Potential Incentives Research Articles

Input-Process-Output of decision-making framework during bushfire

Australia has been grappling with recurring bushfires for over a century, significantly affecting the landscape and communities. Despite this, there has been an increase in residents moving into high-risk bushfire areas. This study aimed to develop a framework that could guide householder decision-making regarding self-evacuation during bushfires by identifying the incentives that encourage early evacuation. The study used a qualitative approach and 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents in the southeast part of New South Wales; a region hardest hit during the 2019–20 summer bushfire season. Thirteen potential incentives that motivate self-evacuation were identified. The framework provides valuable insights into how incentives could influence residents’ decision-making during bushfires. In addition, it serves as a useful reference for policymakers, fire services and emergency management organisations when creating effective ways to encourage early self-evacuation and, ultimately, reduce injury and fatality.

Potential reductions of CO2 emissions from the transition to electric vehicles: Thailand’s scenarios towards 2030

The climate crisis has become a significant concern for many worldwide sectors. One of the primary causes of global warming comes from carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in which the transport sector is the major emitter, especially from road vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) have been seen as the best decarbonization choice to respond to the global warming issue by replacing fossil-fueled engines with electrically driven engines, especially electricity from renewable energy sources. Last year, Thailand’s government unveiled a roadmap with a view to achieving EV production of at least 30% of all auto production in the country by 2030 through the 30@30 policy plan. This study describes the potential reductions of CO2 emissions and their cost resulting from the transition to EVs in Thailand. The CO2 emissions of EVs caused by Thailand’s road vehicle fleet and battery production have been considered, and the forecasting scenarios of the proportion of EVs in 2030 have been studied. In the scenarios, the number of road cars in 2030 was estimated based on the registered vehicle statistics in Thailand. The data on seven-passenger cars powered by gasoline and electricity are used. A potential incentive from the government to encourage the use of EVs is also discussed based on analyzing the cost of carbon.

Procedures to involve knowledge providers for capturing the state of knowledge in radioactive waste management: insights from the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management

Abstract. Capturing the state of knowledge (SoK) in radioactive waste management (RWM) is a very important activity for supporting member states with the implementation of their national programmes towards the safe and effective management of radioactive waste. This requires the involvement of experts (i.e. persons widely recognised to be a reliable source of knowledge or have techniques or skills) who can share their expertise and knowledge with the wider community through the production of knowledge management (KM) documents (i.e. of domain insight (DI) and SoK; Knuuti et al., 2022). During the past 3 years, the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD) has gained valuable insights into the procedures of involving experts and knowledge sharing. These lessons can be useful for other organisations who want to engage knowledge providers in capturing the SoK in the field of RWM. The process of expert involvement for the KM document production (i.e. authorship and review) can be divided into the following three different steps: (1) identification and selection, (2) engagement, and (3) support. The major challenges identified when involving the knowledge providers (i.e., authors and reviewers of the KM documents) are the limited resources and the motivation of experts. Experts are in high demand and therefore often have limited resources available for taking on additional work. Thus, it is important to provide a clear description of the work that needs to be done and to outline any potential incentives for the expert to take part (e.g. providing a real benefit to end-users). Other factors are to stay flexible in the scheduling and in the processes, as experts may have limited availability, and then there is also financial compensation. Often, experts' employers cannot allow them to work without compensation. Building personal connections and trust over time can also help to encourage experts to participate. If the expert is asked to contribute to the EURAD KM programme by an esteemed colleague of many years, then this may lead to a greater commitment than from an open call for volunteers. Feedback on the process was collected through interviews with the experts and reviewers, workshops, conferences (e.g. annual events), personal communication, questionnaires, from the mid-term review of the KM programme, and from personal observations of the authors. Knowledge sharing encompasses various factors, including the organisational context, interpersonal and team characteristics, cultural and individual traits, and motivational factors (Wang and Noe, 2010). Identified motivational factors include recognition, building personal connections, building reputation, social obligation (e.g. request from a peer in the field, a friend, or a colleague), convenience (e.g. knowing the project), content of benefit (e.g. awareness), and social motivations (e.g. contributing to society). Moreover, experience has also shown that, regardless of the personal connection, face-to-face support for the experts is indispensable. Effective communication, openness, and a sense of collegiality, in addition to a climate of trust, are key elements for the creation of an engaging environment promoting tacit knowledge sharing. Furthermore, the engagement of experts can also be facilitated by providing high-quality examples of DI and SoK documents (e.g. see the EURAD Roadmap; Beattie et al., 2022). As the number of published documents increases, it is reasonable to assume that expert involvement will become easier. Overall, a good connection to experts is an important benefit for the EURAD KM programme. Strengthening the connection to the EURAD research work packages by establishing KM ambassadors facilitates the involvement of experts. Expert participation in upcoming initiatives should involve activities to promote and disseminate knowledge, in addition to updating the KM documents, as this is required as new knowledge emerges. By maintaining a high level of output from top experts, interested end-users will be attracted and trust in EURAD will be strengthened.

