Potential Role Of Probiotics Research Articles

The Potential Role of Probiotics, Especially Butyrate Producers, in the Management of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Induced by Oncologic Chemo-Radiotherapy.

Many clinical studies have now highlighted how the composition of the intestinal microbiota can regulate the effects of many oncological therapies. In particular, the modulation of microbial composition has been shown to enhance their efficacy and reduce potential side effects. Numerous adverse events induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy appear to be strongly associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota caused by these treatments. This supports the hypothesis that the modulation or correction of the microbiota may decrease the toxic impact of therapies, improving patient compliance and quality of life. Among the most debilitating disorders related to oncological treatments is certainly mucositis, and recent clinical data highlight how the deficiency of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, and specifically the lack of certain bacterial groups responsible for its production (butyrate producers), is strongly associated with this disorder. It is hypothesized that restoring these elements may influence the onset and severity of adverse events. Therefore, the intake of probiotics, especially butyrate producers, and specifically Clostridium butyricum (CBM588), currently the only cultivable and usable strain with a history of data proving its safety, could be a valuable ally in oncological therapies, reducing the associated discomfort and improving compliance, efficacy, and quality of life for patients.

A Narrative Review of the Tale of the Dysbiotic Microbiome in the Preterm Neonate

Background: Researchers have established that the preterm neonate is born with an immature gastrointestinal tract. The preterm neonate is thus susceptible to various complications often seen in the neonatal intensive care unit, e.g., feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. These complications can be life-threatening, and if survived, can have an unfavorable effect on the neonate’s growth and development. Aim: The aims of this narrative review article were to provide an in-depth understanding of the various factors contributing to the development of the preterm neonatal microbiome. Further, we reviewed gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis and its potential role in the development of feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Lastly, we described the potential role of probiotics in this vulnerable population. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted identifying articles that describe the development and function of the neonatal microbiome, the role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and the development of neonatal complications as well as the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Results: Various maternal, neonatal, and environmental factors play a role in the development of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in the preterm neonate. This can lead to feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Discussion: The pathogenesis of the development of short-term complications in the preterm neonate can be linked to the immaturity of the host immune system as well as alterations seen in the intestinal microbiome. There is a growing body of evidence that probiotics can play a role in preventing dysbiosis and thus complications observed in the preterm neonate. However, the optimal combination of probiotic strains and dosage still needs to be identified.

The Impact of Maternal Probiotics on Intestinal Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Early Life.

Vitamin D signaling via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) has been shown to protect against intestinal inflammation. Previous studies have also reported the mutual interactions of intestinal VDR and the microbiome, indicating a potential role of probiotics in modulating VDR expression. In preterm infants, although probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), they are not currently recommended by the FDA due to potential risks in this population. No previous studies have delved into the effect of maternally administered probiotics on intestinal VDR expression in early life. Using an infancy mouse model, we found that young mice exposed to maternally administered probiotics (SPF/LB) maintained higher colonic VDR expression than our unexposed mice (SPF) in the face of a systemic inflammatory stimulus. These findings indicate a potential role for microbiome-modulating therapies in preventing diseases such as NEC through the enhancement of VDR signaling.

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Neuroprotection, What Is New? An Up-To-Date Systematic Review.

In recent years, the potential role of probiotics has become prominent in the discoveries of neurotherapy against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exhibit neuroprotective properties and exert their effects via various mechanisms of actions. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of LAB on neuroprotection reported in the literature. A database search on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct revealed a total of 467 references, of which 25 were included in this review based on inclusion criteria which comprises 7 in vitro, 16 in vivo, and 2 clinical studies. From the studies, LAB treatment alone or in probiotics formulations demonstrated significant neuroprotective activities. In animals and humans, LAB probiotics supplementation has improved memory and cognitive performance mainly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Despite promising findings, due to limited studies available in the literature, further studies still need to be explored regarding synergistic effects, efficacy, and optimum dosage of LAB oral bacteriotherapy as treatment or prevention against neurodegenerative diseases.

