Potential Readers Research Articles

S3212 IBD in the Time of COVID-19: An Analysis of Online Resources for Patients About IBD and COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition often requiring immunosuppressive therapy, which may increase risk of COVID19 complications. As patients increasingly turn to internet search engines for medical inquiries, quality information is ever more important. This study evaluated the quality, readability, and content of online information available to patients with IBD about COVID19. METHODS: A Google search of the terms “Inflammatory bowel disease” and “COVID19” identified the top 125 results. Websites were excluded if inaccessible, duplicate, veterinary, or irrelevant. Websites were categorized as academic (universities, professional groups, journals) or non-academic (blogs, news, commercial or personal sites). Readability was assessed with the validated Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level calculation. Sites were evaluated for quality and accuracy using the validated DISCERN instrument with scores rated as excellent (>65), good (36–65), or poor (<36). Statistical analysis was performed with two-sample T-test and chi-square with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: 77 of 125 websites met inclusion criteria, of which 39 (50.6%) were academic and 38 (49.4%) were non-academic. The mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 12.2 and the mean quality DISCERN score was 49.7. Academic sites compared to non-academic websites were written at a significantly higher grade-level (14.7 vs 11.6; P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the DISCERN scores between academic and non-academic websites (51 vs 42, P = 0.823). Academic websites were significantly more likely to discuss immunosuppression (P = 0.00006), biologic medications (P = 0.018), steroids (P = 0.029), social distancing (P = 0.014), and COVID19 symptoms of nausea/vomiting (P = 0.034) and diarrhea (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that available online information was of good quality. However, consumer sites were significantly less likely to highlight known gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID19 and were less likely to discuss potential issues related to medication use. Both academic and non-academic websites had an average grade level that exceeded the NIH recommended 6th grade reading level. Overall, there was significant variation in the content and accuracy of available information. As IBD patients have heightened concerns regarding COVID risks, it is important that online information be accessible and accurate to all potential readers.

Narrativa y Universidad: Aportaciones al debate desde un posicionamiento postcualitativo

Iniciamos este artículo describiendo cómo hemos llegado a la investigación postcualitativa, nuestro compromiso investigador en un mundo en permanente cambio y transformación, y cómo esto nos influye y afecta en nuestro devenir narrativo persiguiendo superar el binarismo docente/investigador. Dos interrogantes orientan nuestra indagación, el primero relacionado con la búsqueda del sentido a nuestra práctica narrativa con la apertura ontológica del giro postcualitativo y los debates tan interesantes que se están produciendo a su alrededor en el ámbito de la investigación educativa. Para dar respuesta al primero de estos interrogantes, a lo largo del texto presentamos y dialogamos con lo que ha supuesto para nosotros el giro postcualitativo y lo relacionamos con la investigación narrativa. El segundo interrogante está centrado en cómo reimaginar nuevas formas de comunicar nuestras investigaciones, conocimientos y experiencias. Por lo que más adelante, adoptando un estilo más rizomático, exploramos nuevas formas comunicativas con las audiencias, para conseguir, con la presentación de diferentes ensamblajes, implicar a las posibes lectoras y lectores como participantes activos en la búsqueda del sentido del texto y compartir lo que esta apertura ontologica nos permite pensar de nuestro compromiso narrativo: deconstructivo, democrático y decolonial.

Сущность собирания доказательств в уголовном судопроизводстве (на примере уголовно-процессуального законодательства России и Узбекистана)

Настоящей статьей автор продолжает цикл своих научных публикаций, посвящённых исследованию структуры уголовно-процессуального доказывания. На основании высказанных аргументов автор приходит к выводу о необходимости частичного пересмотра своей прежней позиции, предполагающей рассмотрение категорий «собирание доказательств» и «формирование доказательств» как двух автономных способов осуществления первого этапа доказывания. Вместо этого автор предлагает придавать категории «собирание доказательств» несколько условное значение, понимая под ней любые формы поведения участников уголовного судопроизводства, направленные на получение и последующую процессуализацию полезной информации.