P2P transactions as a market innovation from a prosumer perspective: Level of potential involvement and behavioral incentives and disincentives of development

The development of sustainable energy not only initiates technological innovations but also affects organizational innovation. One of the manifestations of such intangible innovation is peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions used in prosumer energy trading. However, a crucial condition for the development of this market model is the willingness of participants to engage in this form of exchange. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this article is to identify the level of knowledge and potential involvement, as well as the incentives and disincentives for the development of the P2P market from the perspective of prosumers. To achieve this objective, the article uses the results of survey research conducted on a representative sample of 753 Polish prosumers. The analyses indicate that over half of the respondents are interested in and willing to participate in the P2P market. These prosumers are primarily motivated by the opportunity to minimize energy losses produced independently and the possibility of reducing fees (total energy consumption costs). On the other hand, the main barriers to the development of this form of market innovation in the energy sector are the need to dedicate additional time to settlements and transactions and a lack of confidence in state and regional institutions responsible for organizing such a market.

Gauging Incentive Values and Expectations (G.I.V.E.) among Blood Donors for Nonmonetary Incentives: Developing a Preference Elicitation Instrument through Qualitative Approaches in Shandong, China.

Blood donation rates remain suboptimal in China necessitating the reform of the current nonmonetary incentive system to motivate donors. This study aims to identify relevant attributes and levels for nonmonetary incentives in repeated blood donation and provide insights for the development of preference elicitation instruments. A qualitative research process was employed, including a literature review, in-depth interviews, attribute ranking, focus group discussions, and cognitive interviews, to identify potential nonmonetary incentives for blood donation. The identified attributes were then incorporated into a discrete choice experiment (DCE) study design. The comprehensibility and acceptability of the DCE questionnaire were assessed through cognitive interviews and a pilot study. Five nonmonetary incentive attributes were identified, including health examination, designated blood recipient, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts. The designated recipient of blood donation emerged as the most important motivator for future donations among the participants. The cognitive interviews and pilot study provided valuable feedback for refining the DCE questionnaire and ensuring its reliability. This study contributes to the understanding of nonmonetary incentives for blood donation and highlights the importance of designated blood recipients, health examination, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts as potential motivators. Moreover, it emphasizes the value of employing cognitive interviews and pilot studies in the development and refinement of DCE questionnaires, ultimately enhancing the reliability and validity of preference elicitation instruments.

How to boost the local trade of participatory guarantee system (PGS)-certified produce? A value chain perspective in Huánuco, Peru

To address issues of synthetic pesticides misuse, participatory guarantee systems (PGS) have been promoted as an inclusive certification mechanism in local value chains in many emerging economies. Most scientific studies and development programmes on PGS focus on operational aspects or supply side issues. On the contrary, demand side and the buying of PGS-certified produce have received far less attention. Our study contributes to this gap by applying a value chain perspective to identify potential incentives and obstacles to boost the trade of PGS-certified vegetables in Huánuco, central Peru. Using a mixed methods research approach, we map the value chain and describe actors' social practices and perceptions of synthetic pesticides. Our results show that the vegetable value chain is strongly dominated by local food and traditional (i.e. non-modern) distribution channels. We find that farmers, traders and consumers are aware of the health risks associated with synthetic pesticides, but note important mismatches between their perceptions on pesticide-free vegetables. Better collaboration and coordination among value chain actors, for instance under the form of a farmer cooperative and/or contracts with traders, may boost the trade of PGS-certified produce, but care should be paid to ensure regular supply of high-quality vegetables at a fair price.

