Potential Use In Biomedical Applications Research Articles

Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Its Emulsion on Biofilm-Associated Components of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains.

Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most dangerous pathogens, is able to form biofilm structures and aggravate its treatment. For that reason, new antibiofilm agents are in need, and new sources of antibiofilm compounds are being sought from plants and their products. Cinnamon essential oil is associated with a wide spectrum of biological activities, but with a further improvement of its physicochemical properties it could provide even better bioavailability. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the antibiofilm properties of cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion. In order to evaluate the antibiofilm activity, crystal violet assay was performed to determine biofilm biomass. The main components of the biofilm matrix were measured as well as the motile capacity of the tested strains. Gene expression was monitored with RT-qPCR, while treated biofilms were observed with Raman spectroscopy. A particularly strong potential against pre-formed biofilm with a decreased biomass of up to 66% was found. The effect was monitored not only with regard to the whole biofilm biomass, but also on the individual components of the biofilm matrix such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA molecules. Protein share drops in treated biofilms demonstrated the most consistency among strains and rose to 75%. The changes in strain motility and gene expressions were investigated after the treatments were carried out. Raman spectroscopy revealed the influence of the studied compounds on chemical bond types and the components present in the biofilm matrix of the tested strains. The results obtained from this research are promising regarding cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion as potential antibiofilm agents, so further investigation of their activity is encouraged for their potential use in biomedical applications.

Hybrid Hydrogel Supplemented with Algal Polysaccharide for Potential Use in Biomedical Applications.

Hydrogels are a viable option for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to incorporate various healing agents while maintaining their biological efficacy. This study focused on the preparation and characterization of novel hybrid hydrogels enriched with the natural algae compound Ulvan for potential use in wound dressings. The characterization of the hydrogel membranes involved multiple methods to assess their structural, mechanical, and chemical properties, such as pH measurements, swelling, moisture content and uptake, gel fraction, hydrolytic degradation, protein adsorption and denaturation tests, rheological measurements, SEM, biocompatibility testing, and scratch wound assay. The hydrogel obtained with a higher concentration of Ulvan (1 mg/mL) exhibited superior mechanical properties, a swelling index of 264%, a water content of 55%, and a lower degradation percentage. In terms of rheological properties, the inclusion of ULV in the hydrogel composition enhanced gel strength, and the Alginate + PVA + 1.0ULV sample demonstrated the greatest resistance to deformation. All hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility, with cell viability above 70% and no obvious morphological modifications. The addition of Ulvan potentiates the regenerative effect of hydrogel membranes. Subsequent studies will focus on encapsulating bioactive compounds, investigating their release behavior, and evaluating their active biological effects.

Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with Doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal–organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms

The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 d at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliwere observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g. wound dressings, implants).

Plants-extracts mediated CuS nanoparticles: An effective antibacterial agent

Antibacterial activity of plant-mediated synthesized CuS nanoparticles against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram negative Pseudomonas putida is studied in this presented work. A facile hydrothermal approach was followed to synthesize spherical shaped CuS nanoparticles using flowers extract of Tagetes patula (S1), leaves extract of Azadirachta indica (S2), and bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (S3). Crystal phase identification, average crystallites size, surface morphology, absorbance spectra and energy band gap analyses of samples were further determined using XRD, SEM, and UV-DRS spectroscopy respectively. Furthermore, under irradiation of visible light, antibacterial activity of marigold flowers mediated (S1), neem leaves mediated (S2), and arjuna bark mediated (S3) CuS samples were studied. XRD data confirmed the marigold mediated CuS sample has relatively smaller crystallites size of 10.67 nm. The estimated band gap energies for respective S1, S2, and S3 samples are 174 eV, 175 eV, and 177 eV. The antibacterial analysis of S1 sample displays its excellent antibacterial activity with the formation of relatively large inhibition zones of 29 mm and 30 mm diameters, against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida respectively. The demonstrated antibacterial activity of biocompatible CuS nanoparticles suggests their potential use in biomedical applications.

Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic Lactide by Racemic Organo‐Catalyst at Room Temperature: Direct Access to Stereocomplex Polylactides

AbstractThe stereoregularity of poly(lactide) (PLA) plays a significant role in its physicochemical properties. In recent years, various metallic and nonmetallic catalysts have been developed. Organic catalysts, in particular, have garnered attention due to their potential use in biomedical applications, making them safer options. This study presents the design of a cost‐effective thiourea‐based racemic organocatalyst [(rac‐TU)Me] and its effective utilization in ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide. Using the catalyst and optimized base (N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylamine), ROP in dichloromethane achieved 98% monomer conversion and controlled molecular weights in 48 h. The polylactides obtained using this catalyst exhibited moderate tacticity, with a Pm value ranging from 0.71 to 0.78. The bulk structure of synthesized poly(lactic acid) (PLAs) is extensively studied using DSC, FTIR, and WAXS. The DSC analysis indicated stereoregular PLAs synthesized from rac‐lactide exhibited a higher melting transition than isotactic PLAs. Furthermore, the FTIR and WAXS studies revealed characteristic peaks and patterns typically associated with stereocomplex PLAs. These analytical results confirm the stereocomplex bulk structures of these PLAs synthesized using this organic catalyst [(rac‐TU)Me].

In Vivo Biocompatibility of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002-Integrated Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration.

Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, are prevalent in freshwater systems and have gained interest for their potential in medical applications, particularly in skin regeneration. Among these, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 stands out because of its rapid proliferation and capacity to be genetically modified to produce growth factors. This study investigates the safety of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 when used in scaffolds for skin regeneration, focusing on systemic inflammatory responses in a murine model. We evaluated the following three groups: scaffolds colonized with genetically engineered bacteria producing hyaluronic acid, scaffolds with wild-type bacteria, and control scaffolds without bacteria. After seven days, we assessed systemic inflammation by measuring changes in cytokine profiles and lymphatic organ sizes. The results showed no significant differences in spleen, thymus, and lymph node weights, indicating a lack of overt systemic toxicity. Blood cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in scaffolds with bacteria, suggesting a systemic inflammatory response, while TNF-α levels remained unaffected. Proteome profiling identified distinct cytokine patterns associated with bacterial colonization, including elevated inflammatory proteins and products, indicative of acute inflammation. Conversely, control scaffolds exhibited protein profiles suggestive of a rejection response, characterized by increased levels of cytokines involved in T and B cell activation. Our findings suggest that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 does not appear to cause significant systemic toxicity, supporting its potential use in biomedical applications. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects and clinical implications of these responses.

Evaluating the effects of pineapple fiber, potato waste filler, surface treatment, and fiber length on the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites for biomedical applications

This study investigates the development of a biocompatible polyethylene composite incorporating natural fiber (pineapple fiber) and potato waste filler for potential use in biomedical applications. The composite was fabricated using compression molding and optimized through Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA), TOPSIS, and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models. The hybrid combination of these materials has been minimally explored in the biomedical field. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the potato filler revealed a peak at 1336 cm⁻1, indicating asymmetric deformation of C-H and C-O functional groups, contributing to enhanced compatibility with the polyethylene matrix. The natural fiber showed uniform distribution, improving stress transfer and flexural properties. The ANN model demonstrated high accuracy, with an r-value of 0.9972. Multi-response optimization identified the best configuration as 3 % NaOH treatment, 3 wt% potato filler, 30 wt% natural fiber, and a fiber length of 1.5 cm, yielding a tensile strength of 22.3 MPa, flexural strength of 23.8 MPa, and impact strength of 18.3 kJ/m2. This fabricated composites were lightweight and biocompatible materials, suitable for biomedical applications.

Generation of photosynthetic biomaterials by loading electrospun fibres with the green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Hypoxic environments within tissues, characterised by low concentrations of oxygen, are a major limitation in certain biomedical applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Electrospun fibrous mats have demonstrated potential for use in these applications as they can absorb fluids and physically protect tissues, can be loaded with active compounds (i.e., antimicrobial or therapeutics) and have been shown to support cell migration, adhesive and proliferation. Here, we report electrospun fibrous mats which have been functionalised to overcome the limitations of hypoxia. Specifically, the successful incorporation of the photosynthetic green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii into electrospun fibrous mats based on polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and cellulose acetate is demonstrated for the first time. The exploration of various culture conditions found that maximal C. reinhardtii growth occurred under constant light exposure over 24 h at 26 °C. Once laden with C. reinhardtii, the monitoring of material health found that the biomaterials developed were photosynthetically active over a period of 7 days, and capable of generating high concentrations of oxygen to the local environment. Overall, the findings reported here present C. reinhardtii-laden electrospun mats as strong candidates for oxygen-generating materials for potential use in biomedical applications.

