is needed. The potential availability of water in the Pengga Reservoir is planned to be a source of domestic water needs in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. Pengga Reservoir has an effective storage volume of 17.26 MCM. Potential water resources in Pengga Reservoir are obtained from reservoir outflow upstream and lateral inflow from several tributaries. The study was carried out to determine the reservoir storage capacity to meet domestic water needs and irrigation water needs covering an area 3189 ha. The cropping pattern used in the Pengga irrigation area is Paddy – Paddy/Secondary Crops – Paddy/Secondary Crops. To optimize the potential of water resources in the Pengga Reservoir, a linear programming optimization method is used. Indicators of the success of optimization calculations are indicated by the value of cropping intensity, k factor and reliability that have met the minimum limit value. The k factor value for irrigation water needs is 0.70 and domestic water needs is 0.85. Based on the optimization results, it is known the largest annual cropping intensity value occurs in the November I planting season. This conclusion can be seen from the comparison of annual cropping intensity values for the November I and November II planting schedules for the dry year inflow discharge scenario of 99.98% and 97.22% respectively. The cropping intensity value in the November I planting season is greater than November II, namely 100% and 97.25%, for the normal year discharge inflow scenario. This study provides an information for policy makers can use the November I planting schedule to obtain values for maximum cropping intensity and domestic water requirements.

Analisis Ketersediaan Air pada DAS Way Tembulih Untuk Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Ngaras Kabupaten Pesisir Barat

The purpose of this research were to determine the amount of potential water resource for food crops (rice and secondary crops), determine the optimal planting area of food crops (rice and secondary crops) according to the potential of available water resource and determine the cropping pattern of food crops (rice and secondary crops) in accordance with potential available water resource. The research was carried out with the stages of land water balance analysis technique using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment and Tools) model, analysis of irrigation water needs, analysis of reliable discharge, and analysis of the adequacy of needs for potential available water resource. The result showed that the potential of river water resource in Ngaras District can meet the water needs of rice crops in the first and second planting seasons starting from the beginning of November to the end of June each covering an area of 108,38 ha and the third planting seasons for soybean crops starting from the beginning of July to the end of December covering an area of 43,352 ha. In order to achieve the target of available raw land of 216,7 ha, it is recommended to apply the irrigation arrangement pattern in groups and the construction of weir infrastructure. Keywords: Irrigation regulation patterns, Irrigation water needs, Water resource potential.

Analisis Kebutuhan Air Irigasi dan Ketersediaan Sumber Daya Air Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Krui Selatan Kabupaten Pesisir Barat

Krui Selatan Subdistrict has potential in the productivity of rice and other food crops such as corns and soybeans. However, the management of water resources available to meet water needs in agriculture has not been optimal. This study aims to determine the potential amount of water resources for food crops (rice and palawija), to obtain the optimal planting area based on the potential of available water resources and to determine the cropping pattern of food crops according to the potential of available water resources. The analysis of research carried out in this study includes land water balance, crop water needs, irrigation water needs, water resource potential and water resource adequacy. This study uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) equipped with a SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model approach during the research process. Potential water resources available in Krui Selatan Subdistrict can be utilized for land development with rice and secondary crops. The intensity of rice planting is carried out 2 (two) times a year with a rice planting area that can be developed of 72,15 ha. Meanwhile, the development of palawija, which this study uses soybeans, can be carried out in planting season III with a rice field area that can be used for crops soybean 54,11 ha. Keywords: Irrigation, Geographic Information System, Water Resources.

The geoecological analysis of Lake Tuchne (Volyn Polissia) and assessment of sapropel reserves in it


 
 
