Potential For Future Production Research Articles

A multidimensional study for design functional foods: Chemical profiling, antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic effects of Alkanna tubulosa extracts

This study focuses on the extraction of plant species Alkanna tubulosa growing in Turkey, using solvents of different polarities (ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and determining their chemical composition and biological activity. The extracts were subjected to qualitative LC-MS/MS analyses, which resulted in the identification of even 50 different secondary metabolites in some extracts. The existence of total phenols and flavonoids was determined. of total phenols and flavonoids was determined. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by various in vitro assays, as well as the enzyme inhibitory capacity against cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, as well as human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was also examined. The results showed that the ethanol/water extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity (225.55 mg TE/g extract in ABTS and 381.14 mg TE/g extract in CUPRAC), probably due to the high total phenol (105.17 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (20.12 mg RE/g extract) content, while the ethanol extract showed the strongest enzyme inhibitory potential. These chemical and biological findings provide valuable insights for potential future products based on the A. tubulosa extracts which could be used in various industries.

A Review on Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Dioecious Cucurbits

No vegetable group in India is as diverse as the cucurbits. They are adapted to diverse soil and climate condition and contribute significantly to total vegetable production. Dioecious cucurbits cultivation merge with trellising, staking, mulching, application of biofertilizers and growth regulators hold immense potential and promise for future vegetable production and market in our country. Biofertilizer can be defined as a substance which contains living organisms which, when applied to seed, plant surface, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or interior of the plant, and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers are an chief component of integrated nutrient management system for sustainable agriculture and along with chemical fertilizers. Studies suggest that cultivation of dioecious cucurbits along with chemical and organic fertilizers gives immense result on account of yield and productivity. Our country possesses a rich diversity like spine gourd, ivy gourd, bitter gourd, sweet gourd, pointed gourd and has ideal climate and soil to cultivate these cucurbits. Mostly these miner cucurbits are largely grown or wild gathered and sold in the market by small and marginal farmers. Hence promotion of these cucurbits holds key to ensuring livelihood security and income generation for to the tribal’s, marginal and small farmers in remote rural regions. Dioecious cucurbits mainly possess different important chemical compounds which can be used in nutraceuticals industries. These cucurbits has the potential to act as a source of income generation for rural farmers as they have immense market potential. These cucurbits need strong research support for better production and utilization.

Keratin-based bioplastics extracted from chicken feathers: Effect of chitosan concentration on the structural, chemical bonding, and mechanical properties of bioplastics

Keratin was synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis from chicken feathers and then continue by casting method for producing bioplastics with additional various amounts of chitosan as a filler, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as a plasticizer. The main purpose is analysis the effect of chitosan on the structural properties using quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, chemical bonding by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra, and mechanical properties by texture analyser to the keratin-based bioplastics. Biodegradation of bioplastics was analysed from the loss of weight by burying in the soil. It's found that, the additional of chitosan (0 %, 2 %, 5 %, and 8 %) increased the crystallinity of bioplastics by 11.83 %, 11.12 %, 18.99 %, and 17.03 %, respectively, but decreasing tensile strength and elasticity of bioplastics. Degradation of bioplastic keratin-based shows that the addition of chitosan can reduce the degradation time which is directly proportional to the loss of CO bonds. The highest degradation rate is 89.29 % in 49 days for keratin-based bioplastics with 8 % chitosan, indicated that high potential for future production.

Lipoic Acid Ligase A‐Mediated Ligation: Mechanism, Applications, and Emerging Innovations in Bioconjugation

AbstractThis review outlines the latest findings on bioconjugation using lipoic acid ligase A (LplA), a key enzyme that allows the introduction of new functional groups into biomolecules. LplA functions via a characteristic mechanism of covalently binding orthologous lipoic acid derivatives in vivo to a specific 13 amino acid sequence called the LplA acceptor peptide (LAP). This unique functionality has enabled a wide range of applications, including cell‐surface modification, protein immobilization, fluorescent labeling of antibodies. Recently, the modification of proteins without LAP sequences has been demonstrated, suggesting their potential for future biopharmaceutical production. Although several review articles on enzyme ligation have been published, research on LplA remains limited. This review attempts to fill this gap by introducing LplA based on its mechanism, applications, and recent research reports.

