Potential Interactions Research Articles

Study of electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of astro molecule H2S

Abstract The elastic, integrated, momentum transfer, viscosity, energy-dependent, and differential cross-sections and the Sherman function for electron and positron H2S scattering are reported at impact energies ranging from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The average orientations of the polar molecule H2S are considered, and the electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of H2S are typically calculated using single scattering-independent atom approximation. The relativistic Dirac equation is solved using the free atom optical potential, which includes the electrostatic interaction potential, exchange potential, correlation polarization potential, and imaginary absorption potential. The present computed cross-section results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical results, and a reasonable agreement is observed.

Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a critical review.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used medications for gastrointestinal disorders. Recent research suggests a potential association between long-term PPI use and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, creating a complex clinical dilemma. This review critically evaluates the current evidence for this association, considering the limitations of observational studies and the lack of definitive confirmation from randomized controlled trials.This review delves into the reported association between PPIs and adverse CV events, examining proposed mechanisms such as drug interactions, electrolyte imbalances induced by PPIs and their potential impact on cardiac and vascular function. Evidence suggests these mechanisms converge, with varying influence depending on patient populations.Clinicians require a risk-benefit analysis for each patient considering their CV risk profile. Alternative gastrointestinal therapies should be explored for high-bleeding risk patients. Medications with lower cytochrome-P450 interaction potential may be preferable among essential PPI users. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PPIs might influence CV health, assessing long-term vascular effects and investigating interactions with newer anticoagulant medications are crucial for future research.

ZNF512B binds RBBP4 via a variant NuRD interaction motif and aggregates chromatin in a NuRD complex-independent manner.

The evolutionarily conserved histone variant H2A.Z plays a crucial role in various DNA-based processes, but the mechanisms underlying its activity are not completely understood. Recently, we identified the zinc finger (ZF) protein ZNF512B as a protein associated with H2A.Z, HMG20A and PWWP2A. Here, we report that high levels of ZNF512B expression lead to nuclear protein and chromatin aggregation foci that form in a manner that is dependent on the ZF domains of ZNF512B. Notably, we demonstrate ZNF512B binding to the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. We discover a conserved amino acid sequence within ZNF512B that resembles the NuRD-interaction motif (NIM) previously identified in FOG-1 and other transcriptional regulators. By solving the crystal structure of this motif bound to the NuRD component RBBP4 and by applying several biochemical and biophysical assays, we demonstrate that this internal NIM is both necessary and sufficient for robust and high-affinity NuRD binding. Transcriptome analyses and reporter assays identify ZNF512B as a repressor of gene expression that can act in both NuRD-dependent and -independent ways. Our study might have implications for diseases in which ZNF512B expression is deregulated, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and hints at the existence of more proteins as potential NuRD interactors.

Cross-fertilisation between spatial planning and territorial cohesion: lessons from the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the literature on the territorial dimension of EU Cohesion Policy and spatial planning in EU Member States. It offers a perspective on these debates by focusing on the case study of the Czech Republic which exemplifies the group of countries being the main beneficiaries of Cohesion Policy. Building on interviews, document analyses and interactive workshops, the barriers and potentials for cross-fertilisation between Cohesion Policy and spatial planning are identified. Upon this background, concrete policies are recommended. Therefore, the paper goes a step further by explaining why the problem occurs and what can be done about it.