 The administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine, which began in 2015, opened up prospects for newly created territorial communities to determine the resource potential of local territories under control and develop strategies for balanced nature use and their progressive development. The lakes, which have a significant potential for sapropel resources, take an important place in the Polissia region of Ukraine. Given the above, there is a need for a comprehensive study of specific lakes and justification of recommendations for the rational use and protection of their water and sapropel resources. The object of our research is Lake Tuchne, Volyn Polissia. The catchment area of Lake Tuchne is 10.05 km2, and the reservoir itself is 0.39 km2. A bathymetric model of the lake was built with a depth interval of 0.5 m. The vegetation index (NDVI) for the reservoir over the past five years has been varying from -0.53 (12/02/2021) to +0.48 (07/15/2021). The research presents a stratigraphic section of the reservoir sediments. The area of accumulated sapropel is 20.5 hectares, the average thickness is 4.46 m, and the maximum is 10.0 m. The ash content of sapropel varies within 17.5-37.5% (on dry substance). The content of Fe2O3 in the core ranges from 2.53% to 7.26%. The distribution of CaO compounds in the samples ranges from 2.09 to 8.12%. The CO2 content varies from 1.97 to 9.72%. The concentration of Р2О5 in sapropel samples is 0.19-0.53%. The distribution of S in sapropel deposits ranges from 0.23 to 1.09%. The pH (salt extract) distribution in the core samples varies from moderately alkaline (7.63) to close to neutral – 5.97. A digital landscape map of the lake was constructed with the selection of the littoral and sublittoral-profundal aqua sub-areas and five types of aquafacies. A landscape-metric analysis of the natural and aquatic complex of the lake was carried out. The potential of water resources of Tuchne lake is 827.0 thousand m3. Sapropel reserves of category A are 914,000 m3, and based on a conditional 60.0% humidity, they are 155,000 tons. The species composition of sapropel is represented by zoogenic, organo-ferrous, and organo-limestone species. The total stock of sapropel in the lake basin is 52.5% of its volume. The reservoir is promising for extracting sapropel due to its quality characteristics and hydro-technical prerequisites for operation. Mined sapropel can be used in agriculture, medicine, recreation, etc. Implementing this task will improve the geoecological state of the lake and the quality of its water resources.
 
 

Hydrological dynamics and water resource availability in the Rift Valley Lakes Basin (Ethiopia), using a WEAP model

Abstract This study aims to assess hydrologic dynamics and the water resource potential of the Rift Valley Lake Basin (RVLB) in Ethiopia using the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model. The surface water of the RVLB comprises streamflow and an open water system. The model was configured with 13 catchments and a monthly time series of approximately 43 years (1981–2022) to address the spatial variability of rainfall-runoff interaction. Statistical performance indicators were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model in simulating streamflows, and the results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 0.82–0.93, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) ranges from 0.68–0.86, percentage of bias (PBIAS) ranges from –9.45 to –1.85, standard deviation ratio (RSR) ranges from 0.35 to 0.59 and index of agreement (IA) ranges from 0.62 to 0.84. The available surface water for abstraction is estimated to be 358 million cubic meters (MCM) available as lake water abstraction, and 6,534 MCM as streamflow water, making it a total surface water flow of 6,892 MCM. Considering the temporal distribution of the surface water sources, 67.5% is available in the rainy season, June–October, and 32.5% during the dry period, November–May, in the basin.

WATER SECURITY IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: POST-SOVIET CHALLENGES AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS

The article describes the features of the use of water resources of the Kyrgyz Republic after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Water security, stocks and potential of water resources are considered. At the same time, examples show the importance of water resources in the economy and politics of the Kyrgyz Republic, relations with the states of Central Asia. An analysis of tensions with neighboring countries on water resources was carried out. The importance, benefits and potential problems of the CASA-1000 project are also analyzed. The article describes the legal regulation of water resources in the Kyrgyz Republic, economic benefits and role in international relations.

Assessment of the Current State of Water Resources and the Volume of Agricultural Waste Water in the Novoanninsky District of the Volgograd Region

An analysis of the current state of the water fund of the Novoanninsky district of the Volgograd region has been carried out, and the environmental, socio-economic features of its economic use have been conducted. The current potential of water resources in the area has been identified, and conclusions have been drawn about the need to take appropriate measures to improve the condition and protect the resources from pollution.

In situ growth of ZIF-8 on nanofibrous membrane for long-term ultra-high flux coalescence separation of oil-in-water emulsion

The presence of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions poses a serious threat to the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems, contaminates potable water resources, and disrupts the structure of soil layers. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective and economically viable methods for removing emulsified oil droplets from water. The coalescence method has been proposed as an effective means of separating O/W emulsions. In this study, we developed an in situ growth strategy to decorate zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers for coalescence separation. The in situ growth process commenced with pretreatment to activate the PAN membrane, creating anchor sites for zinc ions, which was followed by immersion in precursors of ZIF-8 particles. The incorporation of ZIF-8 enhanced amphiphilicity, and roughness, and imparted a positive charge to the membrane, which was anticipated to effectively demulsify and coalesce oil droplets with a negative charge. The ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane obtained a separation ratio exceeding 99.9 % for surfactant-free emulsions and 97.1 % for surfactant-stabilized emulsions. It also demonstrated an ultra-high permeation flux of 21,177 L m−2 h−1 and 14,118 L m−2 h−1, respectively, in a long-term continuous separation process.