Carnauba Straw as Feedstock for Solid Biofuel Production

Carnauba straw (<em>Copernicia prunifera</em>), residual biomass derived from wax extraction, was evaluated as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. The characterization was carried out using elemental analysis, proximate analysis, Higher Heating Value (HHV), FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and FRX. The carbonization, using a Muffle Furnace, was applied as a thermal conversion technique to improve the fixed carbon content, and preliminary densification was done to assess the potential for future production of briquettes. The C, H, N, O, and S percentages were 44.43%, 5.34%, 2.25%, 46.17%, and 1.81%, respectively. The percentage of fixed carbon (14.17%) increased to 31.10% (250°C) and 35.68% (300°C) after carbonization. At 400°C, the HHV presented a decrease of 9.62%, and ash content increased by 177.66%. FTIR spectra showed bands characteristic of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin at 3414 - 3393 cm<sup>-1</sup> (O-H) and decrease of absorbance of 74.01% to 81.37% after carbonization; 1738 – 1603 cm<sup>-1</sup> (C=O), with reduction in the order of 73.94% to 78.31%, and 48.97% to 73.76%, when compared to the absorbances of the biomass in nature. The SEM of the carnauba straw in nature presented the main structural components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose). After carbonization, evidence of degradation and coal formation was observed, which corroborates with the decrease in the HHV and increase of ash. The FRX was inserted in the SEM images, and the elements detected were Ca, K, and S. The quantities and order of abundance in biomass natural and carbonized were compatible with other biomasses used as biofuel. The carnauba straw in natural and carbonized was densified to understand the characteristics of the compacted material. The sample carbonized at 300°C presented a solid with the potential for future production of briquettes. All results follow other reported biomasses and could lead to further investigation of the carnauba straw as feedstock for solid fuel production without or in a mixture with other agricultural residues.

Longitudinal analysis of bovine mammary gland development

Many studies on bovine mammary glands focus on one stage of development. Often missing in those studies are repeated measures of development from the same animals. As milk production is directly affected by amount of parenchymal tissue within the udder, understanding mammary gland growth along with visualization of its structures during development is essential. Therefore, analysis of ultrasound and histology data from the same animals would result in better understanding of mammary development over time. Thus, this research aimed to describe mammary gland development using non-invasive and invasive tools to delineate growth rate of glandular tissue responsible for potential future milk production. Mammary gland ultrasound images, biopsy samples, and blood samples were collected from 36 heifer dairy calves beginning at 10 weeks of age, and evaluated at 26, 39, and 52 weeks. Parenchyma was quantified at 10 weeks of age using ultrasound imaging and histological evaluation, and average echogenicity was utilized to quantify parenchyma at later stages of development. A significant negative correlation was detected between average echogenicity of parenchyma at 10 weeks and total adipose as a percent of histological whole tissue at 52 weeks. Additionally, a negative correlation between average daily gain at 10 and 26 weeks and maximum echogenicity at 52 weeks was present. These results suggest average daily gain and mammary gland development prior to 39 weeks of age is associated with development of the mammary gland after 39 weeks. These findings could be predictors of future milk production, however this must be further explored.

Automated near-real-time mapping and monitoring of rice growth extent and stages in Selangor Malaysia

High-resolution mapping of paddy rice is crucial to inform the potential yield and future rice production. Although remote sensing studies have been widely used to map paddy rice extent, mapping rice fields in tropical regions are still difficult as rice is grown throughout the year with varying planting dates and cropping frequency. This study addressed this challenge using continuously updated Sentinel-1 data and machine learning algorithms for near-real-time monitoring of paddy rice extent and growth stages. The study was conducted in IADA Barat Laut Selangor, one of Malaysia's highest paddy yield producers, covering an area of about 18,000 ha. The study used a phenology-based approach with Sentinel-1 monthly time series data from January to December 2020 as inputs. The results show that the developed model can accurately predict and produce a 10-m resolution map of rice growth stages by using current data and previous 5 consecutive months Sentinel-1 VH data as inputs with the SVM classifier. Validated using field survey data conducted in 2022, the model had an overall accuracy of 83.33% with kappa coefficient of 0.76. The predicted growth stages also agreed well with the published ground cropping calendar. The algorithms were implemented in the Earth Engine App, which automatically maps paddy rice growth stages as new data are available. The developed app is the first online platform that provides near real-time paddy growth stages at 10-m resolution. This information will help measure the achievement of self-sufficiency in rice production.

Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.): A sustainable alternative pulse-based protein for human health.

Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a cool-season food legume rich in protein (20-25%). With increasing health and ecosystem awareness, organic plant-based protein demand has increased; however, the protein quality of organic dry pea has not been well studied. This study determined the genetic variation of individual amino acids (AAs), total AAs (liberated), total protein, and in vitro protein digestibility of commercial dry pea cultivars grown in organic on-farm fields to inform the development of protein-biofortified cultivars. Twenty-five dry pea cultivars were grown in two USDA-certified organic on-farm locations in South Carolina (SC), USA, for two years (two locations in 2019 and one in 2020). The concentrations of most individual AAs (15 of 17) and the total AA concentration significantly varied with dry pea cultivar. In vitro protein digestibility was not affected by the cultivar. Seed total AA and protein for dry pea ranged from 11.8 to 22.2 and 12.6 to 27.6 g/100 g, respectively, with heritability estimates of 0.19 to 0.25. In vitro protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected AA score (PDCAAS) ranged from 83 to 95% and 0.18 to 0.64, respectively. Heritability estimates for individual AAs ranged from 0.08 to 0.42; principal component (PCA) analysis showed five significant AA clusters. Cultivar Fiddle had significantly higher total AA (19.6 g/100 g) and digestibility (88.5%) than all other cultivars. CDC Amarillo and Jetset were significantly higher in cystine (Cys), and CDC Inca and CDC Striker were significantly higher in methionine (Met) than other cultivars; CDC Spectrum was the best option in terms of high levels of both Cys and Met. Lysine (Lys) concentration did not vary with cultivar. A 100 g serving of organic dry pea provides a significant portion of the recommended daily allowance of six essential AAs (14-189%) and daily protein (22-48%) for an average adult weighing 72 kg. Overall, this study shows organic dry pea has excellent protein quality, significant amounts of sulfur-containing AAs and Lys, and good protein digestibility, and thus has good potential for future plant-based food production. Further genetic studies are warranted with genetically diverse panels to identify candidate genes and target parents to develop nutritionally superior cultivars for organic protein production.

The implementation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as an eco-friendly material in toy design development

Due to a substantial impact of hazardous materials in toy design, numerous toy companies have opted for an eco-friendly toy by promoting a legacy of innovation rather than waste and degradation. Furthermore, one of the most significant polymers for being recognised as a safe toy material is Polycaprolactone (PCL). However, in Malaysia, the study of Malaysian parent’s level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys, their behaviour in purchasing and managing toys at home, as well as the preferences of play type for their children, is not widely discussed. Thus, forty (40) Malaysian parents have participated in an online survey conducted by the research team. The result of the study found that most Malaysian parents has a low level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys for their children, lack the skills needed in handling broken or unused toys, and have selected criteria to be considered when purchasing a toy. Furthermore, a set of semi-working toy design was successfully developed using PCL as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of this study will contribute to inspire future toy designers to account for Malaysian parent’s preferences when developing eco-friendly toys.

Product design activity as a process to develop a therapeutic toys for self-managed depression among adolescents

Adolescent mental health issues are on the rise, with rates rising from one in ten in 2011 to one in five in 2016. This issue was predicted to be one of the top causes of global disability by 2020. Hence, with the aim to develop a therapeutic toy for self-managed depression, this paper intends to elucidate the product design process based on the criteria of therapies practiced by patients to manage mild and moderate depression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a clinical psychologist, three licensed counsellors, and six young depressive disorder patients as a methodology for gathering empirical data, which was then followed by the design process. The result of the interview indicates a multitude of design needs in self-managed depression. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of the non-working models of the therapeutic toys was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the design thinking process inside the ergonomics ergo system framework in order to generate the design for the patient.

PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE FISH PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SADAR UPAZILA OF JHENAIDAHA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

An investigation on the present status and future fish production potential of Jhenaidaha Sadar Upazila of Jhenaidaha district was carried out from July 2001 to June 2002. Jhenaidaha Sadar Upazila is endowed with a large variety of waterbodies that can be used to produce a considerable amount of fishes. The present investigation was undertaken to know about the present status of fish production at different types of waterbody and make a potential to increase fish production in future in Jhenaidaha Sadar Upazila. The total fish production of all the waterbodies of Jhenaidaha Sadar Upazila was found to be 1,365.09 mt. Analyzing the present status of fish production, a five-year fish production potential has been prepared and after five year, the fish production target is estimated to be 3,289.62 mt. Among the different waterbodies, the highest fish production was found in pond sector (1,411 kg ha-1). This study suggested the proper utilization of the available fisheries resources and some recommendations have also been made to increase fish production in Jhenaidaha.