A critical appraisal of traditional methods of construction progress monitoring

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the current construction progress monitoring (CPM) process in relation to the contractual obligations, how project management teams carry out this activity in the field and why teams continue to adopt the current method. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current monitoring process and its effectiveness, identify any shortcomings and propose recommendations for improvements that can lead to better project outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 construction management practitioners to explore their views on contractual requirements, traditional progress monitoring practices and advanced monitoring methods. Thematic analysis was used to identify existing processes, practices and incentives for advanced monitoring.FindingsStandard construction contracts mandate current progress monitoring practices, which often rely on manual, document-centric and labor-intensive methods, leading to slow and erroneous progress reporting and project delays. Key barriers to adopting advanced tools include rigid contractual clauses, lack of incentives and the absence of reliable automated tools. A holistic automated approach that covers the entire CPM process, from planning to claim management, is needed as a viable alternative to traditional practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings can inform researchers, stakeholders and decision-makers about the existing monitoring practices and contribute to enhancing project management practices.Originality/valueThe study identified contractually mandated progress monitoring processes, traditional methods of collecting, transferring, analyzing and dispensing progress-related information and potential incentives and points of departure towards technologically advanced methods.

Coercive Citation: Understanding the Problem and Working Toward a Solution

Academic publishing has faced numerous ethical challenges, but reviewer conflict of interest (COI) and potential associated coercive citation requests present an under-explored area of concern. Although we expect most reviewers act ethically, the drive for academics to increase their citation counts creates a potential incentive for reviewers to seek citations of their own work, presenting a potential reviewer COI. With citation counts serving as an important part of most university and journal rankings, the integrity of the research review process has far-reaching implications. This study analyzes journals’ communication to reviewers regarding coercive citation requests and COI in general, with 205 survey responses from editors of major management/marketing journals, and an assessment of a randomly selected subset of 30 leading journal websites. The vast majority of journals did not discuss reviewer coercive citation requests or COI, nor have any obvious processes to screen for it. We discuss the factors that foster an environment conducive to coercive citation requests and identify easily adoptable changes to review formats to address the problem. We also discuss the need to examine the triad of relationships among authors, reviewers, and editors, taking a systems approach. We encourage attention to balance of power as well as co-creation.

Policy incentives for smallholder adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices

There is a large and growing literature on the potential use of policy instruments for stimulating the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices amongst smallholders. The objective of this article is to review and understand how the array of potential policy incentives can serve as mechanisms for enhancing adoption and upscaling of potential CSA practices by small-scale farmers in low-income countries. The review follows a matrix approach capturing where specific CSA practices (rows) are supported by typical policy instruments (columns) for enhancing widespread adoption. We first identify six key CSA practices, namely water management, soil and nutrient management, crop tolerance to stress, agroforestry and intercropping, crop rotation and mixed systems, and pest and disease management. Then we discuss the impact of those typical policy instruments, namely market prices, taxes and subsidies, land rights, rural finance, training and information, and certification and labeling. The review finds that most studies on this subject have a rather narrow focus on functional properties of a specific policy instrument and a particular CSA practice, thereby ignoring substitution, complementary or conditional effects between policy measures and CSA practices. Consequently, previous studies identify few incentives, particularly effective on their own. Wider perspectives on impact pathways point to the importance of sequencing and scaling for enhancing farmers' CSA adoption. We therefore advocate for more integrated approaches that also consider indirect effects of policy instruments on CSA adoption and pursue their systematic anchoring through successful policies that enhance widespread adoption.