Hydrogeology of the small island: a case study of Pisang island, West Coast Regency, Lampung province

Pisang Island has an area of 1.5 km2. The issue on small islands pertains to the quality and quantity of water. This is related to an increasing population and growing water demand. This research aims to address the sustainability of water resources. Therefore, a hydrogeological concept is required to assess and predict potential water resources to maintain the quality and quantity of water. The methodology used in this research includes geological mapping, measurement of rock resistivity, hydrometeorological analysis, and water quality testing. The research indicates that the lithologies of Pisang Island calcareous gravelly sand, calcareous sandstone, and porous limestone. The aquifer system on Pisang Island is unconfined. The aquifer was spread throughout the island with varying thicknesses. The lithology of calcareous gravelly sand is found in the island’s northern part, with a thickness ranging from 15 to 90 m. Calcareous sandstone is located in fold slopes of 3 to 5 m thickness. Porous limestone is distributed across the island, with a 30–170 m thickness. Pisang Island has an annual rainfall of 3,101.93 mm/year, evapotranspiration of 2,017.91 mm/year, and infiltration of 511.23 mm/year. The groundwater flow pattern moves from high elevations in hilly areas to low elevations in coastal areas.

Comparative analysis of indices in capturing the onset and withdrawal of the South Asian Summer Monsoon

The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) exerts a profound influence on South Asia and the southern Tibetan Plateau. The timing of its onset and withdrawal significantly impacts regional rainfall, a critical water source for agriculture and the economy. Various SASM indices, employing different variables, have been employed to gauge monsoon onset and withdrawal, each demonstrating distinct characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of prominent SASM indices related to onset and withdrawal, revealing similar timing but varying magnitudes. Across nearly all indices, a consistent pattern emerges, indicating a trend towards earlier onset and delayed retreat during 1979–2018, marked by pronounced interdecadal variability, with a notable turning point around 1997. The earlier onset and later retreat are likely to enhance rainfall and potential water resources for South Asia and the Tibetan Plateau. Delving into the mechanisms revealed a delayed connection between the SASM onset to the large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies characterized by the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) in the preceding spring, but a simultaneous connection between SASM withdrawl and ONI in autumn. Current index definitions, relying on single or dual variables, may fall short in accurately depicting monsoon onset and withdrawal. To address this, we introduce a novel monsoon index derived from multiple large-scale circulation variables, offering improved trend capture and enhanced representation of interannual variability in SASM onset and withdrawal. This study advances our understanding of SASM indices and their correlation with monsoon rainfall, providing insights into the dynamics of SASM onset and withdrawal.

Impact of Waste Management on Surface Water and Soil Pollution on the Right Bank of the Congo River in the Brazzaville Agglomeration (Republic of Congo)

Situated on the right bank of the Pool Malébo, in the Congo River basin, the city of Brazzaville is rich in potential water resources. This resource is being polluted by human practices that are deteriorating the quality of the soil and, consequently, the quality of the water. The aim of this study is therefore to list the activities carried out by the population around watercourses in order to get an idea of how waste is managed and its impact on water and soil quality. The survey sample was selected on the basis of zones of influence located between 250 m and 750 m around watercourses. The survey form was drawn up using Sphinx Plus2-Edition Lexica-V5. The data from the surveys was entered into the same software, then transferred to Excel for processing in order to produce the graphs. 880 people were surveyed, the most dominant age group being between 25 and 48 years old, i.e. a rate of 66%; the female sex being the most representative with a rate of 54%. The average age of the respondents was lower secondary school, and they were generally employed in the private sector. Commercial activities (restaurants/bars, pharmacies, grocery stores/butchers, markets, etc.) are the most common economic activity, with a rate of around 70%; 59% of these activities are located close to or very close to the watercourse (750 - 1000 m). The activities that contribute to soil degradation, and consequently water degradation, in the city of Brazzaville are: 59% the dumping of household waste and/or wastewater on the ground and 32% uncontrolled urbanization. The study shows that soil and water pollution in Brazzaville is caused by poor management of household waste and uncontrolled urbanization.

Impact of climate change on water resource potential and sediment yield of the Gibe III watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia

Abstract The impact of climate change on the water resource potential of the Gibe III watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia, was investigated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and selected climate models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for future projection. Because the Omo-Gibe Basin in general and the Gibe III watershed in particular was the source of hydropower generation, more work toward updating knowledge of climate change impact on it is required so as to manage the sustained use of the water resource and prevent sedimentation of the reservoir. High-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) datasets of some general circulation models (GCMs) such as GFDL-ESM2M, MPI-ESM-MR, CSIRO-MK3-6-0, NorESM1-M, and MIROC5 were downloaded for six stations. After calibrating and validating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the impact of climate change was simulated. Accordingly, the annual precipitation was expected to increase by 8.4 and 21.1% during 2050 and 2080, respectively; mean temperature was projected to increase by 1.85 and 2.8 °C in 2050 and 2080, respectively; the stream flow was expected to increase by 55.5 and 81% by 2050 and 2080, respectively, from the base period (1990–2017). The scenario of mean annual sediment yield would increase by 64.5 and 138% by 2050 and 2080, respectively. Therefore, actions toward reducing excess runoff production in the catchment and timely removal of sediment from the reservoir are required.