The Potential Role of Probiotics in the Management of COVID-19

Abstract: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing global pandemic that causes catastrophic devastation to humankind. COVID-19 virus mainly affects the human respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Currently, vaccines are available globally and are a game-changer in the fight against COVID- 19. However, it has a long way to go to achieve the war against COVID-19 as it will take some more years to completely vaccinate the people, and there are threats and concerns of COVID-19 due to the high mutagenicity rate of the virus. The current methods of treatment involve the use of antiviral drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs but without much success. To date, there is no established prevention or treatment method for this novel virus. The best preventive strategy to combat this disease is to keep the immune system strong. Evidence showed a correlation between gut dysbiosis, COVID-19, and immunomodulation. Since time immemorial, probiotics have improved general health and immunity to various diseases. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria when administered in the right doses conferring a health benefit to the host. Various scientific evidence has proved the therapeutic and protective effects of probiotics against respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. This review aims to outline the potential role of probiotics in fighting COVID-19 by highlighting the recent evidence on the association between dysbiosis, COVID-19, and probiotics and outlining the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics. This review highlight the association between gut and lung in the gut-lung axis. Furthermore, this review also provides an insight into the indirect evidence of the potential protective role of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms.

Enlisting Probiotics to Combat Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women-A Military Strategy for Meeting the Challenge.

For decades, the potential role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections has been extensively studied. However, achieving an effective problem-solving strategy has thus far proven elusive. Perhaps adopting a military paradigm might expedite our assault on chronic, recurring bacteriuria in women. What is needed is a targeted strategy with specific attention to (1) the enemy: the case-specific uropathogen; (2) the battlefield: the extraordinarily complex interplay of factors within the bladder, unique to a given patient, which interface with profoundly important influences from the gut biome, as well as the vaginal biota; (3) the weapon: an antimicrobial probiotic with demonstrated activity against that specific uropathogen; (4) a new strategy: taking these complexities into account, we posit a key role for the instillation of case-specific lactobacilli directly into the bladder of the designated patient. This newly proposed, targeted intervention might be termed "Probiotic Intravesical Organic Therapy-PIVOT"; and (5) the long campaign: reaching clinically proven success may entail a long campaign. However, already, on many fronts, the elements necessary for victory recently seem to be falling into place.

A Reciprocal Link between Oral, Gut Microbiota during Periodontitis: The Potential Role of Probiotics in Reducing Dysbiosis-Induced Inflammation

Human body is colonized by a florid microbial community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, helminths, and viruses, known as microbiota, which co-evolves with the host and influences its health through all stages of its life. It is well known that oral microorganisms form highly structurally and functionally organized multi-species biofilms and establish a network of complex mutual inter-species interactions having a primary function in synergy, signaling, or antagonism. This ecological model allows the microorganisms to increase their resistance to antimicrobial agents and settle a balanced microbes-host symbiotic relationship that ensures oral and global health status in humans. The host-associated microbiome is an important factor in human health and disease. Therefore, to develop novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies, microbiome's functions and the reciprocal interactions every microbiome entertains with other microbial communities in the human body are being investigated. This review provides an analysis of the literature about the close connection between the two largest microbial communities in humans: the oral and the gut microbiomes. Furthermore, it focuses on how the alteration of their microbial and functional characteristics can lead to and reciprocally influence the onset of both oral and intestinal microbiome-associated illness, along with the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating inflammation and microbial dysbiosis.