Теорія фантомізації радіозображень РСА: базові відомості та обґрунтування розмірів ділянки фантомізації

The article's subject of study is the creation of the foundations of the theory of the formation of false elements in the images of aerospace radio vision systems by injecting informational signs of objects absent on the underlying surface. The goal is to substantiate the dimensions of the subsurface areas on which it is possible to simulate objects with different methods of viewing the exploring area from the aerospace radar carrier. Task: to develop the geometry of the problem, which will reflect the interaction between the radar with the synthesis of the Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and the radar of phantomization (FR); to develop a general structural diagram of the FR; determine the main parameters, taking into account which will allow planning an "interaction" session between the SAR and the FR; to determine the sizes of the underlying surface areas, where it is possible to provide phantomization of radio images formed by SAR with different methods of examination. The methods used are mathematical and functional analysis, navigation, and remote sensing. The following results were obtained. The geometry of the problem of the interaction between the SAR and the FR was defined; it allowed us to calculate the interaction time between the systems and to establish the law of change of the distance between them at any placement of the SAR in orbit. The influence of the interposition of the considered systems on the expected shape of the SAR sounding signal and the size of the area on which the problem of radio image phantomization arises has been investigated. Examples of calculations of the specified parameters for various types of exploring of the earth's surface by radar from an aerospace carrier are given. Conclusions. The article summarizes and develops the theory of phantom radio images constructed using SAR. The obtained results establishing the dependence between the phantomization geometry and such parameters as the potential and actual time of interaction between the systems, the envelope of the bundle of received radio pulses, and the number of separation bands by range are important for further research in this direction, which at the moment it is advisable to focus on solving the optimization problem phantomization of separate blocks of the radar and determining the conditions for planning the processes of injecting objects into the transmitter signal and into the radio image formed by the SAR.

Risk of Opioid Overdose Associated with Concomitant Use of Methadone and Statins.

Methadone has a high potential for risky drug-drug interactions that can lead to opioid overdose, yet evidence on the magnitude of this risk remains limited. Since methadone is transported via P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the use of statins that inhibit P-gp may elevate methadone plasma concentrations, potentially leading to opioid overdose. We explored this hypothesis by examining whether concomitant use of methadone and P-gp-inhibiting statins was associated with opioid overdose. Using Medicaid claims data from 2003 to 2020, we conducted a cohort study among new concomitant users of methadone and statins. We compared overdose rates among individuals exposed to P-gp-inhibiting statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, or lovastatin) vs. those exposed to rosuvastatin (negative control), adjusting for baseline covariates. We identified 69,263 individuals newly exposed to methadone and a statin of interest; the overall incidence rate of opioid overdose was 26.0 per 1,000 person-years. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for methadone + P-gp-inhibiting statins consistently showed no association, ranging from 0.76 (95% CI = 0.48-1.22) for atorvastatin to 0.78 (95% CI = 0.50-1.22) for simvastatin, compared with methadone + rosuvastatin. Similar results were observed in sensitivity analysis that treated all P-gp-inhibiting statins as a single exposure group, as well as analyses stratified by baseline diagnosis of opioid use disorder or overdose, the duration of baseline methadone use, and calendar year intervals. Our findings suggest that concomitant use of methadone with simvastatin, atorvastatin, or lovastatin is not associated with the risk of opioid overdose compared to concomitant use of methadone and rosuvastatin.

Structural change in city systems evolution

AbstractThis paper analyzes city system dynamics, based on a theoretical framework relating interaction potentials to agglomeration economies and density externalities. It employs new historical time series data on population size of cities in Sweden over two centuries (1810–2010) and introduces two schematic growth factors: (i) the intra-city potential and (ii) the extra-city potential located in in rings encircling each city. The first factor is measured by each city’s population size, while the second is a vector of distance-discounted population size for each of a city’s urban rings. In this way, we can explain a city’s growth as a function of its interaction potential inside the city, as well as inside the first, second hand third ring. A robust finding is that cities with large ring potentials follow different development paths than those with small ring potentials. We also find clear evidence of structural change between the two centuries 1810–1910 and 1910–2010. In the first period, city growth is positively impacted by the size of the intra-city potential, whereas the same potential dampens or reduces the growth in the second period. Moreover, the ring potentials outside the city tend to switch from having negative growth stimulation in the first period to having positive stimulation in the second period.