Gelenbevi’nin İsaguci Şerhi İsimli Eseri Üzerine ‘Delâlet ve Tanım Konuları Bağlamında’ Bir İnceleme

İsmail Gelenbevî (1730-1790) mantık, münazara, matematik, astronomi, tasavvuf ve kelâm alanlarındaki eserleriyle tanınır. Aristoteles (MÖ. öl. 322) mantığının devamı olarak Fârâbî-İbn Sina geleneğine bağlı kalan Gelenbevî, Osmanlıların son döneminde mantık ilminde telif eseri bulunan bir mantıkçıdır. Onun Burhan isimli eseri, Osmanlı ilim dünyasında mantık ilminde yazılan son telif eserler arasında sayılır. Ayrıca onun başka mantık eserleri bulunmakla birlikte Esirüddîn el-Ebherî’nin (öl. 1265) İsagûci isimli eserine yazdığı bir şerhi mevcuttur. İslâm mantık tarihinde dikkate değer bir konuma sahip olan İsagûcî isimli bu risale üzerine çok sayıda şerh ve haşiye bulunmaktadır. Mantık metni olarak İsagûcî’nin diğer ilimlerdeki eserlere göre avantajı, biçimsel bir konuyu açık bir dille anlatmasıdır. Ancak yine de bu biçimsel metnin, her dönemdeki muhataplarının anlama düzeyine uygun hale getirilmesine ihtiyaç hissedilmektedir. İslâm mantıkçıları bu şerhleri, kendi dönemindeki öğrencilerin anlayış düzeyine uygun olarak yazmışlardır. İşte Gelenbevî de İsagûci şerhiyle, döneminin öğrencileri için bu risaledeki anlaşılmayan hususları açıklamayı amaçlamıştır. Her ne kadar 13. yüzyıl sonrasındaki mantık eserlerinde benzer türde içeriklere rast-lansa da Gelenbevî’nin şerhi, kendi dönemine kadar gelen görüş farklılıklarını ele alıp incelemesi açısından dikkat çekmektedir. Eserin girişinde Gelenbevî, hem mantık ilmiyle dilbilgisi ve dînî ilimler arasındaki bağı sıkı bir şekilde kurmakta hem de dînî ilimler öğrencisine mantık öğrenmeden tefsir, kelâm gibi ilimleri tam olarak öğrenmesinin mümkün olmadığını ispatlamaya çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca o, ihtilaflı kelâmî me-seleleri kelâmcıları referans vererek cedelî bir tarzda konuları tartışmaktadır. Böylece o, dînî ilimlerin öğretiminden önce bu ilimler için yöntem olarak mantığın bilinmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. İsagûcî şerhinin mukaddimesinde mantık-dînî ilimler ilişkisi tesis edildikten sonra mantık kelimesinin anlamının tahliline ve tanımına geçi-lir. Burada Gelenbevî mantığın tanımlanması konusunda Molla Fenarî’yi takip ederek cihet-i vahde ifadesini kullanarak onun yöntemiyle tanım yapmaktadır. Böylece onun, varlık nazariyesindeki birliği bilgi teorisine de yansıttığı ve yine bu konudaki tasavvufî eğilimini ima ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Mantık ilmini ilm-i mizan yani ölçü ilmi olarak adlandıran mantıkçı şerhinde, mantığın tatbikî yönünü öne çıkartmaya çalışır. Çünkü mantık, dînî ilimlerin aracıdır ve bu nedenle her türlü delillendirmenin sağlamlığı ve kesinliğinin sağlanması için mantığa büyük bir görev düşmektedir. Bunun için o mantık ilminin kurallarını izah ederken mantıksal açıklamalarla birlikte dilbilimsel olarak da çoğu kelimenin ne anlama geldi-ğini ve bunun gramatik konumunu araştırır. Bu makalede Gelenbevî’nin İsagûci şerhinin mukaddime ve tasavvurât bölümünde yer alan delâlet ve tanım konuları mantıksal ve dilbilimsel bakımdan incelenecektir. Gelenbevî, İslâm mantıkçılarına göre delâletin sözlü yani lafzî olan ve olmayan şeklinde ikiye ayrılmasını ayrıntılı bir şekilde inceler. Bunlardan her birinin tabiî, aklî ve vaz’î olarak üç türü vardır. Mantıkçılar bunlardan lafzî vaz’î olan delâlet biçimiyle ilgilenirler. Lafzî vaz’î delâlet ise İbn Sina’yla birlikte mutabakat, tazammun ve iltizam olarak ele alınır. Gelenbevî her üç delâlet biçimini ayrıntılı olarak anlatır. Bu delâlet biçimleriyle ilgili farklı görüşleri anlatarak ihtilafları çözer. Yine o, tanım konusunda dönemine kadar gelen tüm çatışmaları birer birer tahlil etmekte ve onlara cevap vermektedir. Böylece bir klasik eser olan İsagûcî’yi dînî ilimlerden istifade ederek yeniden kurgulamakta ve ona dînî ilimlerin yönte¬mi denilecek bir yapı kazandırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu makalede onun bu eseri Molla Fenarî (öl. 1431) ve Davûd el-Karsî (öl. 1756) gibi Osmanlı mantığında etkisi olan mantıkçıların İsagûcî şerhleriyle birlikte değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca onun bu eseriyle İslâm mantık geleneğindeki yeri, önemi ve katkıları belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır.