Catalyst layer formulations for slot-die coating of PEM fuel cell electrodes

The series of electrodes were fabricated by the scalable and manufacturable slot-die coating method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. The inks with different amounts of solids were studied by rheological methods in order to establish a coating window with minimum manufacturing defects. The obtained electrodes were characterized by SEM, AFM, and optical microscopy, which showed that they were uniform and homogeneous with minimum defects. The electrochemical evaluation of the manufactured gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) showed that the main characteristics of the electrodes, like electrochemical surface area, proton resistivity, and double layer capacitance, were found to be close for all samples confirming the reproducibility of the slot-die process. Additionally, we studied the effects of membrane thickness on the performance of the GDE membrane electrode assemblies and determined that a decrease in membrane thickness favored the performance. The obtained results clearly demonstrated the applicability and feasibility of the approach for the Manufacturing of catalyst layers for the fuel cell application with potential for future mass production.

Adaptation of smart-object dimensions in the product design process to reduce household food waste

Food waste is a huge problem across the world, but it's especially bad in developed countries such as Malaysia, according to the previous study. It is estimated that 1.3 billion tonnes of food are lost or wasted every year, accounting for one-third of all food produced for human consumption. Hence, the goal of this study is to supplement the solution within the framework of product design process based on the evaluation of food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia. As an approach for acquiring empirical data, a survey study was conducted with 52 respondents in Malaysia, including an analysis of similar existing products on the market, which was then followed by the design process. The findings suggest a multitude of design needs in preventing food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia, including the issues of the existing similar products on the market. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of semi-working food tracking models was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the product design process inside the smart-object dimensions in order to generate the design that helps to manage and reduce the amount of food waste created among household in Malaysia.

Layered injection technology for chemical flooding of Class-III oil reservoirs in the Daqing Oil Fields complex, Songliao Basin, Northeast China

The Class-III oil reservoirs of Lasaxing oilfield in the Daqing Oil Fields complex have geological oil reserves of 1.86 billion tonnes, an oil recovery of 39%, with remaining reserves accounting for more than 45% of the total geological reserves of the oilfield. Therefore, they have considerable potential for future oil production. The current layered injection technologies fail to achieve effective control over the low single-layer injection rates since they can only produce low throttle differential pressure under low injection rates (5–20 m3/d). In this study, a symmetrically-structured double-offset-hole injection allocator and a novel throttling component were developed. Their spatial layout was constructed and mechanical parameters were optimized using finite element analysis, which allows for expanding the flow rate range at low injection rates. According to experimental results, the throttle differential pressure increased from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa at an injection rate of 5 m3/d, and the range of the single-layer flow rates expanded from 20 – 70 m3/d to 5–70 m3/d. The field test results show that the effective production of oil layers with medium and low permeability was achieved and that the ratio of producing oil layer thickness to the total reservoir thickness increased by 9.7% on average. Therefore, this study provides valuable technical support for the effective chemical-flooding-based development of Class-III oil reservoirs.

Design and performance boost of a MOF-functionalized-wood solar evaporator through tuning the hydrogen-bonding interactions

Interfacial solar evaporation technology is recognized as one of the most promising strategies to address freshwater scarcity issues. To realize the sustainability of this technology for producing potable water from seawater and contaminated water sources, multi-functional photothermal materials need to be explored to attain higher vapor output at the same solar energy input. Herein, a novel wood-based solar evaporator composed of porous wood substrate, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and polydopamine (PDA) as a light absorption layer is developed. The in-situ loading of ZIF-8 in the microchannels renders the wood evaporator an important function of reducing the equivalent evaporation enthalpy due to the lowered hydrogen bonding density of water molecules when they pass the wood channels, substantially augmenting solar evaporation efficiency. A superior evaporation rate of 2.70 kg m−2 h−1 is achieved under 1.0 sun irradiation, which exceeds the theoretical limit of a typical 2D photothermal evaporator (~1.46 kg m−2 h−1). The designed wood/ZIF-8@PDA also exhibits a prominent removal efficiency for harmful ions and organic pollutants. This multifunctional wood-based solar evaporator shows great potential for future freshwater production.

Reservoir operation simulation for existing and planned hydropower projects on the Niger and Benue catchments in Nigeria

In 2015/16, a hydropower site screening study was undertaken in Nigeria on the main stem of the Niger River and in the Benue River basin. The study assessed small (5-20 MW installed capacity), medium (20-100 MW) and large projects (> 100 MW) focusing on hydropower sites with potential multipurpose benefits. In the final stage of the study, three sites (two medium and one large project) were recommended for future development by the Government of Nigeria in liaison with the Niger Basin Authority (NBA). The study covered: Simulations of energy production and water demand satisfaction using the MIKE HYDRO Basin software. The modelling approach was based on maximizing energy production and maintaining a target mean load factor. (1) Impacts of reservoir development on hydropower production benefits, downstream flow variability, navigation downstream for three time horizons: current, mid development and maximum potential development. (2) Sensitivity analyses of water availability risks for hydropower generation for the three selected sites considering possible future abstractions and projected climate change. (3) Optimization of the use of the River Niger’s White flood in Nigeria and study of the augmentation of the Kainji HPP in order to mitigate the potential future production losses due to upstream developments/abstractions outside Nigeria.