Determination of the Ion—Solid Interaction Potential from the Experiment and Its Influence on the Profiles of Implanted Particles

Based on the analysis of the angular distributions of particles passing through thin gold films, the parameters of the potential that best describes the experiment are obtained. The resulting potential differs from the potential describing collisions in the gaseous phase by a noticeable change in the screening constant. The influence of the collision energy, the choice of potential, and the model of electron bremsstrahlung on the depth distribution of implanted particles is analyzed.

Two particles in one-dimensional confinement: the role of mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle within short and long range interactions

Abstract We consider the problem of two interacting particles in one-dimensional harmonic confinement. By considering both particles are subject to the same harmonic curvature, we obtain exact numerical solutions in a straightforward way for any choice of interaction potential. The formulation is then applied in the situations of ({\it i}) non-identical particles with different masses $m_1$ and $m_2$; ({\it ii}) bosons and fermions; ({\it iii}) short and long range interactions; and ({\it iv}) combining all these ingredients within a time-dependent applied electric field. We analyze the role of the mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle by investigating the formation of bound pairs, the expected value of the separation between the particles and the effects of interaction and exclusion principle on the density distributions.

Molecular Simulations of Thermal Transport across Iron Oxide-Hydrocarbon Interfaces.

The rational design of dielectric fluids for immersion cooling of batteries requires a molecular-level understanding of the heat flow across the battery casing/dielectric fluid interface. Here, we use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to quantify the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between hematite and poly-α-olefin (PAO), which are representative of the outer surface of the steel battery casing and a synthetic hydrocarbon dielectric fluid, respectively. After identifying the most suitable force fields to model the thermal properties of the individual components, we then compared different solid-liquid interaction potentials for the calculation of the ITR. These potentials resulted in a wide range of ITR values (4-21 K m2 GW-1), with stronger solid-liquid interactions leading to lower ITR. The increase in ITR is correlated with an increase in density of the fluid layer closest to the surface. Since the ITR has not been experimentally measured for the hematite/PAO interface, we validate the solid-liquid interaction potential using the work of adhesion calculated using the dry-surface method. The work of adhesion calculations from the simulations were compared to those derived from experimental contact angle measurements for PAO on steel. We find that all of the solid-liquid potentials overestimate the experimental work of adhesion. The experiments and simulations can only be reconciled by further reducing the strength of the interfacial interactions. This suggests some screening of the solid-liquid interactions, which may be due to the presence of an interfacial water layer between PAO and steel in the contact angle experiments. Using the solid-liquid interaction potential that reproduces the experimental work of adhesion, we obtain a higher ITR (33 K m2 GW-1), suggesting inefficient thermal transport. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for NEMD simulations to improve understanding of the nanoscale thermal transport across industrially important interfaces. This study represents an important step toward the rational design of more effective fluids for immersion cooling systems for electric vehicles and other applications where thermal management is of high importance.

Gaze behavior in response to affect during natural social interactions.

Attention in social interactions is directed by social cues such as the face or eye region of an interaction partner. Several factors that influence these attentional biases have been identified in the past. However, most findings are based on paradigms with static stimuli and no interaction potential. Therefore, the current study investigated the influence of one of these factors, namely facial affect in natural social interactions using an evaluated eye-tracking setup. In a sample of 35 female participants, we examined how individuals' gaze behavior responds to changes in the facial affect of an interaction partner trained in affect modulation. Our goal was to analyze the effects on attention to facial features and to investigate their temporal dynamics in a natural social interaction. The study results, obtained from both aggregated and dynamic analyses, indicate that facial affect has only subtle influences on gaze behavior during social interactions. In a sample with high measurement precision, these findings highlight the difficulties of capturing the subtleties of social attention in more naturalistic settings. The methodology used in this study serves as a foundation for future research on social attention differences in more ecologically valid scenarios.

HASTF: a hybrid attention spatio-temporal feature fusion network for EEG emotion recognition.