Clickbait and its influence on modifying the structure of the news in Peru

The use of clickbait headlines has become common in journalism, combining marketing strategies to capture the attention of potential readers, such as the use of question marks or appealing to doubt or emotions to achieve its goal. This research work seeks to understand how the clickbait, as a resource of digital journalism, has altered traditional hierarchical criteria, instead of using structures such as the inverted pyramid. As a methodology, the digital platform of two media, one of the radio press and the other of the television press, was analyzed to identify how they used clickbait and the type of hierarchical order, as well as their characteristics, such as the use of quotes and the section.

An Analysis of the APEC News in Washington Post from the Perspective of Engagement System Based on Appraisal Theory

This paper uses the engagement system of appraisal theory to analyze the news about APEC summit held in Papua New Guinea from the Washington Post, in which the proportion of dialogue expansion and dialogue contraction of engagement resources is 47 and 53, and the contraction resources are slightly higher than the expansion resources. In order to explain that in news discourse, the author refutes other viewpoints while actively expressing his views on the incidents, and also extracts other viewpoints that have reached the objective and reliable information, thus convincing potential readers.

Writing a letter to the editor: tips for success

Writing a letter to the editor: tips for success

Multi-writer Multi-reader Boolean Keyword Searchable Encryption

In traditional public key searchable encryption (PKSE), a data owner (writer) utilizes data user’s (reader) public key to build ciphertexts. Thus, to share D data items (W keywords per item) with R readers, a writer suffers from $$O(R \cdot D \cdot W)$$ computational overhead. Researchers then offer numerous schemes supporting multiple readers with optimal overhead, i.e., $$O(D \cdot W)$$ . However, these schemes support either a single-keyword search or multi-keyword search in single-writer multi-reader (SWMR) setting where a writer could share data with the known set of readers. On the other hand, the existing multi-writer multi-reader (MWMR) PKSE offers Boolean search but suffers from $$O(R \cdot D \cdot W)$$ computational overhead for each writer. We observe applications desiring PKSE where writers could share data with the unknown set of readers and readers could perform search across data for Boolean query. Since the existing literature lacks such schemes, we propose a multi-writer multi-reader Boolean keyword searchable encryption (MWMR-BKSE) where the separate sets of registered readers and writers are prepared. Once registered, the writer could compute ciphertexts without knowing the potential readers and the readers could search across data at any time. The computational overhead on each writer is optimal $$O(D \cdot W)$$ . Additionally, a deregistered client would not be able to further write or read data. With MWMR-BKSE, we offer a Boolean keyword search utilizing key policy attribute-based encryption. The security of ciphertext against chosen keyword attack is proved using full security model. With the detailed theoretical analysis and extensive simulations on real-world datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MWMR-BKSE.

Identity construction or obfuscation on social media: a case of Facebook and WhatsApp

ABSTRACT This paper appraises the way Facebook and WhatsApp social media users construct or obfuscate their identities and that of their followers and/or audience. Social media users post their statuses and what is on their mind on the public domain. These posts are presumed to ‘project’ the sender’s identity dis/aligning themselves with readers or potential readers. The discursive processes involved are crucial for the appraisal of how identities are constructed or obfuscated. Language is at the centre of identity co-construction or obfuscation. Engaging the Appraisal and Social Constructionism theoretical frameworks, the paper examines identity construction or obfuscation from the three levels of analysis: lexical, textual pragmatic and interactional levels. Data for analysis is purposively sampled. Observation and group discussions are utilised to appraise the discursive socio-semantic meanings of the status and posts on social media. The paper argues that identities are largely obfuscated than constructed on social media. Identities are never unified, fragmentation of identities in differing situations and contexts compound obfuscation of identities in general.