Review: Potential role of probiotics in health and productivity of milch animals and milk composition

Review: Potential role of probiotics in health and productivity of milch animals and milk composition

Probiotics Function in Preventing Atopic Dermatitis in Children.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by relapsing eczematous injuries and severe pruritus. In the last few years, the AD prevalence has been increasing, reaching 20% in children and 10% in adults in high-income countries. Recently, the potential role of probiotics in AD prevention has generated considerable interest. As many clinical studies show, the gut microbiota is able to modulate systemic inflammatory and immune responses influencing the development of sensitization and allergy. Probiotics are used increasingly against AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotics mediated anti-allergic effect remain unclear and there is controversy about their efficacy. In this narrative review, we examine the actual evidence on the effect of probiotic supplementation for AD prevention in the pediatric population, discussing also the potential biological mechanisms of action in this regard.

Potential role of probiotics in the management of COVID-19

Abstract: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing global pandemic that causes catastrophic devastation to humankind. COVID-19 virus mainly affects the human respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.Currently,vaccines are available globally and it is a game-changer in the fight against COVID-19. However, it has a long way to go to achieve the war against COVID-19 as it will take some more years to completely vaccinate the people and there are threats and concerns of COVID-19 due to the high mutagenicity rate of the virus. The current methods of treatment involve the use of antiviral drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs but without much success. To date, there is no established prevention or treatment method for this novel virus. The best preventive strategy to combat this disease is to keep the immune system strong. Evidence showed that there is a correlation between the dysbiosis of the gut, COVID-19, and immunomodulation. Since time immemorial probiotic has been used to improve general health and immunity to various diseases. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria when administered in the right doses conferring a health benefit to the host. Various scientific evidence has proved beyond doubt, the therapeutic and protective effects of probiotics against respiratory and gastrointestinal related diseases. This review aims to outline the potential role of probiotics in fighting COVID-19 by highlighting the recent evidence on the association amongst dysbiosis, COVID-19, and probiotics and outlining the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics.This review highlight the association between gut and lung in the gut-lung axis. Furthermore, this review also provides an insight into the indirect evidence of the potential protective role of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms.

Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Drug-Food Interactions: Implications for Clinical Practice and Potential Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics.

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are a therapeutic option to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In fact, NOACs have become the recommended choice by international clinical practice guidelines over vitamin K antagonists (VKA), because of their efficacy and safety profile, especially in newly initiated patients. The more predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of this family of drugs allows preventing anticoagulation drug monitoring. Furthermore, NOACs have significantly fewer drug and food interactions in comparison with VKAs. Despite this, there are no studies that compare the effects on the quality of anticoagulation of NOACs with the intake of potential interactions drugs of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 (CYP). This review brings an overview of NOACs pharmacokinetics profile and their potential drug-food interactions. We also briefly discuss the potential role of prebiotics and probiotics in patients under therapy with NOACs.

The potential role of probiotics to adhere with caco-2 cells and control the antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens adhesion in vitro

The potential role of probiotics to adhere with caco-2 cells and control the antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens adhesion in vitro

Potential Role of Probiotics in Ameliorating Psoriasis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease that may be treated with probiotics. In this study, probiotic strains that could or could not decrease interleukin (IL)-17 levels were applied to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice via oral administration. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM667, B. breve CCFM1078, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1074, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1132 ameliorated psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and suppressed the release of IL-23/T helper cell 17 (Th17) axis-related inflammatory cytokines, whereas B. animalis CCFM1148, L. paracasei CCFM1147, and L. reuteri CCFM1040 neither alleviated the pathological characteristics nor reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. All effective strains increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids, which were negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the diversity of gut microbiota in psoriasis-like mice was found to decrease, but all effective strains made some specific changes to the composition of gut microbiota compared to the ineffective strains. Furthermore, except for B. breve CCFM1078, all other effective strains decreased the abundance of the family Rikenellaceae, which was positively correlated with psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and was negatively correlated with propionate levels. These findings demonstrated effects of strain-specificity, and how probiotics ameliorated psoriasis and provide new possibilities for the treatment of psoriasis.