Analysis of Terminated Hand and Wrist-Related Clinical Trials

While clinical trials provide high-quality evidence guiding medical decision-making, early trial termination can result in both lost time and resources. Our purpose was to investigate the rate of and reasons for clinical trial termination for hand and wrist-related conditions and identify study characteristics associated with early trial termination. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was queried for all hand and wrist-related clinical trials. All terminated and completed trials were reviewed, with characteristics and reasons for termination recorded. Study characteristics included type, purpose, intervention assessed, enrollment, group allocation, blinding, trial phase, sponsor type, and geographic region. Chi-square test was used to identify associations between trial characteristics and terminated versus completed status. A total of 793 hand and wrist-related clinical trials were identified, with 77 trials (10%) terminated prior to completion. The most common reason for termination was "recruitment/retention difficulty," reported in 37 (48%) terminated trials. In comparing competed versus terminated trials, primary purpose (nonobservational studies), enrollment (<50 patients), and geographic region (North America) were all significantly more likely to be terminated. Terminated trials were more likely to have an intervention type investigating a specific device or drug. Early trial termination for hand and wrist-related conditions is common (10%), with patient recruitment and retention identified as the leading cause of termination. Trials involving potential commercial incentives (those investigating a device or drug) were associated with an increased rate of trial termination. An emphasis on patient enrollment during study design may aid in mitigating the most common cause of early clinical trial termination.

Economic incentives for capacity reductions on interconnectors in the day-ahead market

We consider a zonal international power market and investigate potential economic incentives for short-term reductions of transmission capacities on existing interconnectors by the responsible transmission system operators (TSOs). We show that if a TSO aims to maximize domestic total welfare, it often has an incentive to reduce the capacity on the interconnectors to neighboring countries. In contrast with the (limited) literature on this subject, which focuses on incentives through the avoidance of future balancing costs, we show that incentives can exist even if one ignores balancing and focuses solely on welfare gains in the day-ahead market itself. Our analysis consists of two parts. In the first part, we develop an analytical framework that explains why these incentives exist. In particular, we distinguish two mechanisms: one based on price differences with neighboring countries and one based on the domestic electricity price. In the second part, we perform numerical experiments using a model of the Northern-European power system, focusing on the Danish TSO. In 97% of the historical hours tested, we indeed observe economic incentives for capacity reductions, leading to significant welfare gains for Denmark and welfare losses for the system as a whole. We show that the potential for welfare gains greatly depends on the ability of the TSO to adapt interconnector capacities to short-term market conditions. Finally, we explore the extent to which the recently introduced European “70%-rule” can mitigate the incentives for capacity reductions and their welfare effects.

Autism and the draft mental health bill in England and Wales: Unintended consequences?

The Draft Mental Health Bill for England and Wales proposes a range of changes to the Mental Health Act 1983. Among these is a proposal to amend the definition of ‘Mental Disorder’, which would mean that people with a primary diagnosis of autism or learning disability would be excluded from most of the civil sections of the Act. If enacted, this will be the first occasion in English and Welsh law where a legal definition of autism is created. While we argue that there are inherent difficulties in creating legal definitions of clinical problems, this ‘legal Autism’ appears to be substantially disconnected from a clinical understanding of autism, and its breadth could potentially encompass conditions beyond those currently identified as autism. Moreover, numerous potential unwanted practical consequences may arise from these changes, partly because of uncertainty about the legal position of presentations that share features with autism, uncertainty about the process of assessment of ‘legal Autism’, and potential perverse incentives placed on local authorities. We argue that particular groups of people likely to be impacted by these changes are those who not only present with profound clinical impairments, but also who pose significant risks to others. We urge serious consideration is given to these issues in the legal debate of the Bill.

Augmented Legal Services

This article considers the opportunities of LegalTech in law firms. It assesses the long-term benefits of a commoditization of legal services and the progress that the industry has made in achieving this. It will become clear that the sector is still operating traditionally, mostly ignoring technological advancements. Thus, there ought to be an analysis of what is holding back the sector and individual firms. The focal points of this analysis will be connected systems, LegalTech providers and the risks of stasis. Finally, heed will be paid to the potential incentives which might assist in the greater adoption of LegalTech.&#x0D; Keywords: LegalTech; law in practice; access to justice; legal services; augmentation.

Customer loyalty in two sided markets: Rider multihoming in the United States rideshare market

Ridesharing services experience substantial multihoming on both sides of the platform (drivers and riders). With many riders checking multiple services, the services appear to suffer from a combination of a lack of differentiation as well as low multihoming costs. What factors drive satisfaction and customer loyalty in these markets, specifically the likelihood of singlehoming, has not yet been well established. Through a survey of 430 riders, we examine which demographics and use frequency are most closely associated with multihoming. Using a categorization of potential incentives for singlehoming, we show that that network bridging strategies (such as American Express and Lyft) may have an impact in reducing the prevalence of multihoming among riders. In-App Promotions and Incentive-based strategies, meanwhile, have shown to have the opposite results, showing an increased tendency to multihome in riders that utilize them.

