Potential Of Nanomaterials Research Articles

High-Throughput Screening Strategy and Metal-Organic Framework-Based Multifunctional Controlled-Release Nanomaterial for Osteoarthritis Therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease that lacks effective therapy. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors contributing to OA; however, treatments targeting oxidative stress are still lacking. In the current study, we established an oxidative stress-induced cell death model in chondrocytes in vitro and screened drugs that may suppress oxidative stress-induced cell death. Ethyl gallate (EG) was identified as the most potent drug against oxidative stress-induced cell death out of more than 600 drugs in the natural product library. Application of drugs without an appropriate delivery system for OA therapy may have drawbacks such as low bioavailability, short action time, and poor efficacy. Herein, poly-His6-zinc assembly (PZA), a pH-responsive metal-organic framework (MOF) loaded with EG (EG@PZA) was designed for OA therapy. It was demonstrated that EG@PZA may have the lysosome escape property, which dramatically increases the utilization of EG. Furthermore, EG@PZA showed enhanced release capability of EG in the acidic microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that EG@PZA effectively suppresses oxidative stress-induced extracellular matrix degradation, ferroptosis, and senescence in chondrocytes and also ameliorates OA in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model in vivo. Together, the current study showed that EG@PZA may become a potential controlled-release nanomaterial for effective OA therapy.

Carboxyl-functionalized multifunctional red-emitting carbon quantum dots as an ideal biomaterial

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been developed into a popular nanomaterial due to their abundant surface state, good biocompatibility, and excellent antimicrobial properties. However, CQDs with multiple functions, such as being red-emitting, having good antibacterial activity, and having excellent pH sensitivity, have rarely been reported. In this work, red-emitting CQDs (R-CQDs) with excellent optical properties and antimicrobial activity were prepared by a simple green hydrothermal method. In antimicrobial applications, the R-CQDs featured good antibacterial activity due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, indicating excellent photodynamic antimicrobial ability. In addition, the R-CQDs showed fine pH sensitivity, giving them potential as pH sensors to monitor the pH of wounds in real time. The promising potential application of R-CQDs for cell imaging was also demonstrated. In summary, we offer R-CQDs with good antibacterial and pH sensitivity as a potential nanomaterial for pH and antimicrobial monitoring of wounds, shedding light on the biomedical field.

High-Efficiency Enzyme Assay and Screening of Enzyme-Inhibiting Nanomaterials Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Hierarchically Porous Metal-Organic Framework-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor.

Enzyme-inhibiting nanomaterials have significant potential for regulating enzyme activity. However, a universal and efficient method for systematically screening and evaluating the inhibitory effects of various nanomaterials on drug target enzymes has not been established. While the integrated technique of immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) with capillary electrophoresis (CE) serves as an effective tool for enzyme analysis, it still faces challenges such as low enzyme loadability, unsatisfactory stability, and limited applicability. Herein, hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) were explored as high-performance enzyme immobilization carriers and stationary phases to develop a novel HP-MOFs-based IMER-CE microanalysis system for efficient online enzyme assay and systematic screening of enzyme-inhibiting nanomaterials. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the model enzyme xanthine oxidase (XOD) was immobilized on a HP-UiO-66-NH2 coated capillary, serving as an efficient and durable IMER for screening potential XOD-inhibiting nanomaterials. The hierarchically micro- and mesoporous structure and superior enzyme loadability of as-prepared HP-UiO-66-NH2-IMER was intensively characterized, followed by systematic evaluation of the separation performance of HP-UiO-66-NH2 coated column and the enzyme kinetics of the immobilized XOD. Compared to the microporous UiO-66-NH2-IMER, the HP-UiO-66-NH2-IMER-CE system showed significant improvements in enzyme loading, maximum reaction rate, repeatability, and long-term stability. Furthermore, the established method was effectively employed to screen the XOD inhibitory activity of various nanomaterials, revealing that graphene oxide, single wall carbon nanotube and three other nanomaterials exhibited inhibitory potentials. The HP-MOFs-based microanalysis system can be easily expanded by modifying the types of immobilized enzymes and holds the potential to accelerate the identification and rational design of effective enzyme-inhibiting nanomaterials.