STRATEGI PENANGANAN AIR TERPRODUKSI DI INDUSTRI MINYAK DAN GAS DI LAPANGAN SPR LANGGAK MFK BLOK KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

Oil and gas exploration, also known as hydrocarbon exploration, is a process that encompasses many different fields and requires learning about the geological conditions from geophysicists or other geoscientists as well as petroleum professionals in order to locate hydrocarbon reserves such as oil and gas. Mud, gas (H2S, CO2, and CO), and generated water are among the by products of oil and gas exploration. Produced water is one of the potential water resources that could be used by the community for daily needs due to the oil and gas industry's extensive production of it. However, at the moment, produced water is still viewed as industrial waste because it contains dangerous chemicals and other components that are found in oil and gas, which makes it potentially harmful to humans and can pollute the environment. Laboratory tests' findings demonstrate that the produced water samples' results have complied with the established standards for quality

Transboundary waters and their impact on the socio–economic development of the border areas of the Batken region of Kyrgyzstan with Uzbekistan (using the example of the Kadamzhai district)

The study examines the border rivers, which is one of the main features and prerequisites for the integration of the efforts of the Central Asian countries as the basis for the ecologically balanced use of water and land resources in the region. For the countries of the region, the problem of water use in the basins of transboundary rivers has much in common, however, there are differences due to the climatic, economic, economic, and political conditions of each country. Environmental security and the economy of the Central Asian countries are closely linked to the nature of the use of water resources and coordinated actions for the joint management of transboundary rivers. A noticeable decrease in their water resource potential as a result of the increasing struggle for water, pollution of water sources are considered as serious obstacles to the sustainable development of the region.

Water availibility of Karo Lake, Obi Island, South Halmahera

Lake Karo is one of the largest water sources on Obi Island. Obi Island has a large potential for water resources that can be used optimally by the local communities. This hydrological analysis purposed to calculate the water availability in Karo Lake. Water availability is the amount of water that is estimated to continue to exist in a location with a certain amount and within a certain period of time. Water availability is calculated by dependable discharge using the Mock method. The basis for the calculation of the Mock method is to calculate the rain that falls on the water catchment area, some will be lost as evapotranspiration, some will immediately become surface runoff and some will absorb into the ground (infiltration). The analysis used climate data, topography, and the area of the water catchment area in the watershed. In order to obtain an accurate dependable discharge calculation, it is necessary to have long-term rainfall monitoring data. The data used in the calculation of the Mock method is monthly rainfall data for the last 20 years from Rainfall Station data around the study location. The results of Digital Elevation Model data processing, the catchment area in the Lake Karo watershed is 65.11 km2. Based on the results of calculations using Mock method, the water availability in Lake Karo is always available year-round with a dependable discharge of Q80 is 1.8 m3/second. The water availability can be used for any purpose of the local communities.

Investigating the impact of technical, economic and social behavioral saving strategies on domestic water-saving consumption patterns in Shiraz

The increasing demand for potable water resources worldwide due to population growth, drought, and unpredictable weather patterns resulting from climate change has led to a significant water crisis. To address this issue, it is essential to analyze domestic water consumption patterns and implement practical guidelines for water conservation programs in sustainable development.This study investigated the technical and social behavioral saving strategies affecting domestic water consumption patterns in a random survey of 100 householders in Shiraz City, Iran. The aim was to determine the public viewpoint and hindrances of water conservation methods. Technical questions in the questionnaire were related to water usage facilities and equipment, while social questions were related to people's attitudes, awareness, and hindrances toward water conservation. Three categories are used to cluster water-saving behavioral patterns i.e., curtailment, economic, and efficiency characteristics. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques, including Simple Additive Weighted (SAW) and Analytic Hierarchy Processes (AHP), were used for the analysis of the comprehensive questionnaire data.Based on the results, people seem to prioritize Social-Curtailment characteristics that align with their habits and culture, as well as Technical-Curtailment characteristics that involve high water consumption, low cost, and easy implementation. To effectively communicate the proposed technical-economic factors of low cost, low consumption, and medium implementation, they can be conveyed to the public through carefully chosen socio-curtailment indicators.