The Press behind the Review: On the Relationship between the Comparative Education Review and the University of Chicago Press

Then there is the debate about open access: in scholarly publishing there are models and advocates for open access and free journals, often subsidized by institutions. Comparative Education Review is in many ways a hybrid model, offering some materials with open access and having a well-established program for free access for institutions in low-income contexts. Accordingly, in 2020 and beyond, we will continue to publish three featured articles per volume, as well as the annual presidential address, all with open access. Moreover, if authors are required by a funder to follow an open access mandate, UCP continues to offer two options: a “green” and a “gold” model.1 The Press has also expanded outreach through the Chicago Emerging Nations Initiative (CENI), embracing more than 10,000 institutions in over 120 emerging nations. Participating institutions gain access to electronic and print editions of UCP journals at deeply discounted rates (and in some cases gratis). The problem is that potential readers and contributors at many of the institutions covered by CENI remain unaware of the journal or of the free access offered. Obviously, it should be our goal to provide better information to a larger circle of readers and contributors, including reviewers and authors based in more marginalized parts of the world. Again, we seek suggestions—and assistance—from our Advisory Board and from authors and readers on how to reach out and invite new groups to become part of a larger community of readers, reviewers, and authors.

Quality assessment of machine translation output

Despite fast development of machine translation, the output quality is less than acceptable in certain language pairs. The aim of this paper is to determine the types of errors in machine translation output that cause comprehension problems to potential readers. The study is based on a reading task experiment using eye tracking and a retrospective survey as a complementary method to add more value to the research as eye tracking as a method is considered to be problematic and challenging (O’BRIEN, 2009; ALVES et al., 2009). The cognitive evaluation approach is used in an eye tracking experiment to determine the complexity of the errors in the English–Lithuanian language pair from easiest to hardest as seen by the readers of a machine-translated text. The tested parameters – gaze time and fixation count – demonstrate that a different amount of cognitive effort is required to process different types of errors in machine-translated texts. The current work aims at contributing to other research in the Translation Studies field by providing the analysis of error assessment of machine translation output.

The pragmatics of luxury

This paper investigates the lexical items used in online automobile advertising to characterize the motorcar as a luxury product. The main questions examined are, firstly, how certain words are interpreted as denoting luxury concepts by potential readers, and, secondly, whether luxury and non-luxury marques differ in the use of these units. The issues here are addressed from a double theoretical framework: a theory of luxury, which allows for the identification and classification of the vocabulary of luxury, and Relevance Theory, a pragmatic model which explains how words are subject to pragmatic modulation during interpretation, leading to the construction of ad hoc concepts.

Identifying Facets of Reader-Generated Online Reviews of Children’s Books Based on a Textual Analysis Approach

With the increasing popularity of social media, online reviews have become one of the primary information sources for book selection. Prior studies have analyzed online reviews, mostly in the domain of business. However, little research has examined the content of online book reviews of children’s books. Book reviews generated by book readers contain different aspects of information, such as opinions, feedback, or emotional responses, from the perspectives of readers. This study explores what aspects of the books are addressed in readers’ reviews, and then it intends to identify categorical features or facets of online book reviews of children’s books. We employed a textual analysis approach including the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling to analyze the content of book reviews. The results indicate that online book reviews exhibit different facets of the books, which can be used as access points by potential readers to help them select relevant books.

Jam Sessions

In this essay, we consider what musical improvisation can offer humanists interested in interdisciplinary cultural study. We begin by exploring our shared backgrounds as jazz-informed percussionists and our coincidental meeting in the same interdisciplinary graduate program. In the process, we identify key homologies between our musical and scholarly practices: namely, careful and constant practice; a deep commitment to listening; and an openness to conceptual translations across a variety of contexts. As we unpack these ideas, we draw on a wide range of artistic-theoretical texts, years of after-hours conversations, and occasional music collaboration; ultimately, we articulate, for each other and potential readers, that the dynamic, collaborative ethic required for successful improvisation nurtures scholarly interdisciplinary practice by valuing individual efforts as part of communal strivings.