PREPARING NANOPARTICLES USING SOME BIOLOGICAL METHODS AND STUDYING THEIR EFFECT ON SOME MYCOTOXINS

General Background: Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by certain fungi and bacteria, pose significant health risks to humans and animals, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Specific Background: The use of environmentally friendly approaches to mitigate the impact of these toxins is crucial. Nanotechnology, particularly in conjunction with plant extracts, has emerged as a promising method for toxin remediation due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite the potential of nanomaterials in mycotoxin management, there is limited research exploring the interaction between plant extracts and nanotechnology in inhibiting toxin-producing fungi. Aims: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of zinc oxide nanomaterials synthesized from mint plant extracts in mitigating the effects of mycotoxins and inhibiting the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Results: Mint leaves were collected from various locations in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate over an eight-week period. The extracted plant materials were used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles, which demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the growth of specific fungi responsible for mycotoxin production, thereby reducing mycotoxin formation. Novelty: This research highlights the innovative application of mint-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles as a dual-action agent—suppressing fungal growth while simultaneously preventing mycotoxin synthesis. Implications: The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices and mycotoxin management, paving the way for the development of natural, eco-friendly solutions to enhance food safety and protect public health.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Starch Nanocomposites Loaded with Ampicillin to Enhance Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli.

Chitosan/starch nanocomposites loaded with ampicillin were prepared using the spray-drying method by mixing various ratios of chitosan and starch. The morphology of chitosan/starch nanoparticles was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the zeta potential value and size distribution were determined by a Nanoparticle Analyzer. The results show that the chitosan/starch nanocomposites have a spherical shape, smooth surface, and stable structure. Nanoparticle size distribution ranged from 100 to 600 nm, and the average particle size ranged from 300 to 400 nm, depending on the ratio between chitosan and starch. The higher the ratio of starch in the copolymer, the smaller the particle size. Zeta potential values of the nanocomposite were very high, ranging from +54.4 mV to +80.3 mV, and decreased from 63.2 down to +37.3 when loading with ampicillin. The chitosan/starch nanocomposites were also characterized by FT-IR to determine the content of polymers and ampicillin in the nanocomposites. The release kinetics of ampicillin from the nanocomposites were determined in vitro using an HPLC profile for 24 h. The loading efficiency (LE) of ampicillin into chitosan/starch nanoparticles ranged from 75.3 to 77.3%. Ampicillin-loaded chitosan/starch nanocomposites were investigated for their antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in vitro. The results demonstrate that the antibacterial effectiveness of nanochitosan/starch loading with ampicillin against E.coli was 95.41%, higher than the 91.40% effectiveness of ampicillin at the same concentration of 5.0 µg/mL after 24 h of treatment. These results suggest that chitosan/starch nanocomposites are potential nanomaterials for antibiotic drug delivery in the pharmaceutical field.

Absorption of commercial and nanoparticulate ZnO and MgO synthesized by combustion reaction applied to maize soil

Nanotechnology has rapidly expanded across various fields, yet its application in agriculture remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on maize cultivation, comparing commercial samples with those synthesized by combustion reaction. Synthesized ZnO and ZnO/MgO (1:1 by mass) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine particle size and morphology. The experimental design assessed the effects of different treatments on magnesium and zinc uptake in maize roots and leaves, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for analysis. Results indicate that commercial ZnO significantly increased Zn absorption compared to synthesized samples and the control group, highlighting the influence of particle size and surface area on nutrient uptake. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of nanomaterials into the plant’s absorption mechanism as well as show that the availability of Zn NP synthesized contributes to the absorption of zinc by the plant without competing with Mg. On the other hand, when in Zn commercial, Mg absorption may be impaired.