Synthesis of oleic acid – coated zinc – doped iron boride nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Although various iron-based magnetic materials have been extensively studied in biomedical field for many years, iron boride compounds with interesting chemical and magnetic properties are relatively less explored, and their potential applications are not as widely known. In this study, the synthesis, coating, surface modification, and cytotoxicity tests of the Fe–Zn–B system were presented. Iron boride-based nanoparticles (NPs) containing elemental zinc (Zn) were developed by using a direct chemical synthesis of FeCl3, ZnCl2 and NaBH4, and investigated for potential use in biomedical applications. Powders having the phases of pure FeB with small amount of elemental Zn were obtained with a uniform morphology and an average particle size of 68 nm. The NPs were then coated with oleic acid (OA) and surface modified with sodium tricitrate, to increase their stability and biocompatibility, and well-dispersed NPs were obtained with sizes below 30 nm. TEM investigations revealed the presence of hybrid clusters with nanoparticle – OA structures, indicating that FeB nanoparticles were stabilized by being embedded in OA clusters, forming both agglomerated sub-micron and free nano-sized structures. Obtained NPs showed ferromagnetic property, with a saturation magnetization of 25.9 emu/g and a low coercivity of 90 Oe. As a result of testing different types of healthy and cancer cell lines with NPs, Zn-doped-FeB@OA NPs exhibited a high biocompatibility. Results suggested that highly biocompatible and magnetic OA-coated Zn-doped FeB particles can be potential candidates for biomedical applications such as medical imaging or drug delivery systems.

Impact of hydrophobic modification on biocompatibility of Alaska pollock gelatin microparticles.

This study investigates the impact of hydrophobic modification on the immunogenicity, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response of Alaska pollock gelatin (ApGltn) microparticles (MPs). Gelatin, known for its inherent biocompatibility, was modified with decyl group (C10) to explore potential alterations in its interaction with the immune system. Immunogenicity was evaluated through the measurement of material-specific IgM and IgG responses, indicating no significant increase post-modification. Cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cell lines and NF-κB-mediated LPS-induced inflammation were also assessed, revealing no exacerbation by the modified MPs. Furthermore, C10 modification with different types of linkage such as secondary amine and amide structure did not influence immune reactivity. These findings suggest that C10 modification maintains the non-immunogenicity and biocompatibility of gelatin MPs, supporting their potential use in biomedical applications.

The influence of solution treatment on the phase evolution and tensile properties of binary Ti-Mo alloys

The influence of solution treatment on the phase evolution and tensile properties of Ti-Mo alloys was investigated to assess their potential use in biomedical applications. Phase formation and microstructural evolution were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties were characterized by means of tensile tests and bending strength. XRD analysis showed that solution treatment increased the volume fraction of ß phase and supressed the α" phase. The microstructures of the as-cast alloys consisted of ß equiaxed grains with sub-grain structures of different sizes, while the solution treated alloys comprised ß equiaxed grains only except for Ti-10.02Mo, which comprised needle-like a" structures. EBSD showed an increase in the volume fraction of the ω and α" phases in all the alloys after solution treatment. The elastic modulus and UTS of all the alloy significantly decreased after solution treatment, except for Ti-15.05Mo, whereas the elongation significantly increased. The fracture surfaces of all the alloys after solution treatment indicated more ductile behaviour than brittle.

Study of the Morphological and Surface Properties of Silica Dioxide Nanoparticles for Their Potential Use in Biomedical Applications

Study of the Morphological and Surface Properties of Silica Dioxide Nanoparticles for Their Potential Use in Biomedical Applications

Biocompatible Janus microparticle synthesis in a microfluidic device.

Janus particles are popular in recent years due to their anisotropic physical and chemical properties. Even though there are several established synthesis methods for Janus particles, microfluidics-based methods are convenient and reliable due to low reagent consumption, monodispersity of the resultant particles and efficient control over reaction conditions. In this work a simple droplet-based microfluidic technique is utilized to synthesize magnetically anisotropic TiO2-Fe2O3 Janus microparticles. Two droplets containing reagents for Janus particle were merged by using an asymmetric device such that the resulting droplet contained the constituents within its two hemispheres distinct from each other. The synthesized Janus particles were observed under the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Moreover, a detailed in vitro characterization of these particles was completed, and it was shown that these particles have a potential use for biomedical applications.