Włodzimierz Dworzaczek – wydawca, redaktor, publicysta (1905-1918)

The aim of the article is to present the publishing, editorial and journalistic activity of Włodzimierz Dworzaczek, who initiated the development of the Polish press in Minsk at the beginning of the 20th century, which according to him was a source of promoting the Polish national consciousness of the people. The analysis of archival documents, as well as publications by Dworzaczek (mainly “Nad Świsłoczą” and “Pogoń”) allows us to state that Dworzaczek was a person consistently striving to create a local press unit in Minsk. Despite the failure of subsequent initiatives, he made further attempts. An objective assessment of the achievements of the editor of “Nad Świsłoczą” allows us to state that Dworzaczek was unable to create a self-sufficient magazine in Minsk, which was the result not only of the lack of wider interest of potential readers in the local press, but also, as we can guess, the uncompromising nature of the initiator himself.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN BRAND LOYALTY WITH BRAND AWARENESS AS INTERMEDIATE VARIABLES (STUDY ON TRAVELOKA BRAND)

Social media marketing is a process of strategy and methods for building the influence, reputation and brand of a company in the community of potential customers, readers, or supporters. Company. The objectives of this study are: (1) To examine the effect of social media marketing activities on brand loyalty on the Traveloka brand? (2) To test the effect of social media marketing activities on brand awareness of brands on the Traveloka brand, and (3) To examine the effect of social media marketing activities on brand loyalty and brand awareness as intermediary variables on the Traveloka brand ?. This study uses a survey method with primary data collection techniques. The research population is potential customers and the public who have seen social media marketing activities carried out by Traveloka Applications. The results showed that there was a significant influence between social media marketing activity variables on the Traveloka brand loyalty in Medan. There is a significant influence of social media marketing activity variables on the Traveloka brand awareness in Medan. There is a significant influence of social media marketing activity variables on the Traveloka brand awareness in Medan.

COVID-19: A Centennial Pandemic from Origin to Clinical Trials

Abstract In December 2019, an unexpected interaction of coronavirus with human’s occurred for the third time in history after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. Soon the virus was confirmed as SARS-CoV-2, and the severity of its transmission lead the World Health Organization to declare it as World Pandemic. Due to its highly contagious nature, new methods like social distancing, self-hygiene and quarantine were being adopted by many countries to halt the transmission. Due to the dearth in specific therapeutics and/or vaccines against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a significant thrust in drugs and vaccine discovery was ratified by all the nations. The current review comprehensively details about the emergence and molecular pathogenesis with an interesting timeline which notes all the major events during this crisis. Given the potential general readers and health workers, the symptoms and diagnostic approaches were simplified. Emphasis was given to therapeutic approaches and clinical trials section to support the translational research and to cope up with the viral outbreak.

Views from the Inside: Czech Underground Literature and Culture (1948–1989). Texts by Ivan M. Jirous, Paul Wilson, Egon Bondy, and Jáchym Topol by Machovec Martin (review)