Effect of graphene oxide on mechanical, deformation and drying shrinkage properties of concrete reinforced with fly ash as cementitious material by using RSM modelling

The industrial production of cement contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, making it crucial to address and reduce these emissions by using fly ash (FA) as a potential replacement. Besides, Graphene oxide (GO) was utilized as nanoparticle in concrete to augment its mechanical characteristics, deformation resistance, and drying shrinkage behaviours. However, the researchers used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to evaluate the compressive strength (CS), tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (ME), and drying shrinkage (DS) of concrete that was mixed with 5–15% FA at a 5% increment, along with 0.05%, 0.065%, and 0.08% of GO as potential nanomaterials. The concrete samples were prepared by using mix proportions of design targeted CS of about 45 MPa at 28 days. From investigational outcomes, the concrete with 10% FA and 0.05% GO exhibited the greatest CS, TS, FS, and ME values of 62 MPa, 4.96 MPa, 6.82 MPa, and 39.37 GPa, on 28 days correspondingly. Besides, a reduction in the DS of concrete was found as the amounts of FA and GO increased. Moreover, the development and validation of response prediction models were conducted utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 95%. The coefficient of determination (R2) values for the models varied from 94 to 99.90%. Research study indicated that including 10% fly ash (FA) as a substitute for cement, when combined with 0.05% GO, in concrete yields the best results. Therefore, this approach is an excellent option for the building sector.

PAMAM dendrimers as mediators of dermal and transdermal drug delivery: a review.

Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers have been widely investigated as potential nanomaterials that can enhance the skin permeation of topically applied drugs. This article reviews the studies that have used dendrimers as penetration enhancers and examines the mechanisms by which enhancement is claimed. A wide range of studies have demonstrated that, in certain circumstances and for certain drugs, the incorporation of dendrimers into a topically applied formulation can significantly increase the amount of drug passing into and through the skin. In some cases, dendrimers offered little or no enhancement of skin permeation, suggesting that the drug-dendrimer interaction and the selection of a specific dendrimer were central to ensuring optimal enhancement of skin permeation. Significant interactions between dendrimers and other formulation components were also reported in some cases. Dendrimers offer substantial potential for enhancing drug delivery into and across the skin, putatively by mechanisms that include occlusion and changes to surface tension. However, most of these studies are conducted in vitro and limited progress has been made beyond such laboratory studies, some of which are conducted using membranes of limited relevance to humans, such as rodent skin. Thus, the outcomes and claims of such studies should be treated with caution.

Diclofenac enhances Boron nitride nanoparticle toxicity in freshwater green microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus: Elucidating the role of oxidative stress

Boron nanoparticles have numerous medical, industrial, and environmental applications as potential nanomaterials. Given the inevitable release of these particles in aquatic environments, they can combine with other pollutants like pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their combined detrimental effects on freshwater biota. This study examined the joint impacts of Boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) and Diclofenac (DCF) on freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus. Three different concentrations of BNNPs (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L−1) were mixed with 1 mg L−1 of DCF and were treated with algal cells, and biochemical analyses were performed. A concentration-dependent decrease in algal cell viability was observed after a 72-h interaction period with BNNPs and their binary combinations. The maximum toxic effects were observed for the highest combination of BNNPs + DCF, i.e., 10 mg L−1 BNNPs + 1 mg L−1 DCF. Similarly, an increase in the oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed, which correlated directly to the decline in cell viability. The algal cells also showed reduced photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate upon interaction with BNNPs. The results of this research emphasize the importance of considering the negative consequences of emerging pollutants and their combinations with other pollutants, BNNPs, and DCF as part of a thorough evaluation of ecotoxicity in freshwater algal species.

Nano-enabled strategies to promote safe crop production in heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soil

Nanobiotechnology is a potentially safe and sustainable strategy for both agricultural production and soil remediation, yet the potential of nanomaterials (NMs) application to remediate heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soils is still unclear. A meta-analysis with approximately 6000 observations was conducted to quantify the effects of NMs on safe crop production in soils contaminated with heavy metal(loid) (HM), and a machine learning approach was used to identify the major contributing features. Applying NMs can elevate the crop shoot (18.2 %, 15.4–21.2 %) and grain biomass (30.7 %, 26.9–34.9 %), and decrease the shoot and grain HM concentration by 31.8 % (28.9–34.5 %) and 46.8 % (43.7–49.8 %), respectively. Iron-NMs showed a greater potential to inhibit crop HM uptake compared to other types of NMs. Our result further demonstrates that NMs application substantially reduces the potential health risk of HM in crop grains by human health risk assessment. The NMs-induced reduction in HM accumulation was associated with decreasing HM bioavailability, as well as increased soil pH and organic matter. A random forest model demonstrates that soil pH and total HM concentration are the two significant features affecting shoot HM accumulation. This analysis of the literature highlights the significant potential of NMs application in promoting safe agricultural production in HM-contaminated agricultural lands.