EEG-based emotion recognition has gradually become a new research direction, known as affective Brain-Computer Interface (aBCI), which has huge application potential in human-computer interaction and neuroscience. However, how to extract spatio-temporal fusion features from complex EEG signals and build learning method with high recognition accuracy and strong interpretability is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a hybrid attention spatio-temporal feature fusion network for EEG-based emotion recognition. First, we designed a spatial attention feature extractor capable of merging shallow and deep features to extract spatial information and adaptively select crucial features under different emotional states. Then, the temporal feature extractor based on the multi-head attention mechanism is integrated to perform spatio-temporal feature fusion to achieve emotion recognition. Finally, we visualize the extracted spatial attention features using feature maps, further analyzing key channels corresponding to different emotions and subjects. Our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods on two public datasets, SEED and DEAP. The recognition accuracy are 99.12% ± 1.25% (SEED), 98.93% ± 1.45% (DEAP-arousal), and 98.57% ± 2.60% (DEAP-valence). We also conduct ablation experiments, using statistical methods to analyze the impact of each module on the final result. The spatial attention features reveal that emotion-related neural patterns indeed exist, which is consistent with conclusions in the field of neurology. The experimental results show that our method can effectively extract and fuse spatial and temporal information. It has excellent recognition performance, and also possesses strong robustness, performing stably across different datasets and experimental environments for emotion recognition.

MXene/rGO piezoresistive sensor based on Longan leaves’ hierarchical microstructure for human-motion detection

Flexible pressure sensors exhibit great application potential in wearable devices, human-computer interaction, medical monitoring and other fields and thereby have attracted much attention. However, a common challenge in piezoresistive sensors is the trade-off between sensing range and sensitivity, which limits their versatility across various applications. By employing Longan leaf as a hierarchical microstructure template, the sensing range and sensitivity can be significantly improved at low cost, based on fractal theory. MXene was used as the sensing material, and a systematic study was conducted concerning the effect of MXene concentration on the sensor's sensitivity and detection range, which revealed that the sensitivity firstly increased and then decreased with MXene concentration ranging from 5 mg/mL to 30 mg/mL. Furthermore, based on the solution method to prepare composite sensing layer, MXene and rGO were mixed in proportion to obtain a sensing network that can coordinate with each other. When the volume ratio was 1:1, and the concentration of MXene was up to 15 mg/mL, the fabricated sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (47.36 kPa−1) and wide detection range (>100 kPa) at the same time. In addition, the sensor was successfully used to monitor various human joint activities and physiological signals, which was also expected to provide a competitive scheme for wearable flexible electronic devices in human-motion detection.

REGRESSION AND CLASSIFICATION MODELS FOR HUMAN AGE PREDICTION

This study aims to enhance automated age prediction from facial images, a task with significant potential in security, law enforcement, and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). While age estimation has seen progress, it remains a challenging problem due to the diverse factors influencing facial aging, such as genetics, environment, lifestyle, and facial expressions. These variations result in individuals of the same chronological age looking markedly different. Most existing age estimation methods rely on computationally intensive pre-trained models, often treated as "black boxes" with predefined input sizes and limited flexibility. To address these limitations, we propose using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for age prediction. Our approach combines classification and regression techniques to predict age more accurately. We applied our model to publicly available datasets, including FGNET, Adience, APPA-REAL, UTKFace, and All-Age-Face, encompassing images from constrained and unconstrained environments. The proposed CNN model was evaluated against existing pre-trained models, demonstrating comparable performance in age prediction tasks. Both classification and regression results underscored the model's accuracy, offering additional benefits in reduced computational complexity, increased flexibility, and adaptability. This study introduces a CNN-based approach as a viable alternative to pre-trained models for automated age prediction. It offers competitive accuracy while addressing critical limitations of current models, such as computational demands and lack of flexibility, thus contributing a more efficient solution for age estimation tasks in various real-world applications.

Model and Energy Bounds for a Two-Dimensional System of Electrons Localized in Concentric Rings.