SEER, 98, 2, APRIL 2020 362 about ‘Faith’ and ‘Psychoanalysis’ and their relegation to the ‘purgatory’ of the ‘Further Reading’ section is surprising. It was, after all, Alexandrov who initiated the seminal ‘metaphysical’ trend in Nabokov scholarship, inspired by Véra Nabokov’s comments on the theme of potustoronnost´ in her husband’s work, whilst Green showed both remarkable audacity by going against the ‘ban on psychoanalytical reading’, and striking intellectual acumen when he demonstrated, through careful textual analysis, that Nabokov’s supposed rejection of Freud’s works was more pretence than reality. It is a pity, therefore, that these two did not find a place here that better reflected their formative position in Nabokov studies. Nevertheless, Vladimir Nabokov in Context is a very commendable effort, and a valuable resource on the circumstances that fashioned Nabokov and his art. It is well worth acquiring, although the price of the volume, a brutal £74.99, might deter a number of potential readers. Département des Études du Monde Anglophone René Alladaye Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès Machovec, Martin (ed.). Views from the Inside: Czech Underground Literature and Culture (1948–1989). Texts by Ivan M. Jirous, Paul Wilson, Egon Bondy, and Jáchym Topol. Karolinum Press, Prague, 2018. 111 pp. Notes. Bibliography.Discography.Documentaryfilmography.Index.CZK260.00 (paperback). English-language readers interested in Czechoslovak culture of the period following the crushing of the 1968 Prague Spring by Warsaw Pact forces — which initiated a twenty-year period of stark political repression known as ‘Normalization’ — have had a skewed selection of primary sources from which to choose. The major essays and plays of Václav Havel, the most famous of the Czech dissidents internationally and later president of the Czech Republic, became available in excellent English translations long ago, as did major novels by certain authors (most living in exile) such as Milan Kundera, Josef Škvorecký and Ivan Klíma, who were critical of the socialist regime. That this particular group of writers came to embody Czechoslovak dissidence for the English-reading public is a quirk of publishing history, however, and has obscured the work of other authors, musicians and intellectuals that a Czechoslovak audience would be quick to recognize as major cultural actors of the period. English-language scholarship in recent years has been busy revising this distorted view of the culture of the Normalization period, but the range of primary texts available in English remains very limited. REVIEWS 363 The present volume presents five texts about this period by major figures from the time. The Normalization era of 1969 to 1989 is the main focus, with some attention to cultural background extending back to 1948, the year Czechoslovakia fell firmly into orbit as a good Soviet satellite state. With one major exception, all five texts constitute retrospective reflections on the period by people who were actively involved. In that sense they help fill out our historical image of the culture of the period but do not expand the corpus of primary texts. This is an important collection nonetheless, as it makes clear that the hitherto dominant picture of dissidence centred on Havel and the Charter 77 civil rights movement requires expansion to include figures from ‘the Underground’. These were primarily young rock musicians and the poets who provided many of their lyrics, who began their activities independently of the better-known group around Havel. The most important of these rock bands is The Plastic People of the Universe, whose beguiling name enjoys a certain recognition, but about whom international audiences know fairly little. The exceptional, and most significant, text in this volume is an essay by Ivan M. Jirous, who was the artistic director of the Plastic People — a role that belies his extraordinary importance for alternative culture of the Normalization period. Jirous’s ‘Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival’ appeared in 1975 and represents a manifesto of sorts, a first attempt to take stock of the aims and inspirations of the young people associating with the Underground, who were already braving often brutal encounters with the police for what might appear the quixotic purpose of listening to a particular type of music. Jirous presents a loose and selective history...

Persuasive Faculty and Rhetorical Structure Analysis of Popular Filipino Fiction Book Blurbs from 1980 – Present

Blurbs, being a subtle yet powerful pitch that influence readers to pick-up a book, might contradict the old adage ‘You cannot judge a book by its cover’. People do get influenced by blurbs (Schaefer &amp; Nelson, 2012). And they provide a vista of writing styles, a rhetoric that not only appeals to readers’ senses, but also resonates the cultural or socio-political ideals of a population at a given decade, which Küçüksakarya (2015) calls “contextually motivated language choices”. A local study, for instance, has forwarded that in the Philippines, culture greatly influences the way of writing (Pariña, 2010), and is a potent factor for persuading people to read. The style of blurb writing for Filipino fiction books, however, still remains unexplored, which is why this study is conducted. Anchored on Gea-Valor’s (2005) textual strategies to analyze twenty (20) blurbs of fiction books gathered from Goodreads – five each from decades 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010 to present, findings showed that Filipino fiction book blurbs are more informational, than promotional. Albeit present in all decades, the blurbs in the following decades also focus on culture and romance. Utilizing Maan and Thompson’s (1986) Rhetorical Structure Theory, the analyses reveal that most blurbs entrench the plot to the potential readers, weaving both the informative and promotional intent of the blurbs. Filipino blurb writers more commonly use positive evaluative adjectives, superlatives, intensifiers, elliptical structure, personal pronouns like ‘we’, ‘us’, and ‘ours’ including rhetorical questions and imperatives directed towards readers, which help establish the Filipino’s communal culture, or the interconnectedness of ‘pakikisama’, which Pariña (2010) noted as one of the features of Filipino writing. The researchers recommend looking into the rhetorical structure and other presentational schemes of blurbs used as virtual advertising to shed light on this growing inquisitiveness towards this genre.

Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19.

The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Scientific advancements since the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002~2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have accelerated our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutics to treat viral infection. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for global public health. To provide a comprehensive summary to public health authorities and potential readers worldwide, we detail the present understanding of COVID-19 and introduce the current state of development of measures in this review.