Molecular dynamics simulations suggest the potential toxicity of fluorinated graphene to HP35 protein via unfolding the α-helix structure

Fluorinated graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial composed of three atomic layers, a central carbon layer sandwiched between two layers of fluorine atoms, has attracted considerable attention across various fields, particularly for its potential use in biomedical applications. Nonetheless, scant effort has been devoted to assessing the potential toxicological implications of this nanomaterial. In this study, we scrutinize the potential impact of fluorinated graphene on a protein model, HP35 by utilizing extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Our MD results elucidate that upon adsorption to the nanomaterial, HP35 undergoes a denaturation process initiated by the unraveling of the second helix of the protein and the loss of the proteins hydrophobic core. In detail, substantial alterations in various structural features of HP35 ensue, including alterations in hydrogen bonding, Q value, and RMSD. Subsequent analyses underscore that hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions (predominant), alongside electrostatic energy (subordinate), exert influence over the adsorption of HP35 on the fluorinated graphene surface. Mechanistic scrutiny attests that the unrestrained lateral mobility of HP35 on the fluorinated graphene nanomaterial primarily causes the exposure of HP35's hydrophobic core, resulting in the eventual structural denaturation of HP35. A trend in the features of 2D nanostructures is proposed that may facilitate the denaturation process. Our findings not only substantiate the potential toxicity of fluorinated graphene but also unveil the underlying molecular mechanism, which thereby holds significance for the prospective utilization of such nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine.

Bioactive Properties of Venoms Isolated from Whiptail Stingrays and the Search for Molecular Mechanisms and Targets.

The venom-containing barb attached to their 'whip-like' tail provides stingrays a defensive mechanism for evading predators such as sharks. From human encounters, dermal stingray envenomation is characterized by intense pain often followed by tissue necrosis occurring over several days to weeks. The bioactive components in stingray venoms (SRVs) and their molecular targets and mechanisms that mediate these complex responses are not well understood. Given the utility of venom-derived proteins from other venomous species for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, we set out to characterize the bioactivity of SRV extracts from three local species that belong to the Dasyatoidea 'whiptail' superfamily. Multiple cell-based assays were used to quantify and compare the in vitro effects of these SRVs on different cell lines. All three SRVs demonstrated concentration-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on three different human cell lines tested. In contrast, a mouse fibrosarcoma cell line was markedly resistant to all three SRVs, indicating the molecular target(s) for mediating the SRV effects are not expressed on these cells. The multifunctional SRV responses were characterized by an acute disruption of cell adhesion leading to apoptosis. These findings aim to guide future investigations of individual SRV proteins and their molecular targets for potential use in biomedical applications.

Facile Synthesis of Novel Ti2C Nano Bipyramids for Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer.

Photo-responsive synergetic therapeutics achieved significant attraction in cancer theranostic due to the versatile characteristics of nanomaterials. There have been substantial efforts in developing the simplest nano-design with exceptional synergistic properties and multifunctionalities. In this work, biocompatible Ti2C MXene nano bipyramids (MNBPs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method with dual functionalities of photothermal and photodynamic therapies. The MNBPs shape was obtained from two-dimensional (2D) Ti2C nanosheets by controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture. The structure of these Ti2C MNBPs was characterized by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The Ti2C NBPs have shown exceptional photothermal properties with increased temperature to 72.3 °C under 808 nm laser irradiation. The designed nano bipyramids demonstrated excellent cellular uptake and biocompatibility. The Ti2C NBP has established a remarkable photothermal therapy (PTT) effect against 4T1 breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ti2C NBPs showed a profound response to UV light (6 mW/cm2) and produced reactive oxygen species, making them useful for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These in-vitro studies pave a new path to tune the properties of photo-responsive MXene nanosheets, indicating a potential use in biomedical applications.