Current research priorities on fog harvesting as a clean water resource: A bibliometric approach

By 2050, more than 50% of the world’s population will face water stress. Global demand for drinking water will also increase due to economic development, population growth and other needs. To alleviate this growing problem, the scientific community is called upon to explore all potential water resources and develop appropriate technologies. One such promising resource is fog, especially when climatic conditions are favorable and nearby conventional resources are insufficient. The present bibliometric study is an attempt to explore the topic of “fog harvesting” and understand the dynamics in this area. Indeed, three significant directions have been identified: 1- materials, their properties and characteristics; 2- biological mimicry to collect fog; 3- interaction with other nearby issues (energy, solar, desalination, etc.). In summary, “fog harvesting” is a relatively premature but promising area of research. Due to the strong dependence on climate and topography, this area is still hesitant in terms of collaboration. This may be a good avenue to explore.

Identification of Water Resource Potential Zones of Baghmundi Block in Purulia District, West Bengal

Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been broadly used to determine the water resource potentiality for the development and management of water resources. It is an important natural resource in our daily life and is used for domestic purposes. It’s amount varies from place to place and season to season. It is scarce during the dry season, but in the rainy season, it is plenty. Assessment of water resource potentiality is very important for the management of surface/groundwater resources. Water resource potential zones are delineated with the help of RS & GIS. In this paper, standard methodology has been used to delineate the water resource potential zones using Rs & GIS techniques. Different parameters have been considered for identifying the water resource such as drainage frequency, drainage density, geology, groundwater level, slope, soil, surface water bodies, and land use/land cover have been generated satellite data and Survey of India (SoI) toposheet of a scale 1:50,000. Suitable ranks are assigned to these parameters. Various thematic maps of each parameter have been prepared by using the 'Ordered Weighted Averaging' technique. Finally, the composite map is generated by assigning all the parameters to demarcate the water resource potential zones. The study area has been classified into five categories: very poor, poor, moderate, good and excellent. This suggested methodology has been used to achieve the goal of the objective of the study area. This paper will be helpful for the identification of suitable locations for agriculture and domestic use of surface and underground water resources.

Studi Perencanaan Irigasi DAS Malaya di Kecamatan Lemong Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Provinsi Lampung Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

Pesisir Barat Regency has large land potential in agriculture sector, especially for rice cultivation, including in the administrative area of Lemong District. To increase the productivity of paddy fields at Lemong District, it is necessary to analyze the irrigation water needs. Therefore, research was carried out on the analysis of rice irrigation water needs and the river water discharge needed for irrigation. The research was carried out in analysis stages including analysis of water balance using SWAT models which is integrated in the geographic information system, analysis of plant water needs, analysis of water irrigation needs, minimum discharge needed for land irrigation and analysis of water resource adequacy. The research result show that the potential water resource in Lemong District can meet the irrigation water needs of rice cultivation in two planting seasons with coverrage area that can be developed of 76.42 hectares. Meanwhile, in the third planting season for planting of secondary crops, the potential of river discharge is only sufficient for 19 hectares and in order for the target planting area of 76.42 hectares to be archieved it is necessery to add irrigation originating from ground water (pump irrigation) with discharge of 0.51 m3/sec. Keywords: Geographic information system, Irrigation, SWAT.

PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TERPADU BERBASIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS UTARA

North Musi Rawas Regency is a new district that has a wealth of natural resources, one of which is water resources. However, the use of water resources is not maximized and not properly inventoried, especially in disaster activities such as floods and forest fires. This is because the condition of the area is difficult to reach, making it difficult for local governments to map the situation and potential of water resources. The increasing development of science and technology requires local governments to have special data collection systems for natural disaster situations and water resources, especially those that can be accessed by the public. The aim of this research is to identify natural disaster situations and water resource potential based on field data taken and provide information regarding natural disaster data (floods and forest fires) and water resource potential that can be accessed by the government and the public. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a general overview of information regarding natural disaster situations and water resource potential in North Musi Rawas Regency so that it can become a work reference and decision/policy making for the Government/relevant agencies in disaster emergency response preparedness efforts and the development of sustainable water resource potential development. . The research location is North Musi Rawas Regency. The research method is a field survey. The survey carried out was to collect data and coordinate points for floods and forest fires as well as potential water resources. Next, hydrological system identification and data inventory will be carried out. Then the data was analyzed using a GIS application. The map contains information on disaster point data (floods and forest fires), water facilities and infrastructure as well as water resource potential as part of public information.