We study a two-dimensional system of interacting electrons confined in equidistant planar circular rings. The electrons are considered spinless and each of them is localized in one ring. While confined to such ring orbits, each electron interacts with the remaining ones by means of a standard Coulomb interaction potential. The classical version of this two-dimensional quantum model can be viewed as representing a system of electrons orbiting planar equidistant concentric rings where the kinetic energy may be discarded when one is searching for the lowest possible energy. Within this framework, the lowest possible energy of the system is the one that minimizes the total Coulomb interaction energy. This is the equilibrium energy that is numerically determined with high accuracy by using the simulated annealing method. This process allows us to obtain both the equilibrium energy and position configuration for different system sizes. The adopted semi-classical approach allows us to provide reliable approximations for the quantum ground state energy of the corresponding quantum system. The model considered in this work represents an interesting problem for studies of low-dimensional systems, with echoes that resonate with developments in nanoscience and nanomaterials.

Opportunity in lost spaces: Exploring the potential of edible landscapes in viaduct underpasses

This paper introduces the concept of edible landscapes to underutilized spaces in viaduct underpasses to explore their untapped potential. Using a case study approach that involves on-site observations, questionnaires, and photographic documentation, this study will document the characteristics of 29 space nodes beneath 18 viaducts and along their routes in Guangzhou’s Tianhe District. It analyzes user behavior and aspirations to activate the underutilized spaces of the viaduct underpass, optimizing their residual space, and enhancing their interactive potential. Furthermore, the paper proposes targeted design strategies for the rejuvenation and sustainable management of these underappreciated urban lost spaces. This study has two primary contributions. Firstly, it enhances the conceptual understanding of the lost spaces located in the viaduct underpass. Secondly, it investigates potential approaches and the benefits of utilizing these spaces for edible landscape development within the urban environment of Tianhe district in Guangzhou city.

Mountain pass frozen planet orbits in the helium atom model

We seek frozen planet orbits for the helium atom through an application of the mountain pass lemma to the Lagrangian action functional. Our method applies to a wide class of gravitational-like interaction potentials, thus generalising the results in Cieliebak, Frauenfelder, and Volkov [Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré C Anal. Non Linéaire 40 (2023), 379–455]. We also let the charges of the two electrons tend to zero and perform an asymptotic analysis to prove convergence to a limit trajectory having a collision-reflection singularity between the electrons.

Leveraging HILIC/ERLIC Separations for Online Nanoscale LC-MS/MS Analysis of Phosphopeptide Isoforms from RNA Polymerase II C-terminal Domain.

The eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) multi-protein complex transcribes mRNA and coordinates several steps of co-transcriptional mRNA processing and chromatin modification. The largest Pol II subunit, Rpb1, has a C-terminal domain (CTD) comprising dozens of repeated heptad sequences (Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7), each containing five phospho-accepting amino acids. The CTD heptads are dynamically phosphorylated, creating specific patterns correlated with steps of transcription initiation, elongation, and termination. This CTD phosphorylation 'code' choreographs dynamic recruitment of important co-regulatory proteins during gene transcription. Genetic tools were used to engineer protease cleavage sites across the CTD (msCTD), creating tryptic peptides with unique sequences amenable to mass spectrometry analysis. However, phosphorylation isoforms within each msCTD sequence are difficult to resolve by standard reversed phase chromatography typically used for LC-MS/MS applications. Here, we use a panel of synthetic CTD phosphopeptides to explore the potential of hydrophilic interaction and electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction (HILIC and ERLIC) chromatography as alternatives to reversed phase separation for CTD phosphopeptide analysis. Our results demonstrate that ERLIC provides improved performance for separation of singly- and doubly-phosphorylated CTD peptides for sequence analysis by LC-MS/MS. Analysis of native yeast msCTD confirms that phosphorylation on Ser5 and Ser2 represents the major endogenous phosphoisoforms. We expect this methodology will be especially useful in the investigation of pathways where multiple protein phosphorylation events converge in close proximity.