Tapping into the Power of Sol-Gel Method for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Titania Nanoparticles

Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious threat to global public health. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPS) synthesized using the sol-gel method. TiO2 NPS samples were prepared and characterized for morphology via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPS against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and pathogenic fungus Aspergillus penicillioides. The results showed that TiO2 NPS effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms, with significant inhibition zones especially against fungi. The antimicrobial mechanism of TiO2 NPS involves the formation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions that damage the cell membrane of microorganisms. The implications of this study are the development of potential antimicrobial nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications, as well as the importance of considering the physical and chemical properties of TiO2 NPS in designing effective infection treatment strategies.

Metal-organic framework and MXene (ZIF-8:Ti3C2Tx) based organic and inorganic nanocomposite for bio-synaptic applications

Organic and inorganic hybrid materials have drawn more interest in the field of electronic devices. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the promising hybrid materials for electronic devices. However, their limited electrical conductivity hinders their electronic applications. To overcome these shortcomings, we synthesized MOF:MXene nanocomposite to enhance the stability and electrical conductivity of MOF. In particular, we synthesized and characterized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8):MXene (Ti3C2Tx) hybrid nanocomposite. From the application point of view, we demonstrated the analog memory effect and mimicked various synaptic learning functionalities using Ag/ZIF-8:Ti3C2Tx/FTO resistive switching (RS) device. The fabricated device exhibits a good analog-type bipolar RS effect. The device mimics various bio-synaptic properties such as potentiation, depression, excitatory-post synaptic current, and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) index (%). The inherent non-ideal memristor property was dominated in the device, owing to the double-valued charge-flux relation. The conduction and possible RS mechanisms of the Ag/ZIF-8:Ti3C2Tx/FTO device were reported. These results suggested that the ZIF-8:Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite is a potential nanomaterial for brain-inspired computing applications.

A Novel and Economical Approach for the Fusarium Oxysporum Mediated Myco‐Synthesis of Mesoporous Floral‐Shaped Silica Nanoparticles from Coal Fly Ash Waste

AbstractNanotechnological applications involving the fabrication of potential nanomaterials and novel strategies for mitigation of contaminants have helped a lot in environmental cleanup. The chemical route for silica nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis using tetra ethyl oxy silicone and tetramethyl oxy silicone is expensive and energy intensive. Silica NPs synthesis from coal fly ash waste could prove to be economical. In this study, the investigators have used coal fly ash for silica NPs synthesis via a noble and economical approach. This biosynthetic approach involved two steps: (1) extraction of crude sodium silicate by using alkali treatment of fly ash and (2) the addition of crude sodium silicate to the supernatant of Fusarium oxysporum for fabrication of silica NPs. The developed silica NPs are analyzed by the analytical instruments where the microscopic techniques revealed 10–50 nm‐sized floral‐shaped mycogenic silica NPs. The X‐ray diffraction revealed the amorphous nature of the silica NPs with a broad spectrum starting from 8º and ending at 23º having centered at 13.1°. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in region 400–1200 cm−1, exhibited three distinguishing bands for silica NPs. The current study reports a novel and effective method for the development of silica NPs with a high yield and purity of about 95%.