Biodegradable Conductive Layers Based on a Biopolymer Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polyhydroxyvalerate and Graphene Nanoplatelets Deposited by Spray-Coating Technique

In light of the growing concern for environmental protection and the alarming amount of waste produced due to hygiene regulations, this study suggests a biodegradable and eco-friendly solution that could make a significant contribution to the preservation of our planet. The developed solution was based on a polyhydroxybutyrate/polyhydroxyvalerate biopolymer, which has been tested regarding its physicochemical parameters and possible use in printed electrically conductive structures. Graphene nanoplatelets have been used as the conductive functional phase, due to literature reports of their potential use in biomedical applications and due to the potential of providing cytocompatibility in electrical structures by carbon nanomaterials. Prepared composites have been spray-coated onto PET film and paper substrates and then subjected to electrical, adhesion and optical measurements. In order to establish the conductivity of the developed composite, its resistance, layer thickness and surface topography were measured. Optical parameters have been specified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and spectrophotometry. The conducted research opens a wide path for the use of the polyhydroxybutyrate/polyhydroxyvalerate biopolymer with graphene nanoplatelets in biomedical applications, ensuring good conductivity, biocompatibility and stability.

Catalytically Propelled Micro‐ and Nanoswimmers

The last decade has seen a surge of interest in the field of catalytically propelled micro‐ and nanoswimmers for their potential use in biomedical applications, such as biosensing, biopsy, targeted drug delivery, and on‐the‐fly chemistry. However, to fully utilize these devices, precise control over their motion is essential. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly understand their locomotion mechanisms. Herein, the currently accepted mechanisms for propulsion are discussed, which are self‐electrophoresis, self‐diffusiophoresis, and bubble recoil. Additionally, the concept of using multilocomotive mechanisms as a solution to achieve fully autonomous navigation is explored. Moreover, recent advances in the design of these devices are explored.

Magnetic core/shell structures: A case study on the synthesis and phototoxicity/cytotoxicity tests of multilayer graphene encapsulated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles

This study reports on a novel and optimized synthesis procedure of multilayer graphene (MLG) encapsulated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles using a combined method of spray drying, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and leaching from FeCl3.6 H2O based precursor, in addition to phototoxicity/cytotoxicity tests for their potential use in biomedical applications. CVD studies were employed at various temperature/time and gas flow rate values. Based on the X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (TEM/EDS) and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), CVD parameters of 900 °C, 60 min, 50 mbar and CH4/H2:1/1 were determined as optimum conditions. MLG encapsulated (d-spacing: 0.34 nm) nanoparticles consisting BCC Fe, FCC (Fe, C) and orthorhombic Fe3C phases were obtained with average core diameter of ∼45 nm and average shell thickness of ∼6 nm (8–50 layers). MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles were achieved with soft ferromagnetic (Ms: ∼64 emu/g; Hc: ∼276 Oe) property. MLG coated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles were suspended in an aqueous media using poly/acrylic acid as a post-synthetic treatment. They were found cytocompatible even at 200 µg/mL and 75 µg/mL after 24 and 48 h exposure, respectively. Dose dependent cytotoxicity was studied on both MCF7 and HeLa cells after 72 h incubation. Light-to-heat conversion efficiency of these nanoparticles at 795 nm irradiation in water was calculated as 37.60 %. After laser irradiation, with an increased concentration of nanoparticles (75–200 µg/mL), more than 80 % cell death was observed on both MCF7 and HeLa cells lines via late apoptotic cell death as a result of photothermal effect.

Synergistic Antibiofilm Effects of Exopolymers Produced by the Marine, Thermotolerant Bacillus licheniformis B3-15 and Their Potential Medical Applications

The exopolysaccharide (EPS B3-15) and biosurfactant (BS B3-15), produced by the marine Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, were recently reported to possess different antibiofilm activities, with the EPS being more active in preventing the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and the BS in destroying their preformed biofilms on different surfaces. In this study, the synergistic effects of the two exopolymers on the bacterial adhesion and biofilm disruption of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were evaluated on polystyrene, a medical polyvinyl chloride (PVC) device, and contact lenses (CLs) in order to address their potential use in biomedical applications. To this purpose, EPS B3-15 and BS B3-15 were equally combined (1:1 w/w), and the mixture (BPS B3-15) was added at different concentrations (from 50 to 300 µg mL−1) and at different times of bacterial development. Compared to each polymer, the BPS B3-15 (300 µg mL−1) more efficiently reduced the adhesion of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on polystyrene (65 and 58%, respectively), PVC devices (62 and 42%, respectively), and CLs (39 and 35%, respectively), also in combination with a CLs care solution (88 and 39%, respectively). Furthermore, BPS B3-15 was able to disrupt mature biofilms, acting more effectively against S. aureus (72%) than P. aeruginosa (6%). The combination of exopolymers at low concentrations exhibited synergistic effects to prevent and eradicate biofilms.