Microbiota and Tuberculosis: A Potential Role of Probiotics, and Postbiotics

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis attacking the lungs and other organs, is one of the most common infectious disease worldwide. According to the WHO's 2020 report, a quarter of the world's population were infected with M. tuberculosis, and ~1.4 million people died of TB. Therefore, TB is a significant public health concern, which requires cost-effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The microbiota has been considered as a “forgotten organ” and a complex dynamic ecosystem, which plays a significant role in many physiological processes, and its dysbiosis is closely associated with infectious disease. Recently, a few studies have indicated associations between TB and microbiota. This review summarizes studies concerning the alterations of the gut and respiratory microbiota in TB, and their relationship with host susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, indicating that microbiota signatures in different stages in TB progression could be considered as biomarkers for TB diagnosis and control. In addition, the potential role of probiotics and postbiotics in TB treatment was discussed.

The Potential Role of Probiotics in Protection against Influenza a Virus Infection in Mice.

Influenza A virus induces severe respiratory tract infection and results in a serious global health problem. Influenza infection disturbs the cross-talk connection between lung and gut. Probiotic treatment can inhibit influenza virus infection; however, the mechanism remains to be explored. The mice received Lactobacillus mucosae 1025, Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1026, and their mixture MIX for 19 days. Effects of probiotics on clinical symptoms, immune responses, and gut microbial alteration were evaluated. L. mucosae 1025 and MIX significantly reduced the loss of body weight, pathological symptoms, and viral loading. B. breve CCFM1026 significantly reduced the proportion of neutrophils and increased lymphocytes, the expressions of TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, and TNF-α to restore the immune disorders. MIX increased the antiviral protein MxA expression, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Mucispirillum, Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, and further regulated SCFA metabolism resulting in an enhancement of butyrate. The correlation analysis revealed that the butyrate was positively related to MxA expression (p < 0.001) but was negatively related to viral loading (p < 0.05). The results implied the possible antiviral mechanisms that MIX decreased viral loading and increased the antiviral protein MxA expression, which was closely associated with the increased butyrate production resulting from gut microbial alteration.

Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbials) in Poultry Nutrition and Their Effects on Nutrient Utilization, Growth and Laying Performance, and Gut Health: A Systematic Review.

Simple SummaryProbiotics are live bacteria, fungi, or yeasts that supplement the gastrointestinal flora and help to maintain a healthy digestive system, thereby promoting the growth performance and overall health of poultry. Probiotics are increasingly being included in poultry diets as an alternative to antibiotics. This systematic review provides a summary of the use of probiotics in poultry production and the potential role of probiotics in the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health of poultry.Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics in poultry has increased steadily over the years due to higher demand for antibiotic-free poultry. The objective of this systematic review is to present and evaluate the effects of probiotics on the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, gut histomorphology, immunity, and gut microbiota of poultry. An electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords to include papers pertinent to the topic. Seventeen commonly used probiotic species were critically assessed for their roles in the performance and gut health of poultry under existing commercial production conditions. The results showed that probiotic supplementation could have the following effects: (1) modification of the intestinal microbiota, (2) stimulation of the immune system, (3) reduction in inflammatory reactions, (4) prevention of pathogen colonization, (5) enhancement of growth performance, (6) alteration of the ileal digestibility and total tract apparent digestibility coefficient, and (7) decrease in ammonia and urea excretion. Thus, probiotics can serve as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. However, factors such as the intestinal health condition of birds, the probiotic inclusion level; and the incubation conditions, feedstuff, and water quality offered to birds may affect the outcome. This systematic review provides a summary of the use of probiotics in poultry production, as well as the potential role of probiotics in the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health of poultry.