Synergistic effects of electric and magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic energy in enhanced oil recovery

This study investigates the effect of electromagnetic energy implementation in the use of electric, magnetic, and hybrid nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery. The challenge lies in comprehending the intricate interplay of these factors to enhance the recovery factor (RF) of oil. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of parameters influencing oil recovery at its primary, secondary, and tertiary stages using finite-element-based simulations. Transitioning to the secondary stage, we observe a positive correlation between increasing brine flow rates and heightened RF. In the tertiary stage, a comparative assessment of nanofluids, including magnetite (Fe3O4), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO), reveals that enhancing nanofluid concentrations up to 0.001 % positively impacts RF, with Fe3O4 leading the pack at 22.20 %, followed by ZnO at 21.00 %, and CuO at 11.02 %. The introduction of electromagnetic field consistently augments RF for all nanofluids by a minimum of 4.8 %. Furthermore, this study explores the effect of hybrid nanofluids on RF, which tend to exhibit lower RF values. However, the introduction of electromagnetic energy significantly enhances RF for all hybrid nanofluids. The study offers valuable insights into the potential of nanomaterials and electromagnetic methods in the oil and gas industry.

Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles from reverse chemical co-precipitation method

Studying magnetic characteristics of iron oxide nanoparticles was highlighted as a key step in creating potential powder nanomaterials. The occurrence of electron spins parallel to the crystallographic orientations and single domain nanopartilces are the recognized causes of superparamagnetism in bulk magnetite. Nanoparticles whose size could be tuned exhibit this superparamagnetism effect. The reverse co-precipitation process is used to create the current magnetite nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse chemical coprecipitation method and were confirmed based on XRD data. The room temperature magnetic property was studied and the tiny levels of coercivity and remanence indicate that the samples may exhibit superparamagnetic nature.

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye with titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles

Water pollution from textile industries is a major concern with respect to the availability of clean drinking water. The removal of textile (organic) dyes through photocatalytic degradation with pure WO3 and titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide [Ti (IV)-WO3] nanospheres were studied under visible light. The WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were synthesized via microwave-assisted method at microwave power of 160 W for the duration of 20 mins. The as synthesised WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were characterized for their structural, microstructural, and spectroscopic properties by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The X-ray diffractograms confirmed the formation of highly pure WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres. The average crystallite size of WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were calculated as 53.37 nm and 35.24 nm respectively using Debye Scherrer equation. The bandgap of Ti (IV)-WO3 was found to be decreased to 2.5 eV from 3.2 eV (WO3) respectively. It can be deduced that Ti (IV)-WO3 can be utilized as efficient visible light (λ>420 nm) driven photocatalyst as the bandgap was < 3 eV. The agglomerated spherical nanoparticles were seen for WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 in the HR-TEM images. The photocatalytic activity of textile dye was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer under visible light. The photocatalytic organic dye degradation was investigated. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide (10 wt%) was observed to be ~100% in 100 mins. This makes titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanospheres, a potential nanomaterial for water purification.

Smart Fabric Textiles Using Nanomaterials: A Contemporary Overview

Recent years have witnessed the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping the landscape of smart fabric design. Nanomaterials have emerged as integral components, introducing sustainable attributes such as antimicrobial, ultraviolet resistant, electrically conductive, optical, hydrophobic, and flame-retardant properties into textiles and garments. The integration of nanomaterial-based smart devices into textiles has further expanded functionalities, encompassing energy harvesting and storage, sensing, drug release, and optics. Beyond the fashion industry, these advancements hold promise for applications in defense, healthcare, and on-body energy harnessing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current trends in utilizing nanotechnology within modern textile industries, serving as both an informative resource and a catalyst for future research endeavors. Focusing on on-body electronics, the review delves into the potential of nanomaterials in achieving total energy reliance through innovative textile applications. Key scientific concepts explored include methods for nanomaterial functionalization and integration into textiles, with a keen emphasis on cost-effectiveness, comfort, wearability, energy conversion efficiency, and eco-sustainability. Recent developments are in nanogenerators, super capacitors, and photo electronic devices integrated into fabrics, with a specific focus on their efficiency and wearability. The discussion extends to possible remediation measures. Finally, the paper outlines the future outlook, envisioning further progress in the integration of smart nano-devices onto textile fabrics.