Unpleasant surprises? Debt relief and risk of sovereign default

PurposeThe Covid-19 pandemic has rekindled interest in sovereign debt crises amidst calls for debt relief for developing and emerging countries. But has debt relief lessened the debt burdens of emerging and developing economies? The purpose of this paper is to empirically address this question. In particular, the focus is on the implications of debt relief and institutional qualities for sovereign debt in emerging and developing economies.Design/methodology/approachThe model extends the framework on the probability of default by incorporating the receipt of debt relief by a debtor country. Doing so allows to better explain movements of sovereign defaults relating to debt relief. The model is estimated via the regular probit regression.FindingsThe analysis shows that the debt relief provided, thus, far, failed to ease the debt overhang problems of developing and emerging countries and reduced investment. The current debt relief schemes may underscore the prospects of self-enforcing and self-fulfilling sovereign debt crises rather than eliminating the dilemma completely. Regarding the forms of debt relief, the analysis shows that debt forgiveness offers favourable prospects in terms of debt sustainability and economic outcomes than debt rescheduling. Perhaps, the sovereign debt crises, particularly in low-income countries, hinge on insolvency problems rather than transitory illiquidity issues.Practical implicationsAny debt relief mechanism should consider seriously the potential incentive effect that reinforces expectations of future debt-relief initiatives. Importantly, solving the sovereign debt problem requires a programme for sustained investment and economic growth, while not discounting the critical role of prudent debt management policies and institutions.Originality/valueThis study contributes a different angle to the debate on sovereign debt distress. Aside from the structural and economic factors, this study investigates the role of debt management policy in the debtor nation and the implications of debt relief benefits for sovereign risk. The framework also focuses on whether the different forms of debt relief exert distinctive impacts.

Research of the effectiveness of the system of legal regulation of tax relations for operations with cryptocurrency currently in force

The article deals with the national practicies of direct and indirect taxation of income from cryptoassets in some countries of the world, including Russia, France, Italy, USA, Great Britain, etc. The authors study various approaches to the concept of cryptocurrency for the purposes of fiscal management: macroeconomic, cost, accounting, legal and institutional approaches. According to the authors position cryptocurrencies for tax reasons should be treated as a property and means of payment. Therefore, any income in cryptocurrencies received by taxpayers should be subject to personal income tax or corporate income tax, respectively. The recognition of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment (that is, private money) leads to the need to exempt taxpayers from paying value added tax in cases where cryptocurrencies perform these monetary functions in transactions performed by taxpayers, in particular, they perform the function of a means of payment. Payment of taxes on income of taxpayers received in cryptocurrencies can be carried out both in cryptocurrencies and in national (fiat) currencies. It is permissible to establish a tax declaration of transactions for cryptocurrency. The foundations of the legal regime of taxation of digital currencies in the Russian Federation have been formed. The problems of introducing effective taxation of cryptocurrency transactions in the Russian Federation are identified, as well as changes to tax legislation are proposed, in particular, clarification of the range of objects that can be classified as “digital currency”, synchronization with the law on digital financial assets, determining the tax base and implementing tax control of transactions with cryptocurrency. As the study showed, the approaches to indirect taxation are the most unified. Tax regulation is a potential incentive to reduce the speculative interest of participants in transactions with cryptocurrencies and increase the transparency of taxation of cryptocurrencies.

JUDICIAL, LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AS MANIFESTATIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL ALTERATION OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM

The article highlights the essence, concept and structure of judicial and legal reform. At the same time, among the components of such a reform, objects, subjects and legal relations are singled out. We believe that the constitutional reform, which also provides for the implementation of alteration processes, has a similar structure. Taking into account the provisions of fundamental science, it is recommended to consider alteration in the public administration system as a set of processes related to the implementation of structural, functional and other institutional changes. It was revealed that in Ukraine judicial, legal and constitutional reforms are still ongoing, accordingly, the processes of alteration within the framework of these reforms are not completed and the achievement of the set goal is not ensured. In this context, measures are proposed for the completion of such reforms, which involve the institutional modernization of the public administration system, taking into account external and internal factors influencing the reform process, preserving the cornerstone constitutional principles, observing global trends in prioritizing the provision of public, political, economic and social human rights. It is emphasized that today the completion of judicial, legal and constitutional reforms is hindered by external aggression against Ukraine. However, such a negative external influence is recognized as a potential incentive for a complex institutional transformation of the public administration system, taking into account Ukraine's Euro integration aspirations.