Gut-Liver Axis Modulation: A Potential Role of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Management of NAFLD

Gut-Liver Axis Modulation: A Potential Role of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Management of NAFLD

The Potential Role of Probiotics in Controlling Overweight/Obesity and Associated Metabolic Parameters in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults is raised to 39%, which is nearly tripled more than 1975. The alteration of the gut microbiome has been widely accepted as one of the main causal factors. To find an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity, a systematic review and meta-analysis were designed. Methods In this study, we systematically reviewed the article published from January 2008 to July 2018 and conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of probiotics on body weight control, lipid profile, and glycemic control in healthy adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcomes were body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass, fat percentages, plasma lipid profiles, and glucose metabolic parameters. Results We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science and identified 1248 articles, and 7 articles which were manually searched by the references of included studies and previously systematic reviews. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including 821 participants, were included in the meta-analysis via full-text screening. Probiotics supplementation resulted in a statistical reduction in body weight (WMD [95% CI]; -0.55 [-0.91, -0.19] kg), BMI (WMD [95% CI]; -0.30 [-0.43, -0.18] kg m−2), waist circumference (WMD [95% CI]; -1.20 [-2.21, -0.19] cm), fat mass (WMD [95% CI]; -0.91 [-1.19, -0.63] kg), and fat percentage (WMD [95% CI]; -0.92 [-1.27, -0.56] %) compared with control groups. As expected, the metabolic parameters were improved significantly, with a pooled standardized mean difference in TC (SMD [95% CI]; -0.43 [-0.80, -0.07]), LDL-C (SMD [95% CI]; -0.41 [-0.77, -0.04]), FPG (SMD [95% CI]; -0.35 [-0.67, -0.02]), insulin (SMD [95% CI]; -0.44 [-0.84, -0.03]), and HOMA-IR (SMD [95% CI]; -0.51 [-0.96, -0.05]), respectively. The changes in TG (SMD [95% CI]; 0.14 [-0.23, 0.50]), HDL-C (SMD [95% CI]; -0.31 [-0.70, 0.07]), and HbA1c (SMD [95% CI]; -0.23 [-0.46, 0.01]) were not significant. Conclusion This study suggests that the probiotics supplementation could potentially reduce the weight gain and improve some of the associated metabolic parameters, which may become an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity in adult individuals.

The Potential Role of Probiotics (nutraceuticals) in Gut Health of Domestic Animals; an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The term gut health is currently becoming more important for domestic animals including poultry. Gut health refers to the fundamental organ system which covers multiple positive functions like effective digestion, stabilizing intestinal microbiota, gut pH and modulation of effective immune response. Gut health depends on proper balance of microbial population. A wide range of feed and pathogen associated factors influence this balance, and adversely affect the animal health status and production performance. Antibiotic stimulators have been used in farm animals to achieve maximum production. But drug resistance and residual effects of antibiotics in animal products (milk, meat and egg etc.) have raised serious issues in human life. Therefore, The European Union (EU) has strictly banned the application of antibiotic stimulators in livestock nutrition in several others countries including China. As a result, an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters are required to support the profitable and sustainable animal production system. Probiotics as nutraceuticals has been categorized as an alternative natural feed supplement for commercial utilization. Such products have been recognized as safe feed additives in animal industry. Very few studies have comparatively described the effect of probiotics on gut health of domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to explore the beneficial effects of probiotics in improving gut health of domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, but also to evaluate the probiotics associated health and risk factors, and to provide comprehensive scientific information for researchers, scientists and commercial producers.

Probiotics in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Infantile colic, constipation, functional abdominal pain (FAP), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). This chapter will review current evidence on the role of probiotics in the treatment of these FGID. The etiology of FGID is considered multifactorial, but the importance of intestinal microbiota in their development has been repeatedly emphasized. As a consequence, the potential role of probiotics in their treatment is being increasingly scrutinized. Presently, the strongest evidence of efficacy is for the use of Lactobacillus reuteri (L reuteri) DSM 17938 at the dose of 108CFU/day for the treatment of infantile colic in breastfed infants. Limited, yet encouraging, evidence exists for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) at the dose of 3×109 CFU and for a multi-strain preparation for the treatment of IBS. In the treatment of FAP, there is some evidence for the use of L reuteri DSM 17938 at the dose of at least 108CFU/day.