Unique properties of titanium dioxide quantum dots assisted regulation of growth and biochemical parameters of Hibiscus sabdariffa plants

Owing to the uniqueness of quantum dots (QDs) as a potential nanomaterial for agricultural application, hence in the present study, titanium dioxide quantum dots (TiO2 QDs) were successfully synthesized via sol-gel technique and the physico-chemical properties of the prepared TiO2 QDs were analyzed. Based on the results, the TiO2 QDs showed the presence of anatase phase of TiO2. TEM examination revealed spherical QDs morphology with an average size of 7.69 ± 1.22 nm. The large zeta potential value (-20.9 ± 2.3 mV) indicate greater stability of the prepared TiO2 QDs in aqueous solutions. Moreover, in this work, the application of TiO2 QDs on Hibiscus sabdariffa plants was conducted, where H. sabdariffa plants were foliar sprayed twice a week in the early morning with different concentrations of TiO2 QDs (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 ppm) to evaluate their influence on these plants in terms of morphological indexes and biochemical parameters. The results exhibited an increasing impact of the different used concentrations of TiO2 QDs on morphological indexes, such as fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length, and leaf number, and physio-biochemical parameters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid contents, total pigments and total phenolic contents. Remarkably, the most prominent result was recorded at 15 ppm TiO2 QDs where plant height, total protein and enzymatic antioxidants like catalase and peroxidase were noted to increase by 47.6, 20.5, 29.5 and 38.3%, respectively compared to control. Therefore, foliar spraying with TiO2 QDs positively serves as an effective strategy for inducing optimistic effects in H. sabdariffa plants.

Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence properties of Eisenia bicyclis-extracts and Eisenia bicyclis-gold nanoparticles towards microbial pathogens

Nanomaterials derived from seaweed have developed as an alternative option for fighting infections caused by biofilm-forming microbial pathogens. This research aimed to discover potential seaweed-derived nanomaterials with antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Among seven algal species, the extract from Eisenia bicyclis inhibited biofilms of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes most effectively at sub-MIC levels. As a result, in the present study, E. bicyclis was chosen as a prospective seaweed for producing E. bicyclis-gold nanoparticles (EB-AuNPs). Furthermore, the mass spectra of E. bicyclis reveal the presence of a number of potentially beneficial chemicals. The polyhedral shape of the synthesized EB-AuNP with a size value of 154.74 ± 33.46 nm was extensively described. The lowest inhibitory concentration of EB-AuNPs against bacterial pathogens (e.g., L.monocytogenes, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae) and fungal pathogens (Candida albicans) ranges from 512 to >2048 μg/mL. Sub-MIC of EB-AuNPs reduces biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus by 57.22 %, 58.60 %, 33.80 %, and 91.13 %, respectively. EB-AuNPs eliminate the mature biofilm of K. pneumoniae at > MIC, MIC, and sub-MIC concentrations. Furthermore, EB-AuNPs at the sub-MIC level suppress key virulence factors generated by P. aeruginosa, including motility, protease activity, pyoverdine, and pyocyanin, whereas it also suppresses the production of staphyloxanthin virulence factor from S. aureus. The current research reveals that seaweed extracts and a biocompatible seaweed-AuNP have substantial antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence actions against bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with PMBP: A Sensitive Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Acetaminophen

In this present work, a sensitive electrocatalytic modified electrode based on 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was successfully developed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave voltammetry, chronocoulometry and cyclic voltammetry were used in prompt to evaluate the PMBP/MWCNT/CPE electrochemical capacity in detecting acetaminophen (APAP) in 0.1 M PBS pH 6.4. Under optimized conditions, PMBP/MWCNT/CPE displayed a well-defined electrocatalytic activity towards APAP oxidation in the linear responses which range from 1 μM to 1 mM (R2 = 0.991) with the LOD obtained at 0.245 μM while LOQ 0.816 μM. The presence of excess (10-fold and 25-fold) interferents such as sucrose, fructose, glucose, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, potassium nitrate, lysine, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride as interferents was insignificant. The results presented in this study provide new perspectives on PMBP as a potential nanomaterial in the development of APAP sensors. As a conclusion, the PMBP/MWCNT/CPE revealed good stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, and was discovered to be relevant for usage in the pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory performance.