Challenges and prospects for energy efficiency development in residential buildings

The multifamily housing stock in Russia has a high degree of wear and tear, low energy efficiency, and inadequate maintenance, which leads to over-consumption of energy resources. High energy intensity is related to the fact that energy equipment is obsolete, high heat and energy losses during transportation occur, energy is spent by enterprises and population unreasonably, buildings and constructions have high heat losses. The main reasons for the efficient use of energy in the building sector is to reduce the heating and hot water costs of building owners, improve the indoor climate of buildings, save taxpayers' money in order to use the saved funds in other areas, introduce energy efficient and renewable energy technologies, improve the air quality, reduce the negative impact on the environment and climate change Based on the above mentioned, the article examines the aspects of energy efficiency of residential buildings, namely identifying the problems of energy efficiency, the main parameters of the state programme of energy efficiency of residential and public buildings. An example of potential incentives, comprehensive and reasonable use of incentives, which can change the current situation in the shortest possible time, is presented.

Increasing Access to Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: an Assessment of Provider Incentives.

Primary care providers (PCPs) are essential to increasing access to office-based buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder (B-MOUD). Barriers to B-MOUD prescribing are well-documented, but there is little information regarding incentives to overcome these barriers. To identify optimal incentives for PCPs to promote B-MOUD prescribing and compare incentive preferences across provider and practice characteristics. We surveyed PCPs using best-worst scaling (BWS) to prioritize seven potential incentives for B-MOUD prescribing (monetary compensation, paid vacation, protected time, professional development, reduced workload, service recognition, clinical resources). We then used a direct elicitation approach to determine preferred incentive levels (e.g., monetary thresholds) and types (e.g., specific clinical resources). Primary care physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) at a large Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system. B-MOUD prescribing incentive preferences and relative preference levels using descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression with relative importance scale transformation (coefficients sum to 100, higher coefficient=greater importance). Fifty-three PCPs responded (73% response), including 47% APPs and 36% from community-based clinics. Reduced workload (relative importance score=26.8), protected time (18.7), and clinical resources (16.8) were significantly more preferred (Ps < 0.001) than professional development (10.5), paid vacation (10.3), or service recognition (1.5). Relative importance of monetary compensation varied between physicians (12.6) and APPs (17.5) and between PCPs located at a medical center (11.4) versus community clinic (22.3). APPs were more responsive than physicians to compensation increases of $5000 and $12,000 but less responsive to $25,000; trends were similar for medical center versus community clinic PCPs. The most frequently requested clinical resource was on-demand consult access to an addiction specialist. Interventions promoting workload reductions, protected time, and clinical resources could increase access to B-MOUD in primary care. Monetary incentives may be additionally needed to improve B-MOUD prescribing among APPs and within community clinics.

Evolutionary dynamics of homeowners’ energy-efficiency retrofit decision-making in complex network

Understanding homeowners' energy-efficiency retrofit (EER) decision-making is a critical priority for reducing the adverse environmental impacts of the building sector and promoting a sustainable consumption transition. Existing research lacks attention to the dynamics and social interactions in the decision-making process of homeowner EER adoption. This paper applies the complex network-based evolutionary game approach with agent-based modeling to construct an evolutionary dynamics model for homeowners’ EER adoption decision-making. Through simulation experiments, this paper examines the effects of various key factors, including government incentives, retrofit costs, retrofit uncertainty, and network size, on the evolution of EER adoption. The results suggest that government incentives facilitate EER adoption, but their effects require a sufficiently long period of policy implementation and extensive social interaction to be realized. Reducing retrofit costs is a robust and effective way to encourage EER adoption, especially when uncertainty is high. Retrofit uncertainty has a significant impact on the adoption evolution. Increased uncertainty can hinder adoption decisions. In particular, the combination of high uncertainty and incentives is prone to lead to incentive failure. The increase in network size contributes to EER adoption, but attention needs to be paid to the impact of potential incentive redundancy in large-scale networks.