Predictive Production of a New Highly Soluble Glucoside, Corylin-7-O-β-Glucoside with Potent Anti-inflammatory and Anti-melanoma Activities.

Computational tools can now facilitate screening precursors and selecting suitable biotransformation enzymes for producing new bioactive compounds. This study applied the data-mining approach to screen for candidate precursors of glycosyltransferases to produce new glucosides from 412 commercial natural compounds. Among five candidates, experimental results showed that only corylin could be glycosylated by the bacterial glycosyltransferase, BsUGT489. Analysis of interaction potential between candidates and glycosyltransferase by molecular docking tools also found that corylin was the only compatible substrate. The new glucoside was purified and confirmed to be corylin-7-O-β-glucoside. The aqueous solubility of corylin-7-O-β-glucoside was 14.2 times more than its precursor aglycone, corylin. Corylin-7-O-β-glucoside retained anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, with an IC50 value of 121.1 ± 9.5µM. Further, corylin-7-O-β-glucoside exhibited more potent anti-melanoma activity against murine B16 and human A2058 melanoma cells than corylin. Together, predictive studies facilitate the production of a new glucoside, corylin-7-O-β-glucoside, which is highly soluble and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-melanoma activities and therefore has promising future applications in pharmacology.

Enlarged Curvature, Torsion and Torque in Helical Conformations and the Stability and Growth of α-Peptide under the Isochoric and Isobaric Conditions: Variatonal Optimization

The torsional deformation behavior of an elastic bar with a circular cross-section was investigated by applying invariant dyadic analysis, where the small finite displacement functions advocated by Saint-Venant (1855) were fully employed. It was found that the previously overlooked circumferential shear force field generated by pure torsion on the side walls of a bar produces an unusual torque term induced by the skew-symmetric part of the deformation tensor and exhibits quadratic length dependence along the z-axis of the bar. The adaptation of this torque term for a helical conformation of α-peptides creates moments acting on the circular cross-sections and is directed along the surface normal of circular cross-sections, which coincides with the tangent vector of the helix. The projection of this torque along the z-axis of the helix varies quadratically with the azimuthal angle. The radial component of the unusual torque, which also lies along the principal normal vector of the helix, starts to perform a precession motion by tracking a spiral orbit around the z-axis, whereas its apex angle decreases asymptotically with the azimuthal angle and finally reaches a finite value depending on the height of the helix along the z-axis. The ordinary torque terms, which are also deduced from the self- and anti-self-conjugate parts of the deformation tensor, have magnitudes half that of the full torque term reported in the literature. The present results were applied to the helical conformation of α-peptides designated by {3.611} to show that the mechanical stability of strained open-ended helical conformations can be successfully achieved by spontaneous readjustments of the surface and bulk Helmholtz free energies under isothermal isochoric conditions. It has been demonstrated that the main contribution to the mechanical stability of α-peptide 3.611 cannot come alone from the electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction potential of the anti-align excess dipole pairs but also from the surface Helmholtz free energy, which is characterized by a binding free energy of -15.5 eV/molecule (-32.56 Kcal/mole) for an alpha-peptide composed of 11 amino acid residues with a critical arc length of approximately 10 nm, assuming that the shear modulus is G = 1GPa and the surface Helmholtz specific free energy density is fs = 800 erg/cm2. This result was in excellent agreement with the experimental observations of the AH-1 conformation of (Glu)n Cys at pH 8. The present theory indicates that only two excess permanent anti-align dipole pairs for one α-Helical peptide molecule is requirement to stabilize the whole secondary structure of the protein that is exposed to heavy torsional deformation during the folding processes which amounts to 7.75 eV/molecule stored electrostatic energy compared to the interfacial Helmholtz free energy of -23.25 eV/molecule, which is exposed to hydrophobic environments.