Prospective environmental risk screening of seven advanced materials based on production volumes and aquatic ecotoxicity

The number and volume of advanced materials being manufactured is increasing. In order to mitigate future impacts from such materials, assessment methods that can provide early indications of potential environmental risk are required. This paper presents a further development and testing of an environmental risk screening method based on two proxy measures: aquatic ecotoxicity and global annual production volumes. In addition to considering current production volumes, this further developed method considers potential future production volumes, thereby enabling prospective environmental risk screening. The proxy measures are applied to seven advanced materials: graphene, graphene oxide, nanocellulose, nanodiamond, quantum dots, nano-sized molybdenum disulfide, and MXenes. Only MXenes show high aquatic ecotoxicity, though the number of test results is still very limited. While current production volumes are relatively modest for most materials, several of the materials (graphene, graphene oxide, nanocellulose, nano-sized molybdenum disulfide, and MXenes) have the potential to become high-volume materials in the future. For MXenes, with both high aquatic ecotoxicity and high potential future production volumes, more detailed environmental risk assessments should be considered. For the other materials with high potential future production volumes, the recommendation is to continuously monitor their aquatic ecotoxicity data. Based on the application of the proxy measures combined with future scenarios for production volumes, we recommend this environmental risk screening method be used in the early development of advanced materials to prioritize which advanced materials should be subject to more detailed environmental assessments.

Prediction of Crop Yield for New Mexico Based on Climate and Remote Sensing Data for the 1920–2019 Period

Agricultural production systems in New Mexico (NM) are under increased pressure due to climate change, drought, increased temperature, and variable precipitation, which can affect crop yields, feeds, and livestock grazing. Developing more sustainable production systems requires long-term measurements and assessment of climate change impacts on yields, especially over such a vulnerable region. Providing accurate yield predictions plays a key role in addressing a critical sustainability gap. The goal of this study is the development of effective crop yield predictions to allow for a better-informed cropland management and future production potential, and to develop climate-smart adaptation strategies for increased food security. The objectives were to (1) identify the most important climate variables that significantly influence and can be used to effectively predict yield, (2) evaluate the advantage of using remotely sensed data alone and in combination with climate variables for yield prediction, and (3) determine the significance of using short compared to long historical data records for yield prediction. This study focused on yield prediction for corn, sorghum, alfalfa, and wheat using climate and remotely sensed data for the 1920–2019 period. The results indicated that the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) alone is less accurate in predicting crop yields. The combination of climate and NDVI variables provided better predictions compared to the use of NDVI only to predict wheat, sorghum, and corn yields. However, the use of a climate only model performed better in predicting alfalfa yield. Yield predictions can be more accurate with the use of shorter data periods that are based on region-specific trends. The identification of the most important climate variables and accurate yield prediction pertaining to New Mexico’s agricultural systems can aid the state in developing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies to enhance the sustainability of these systems.

The Anadarko “Super” Basin: 10 key characteristics to understand its productivity

More than 50 basins worldwide are identified as “super basins,” defined as a basin with cumulative production of at least 5 billion BOE (∼0.8 billion m3) and with future production potential of more than 5 billion BOE. By this definition, the Anadarko Basin is a super basin; cumulative production is close to 50 billion BOE (∼7.9 billion m3) and unconventional reservoirs have the potential to produce another 50 billion BOE. At least 10 characteristics justify classification of the Anadarko Basin as “super,” namely, 8 key geologic elements and 2 technical and surface characteristics. First, the most important characteristic of a super basin is its source rocks. The Woodford Shale is the dominant source rock in the Anadarko Basin. It has generated and expelled more than 300 billion BOE (more than 47.7 billion m3). Second, the basin was initiated by a failed rift in the late Precambrian–middle Cambrian. Third, the basin was filled with 40,000 ft of Paleozoic strata and multiple reservoirs. Fourth, because of the absence of significant structural inversion in the basin proper, source rocks and migrated oil and gas are mostly mature and relatively predictable with regard to depth of generation. Fifth, a critically important attribute is the left-lateral, north-south basement strike-slip fault system. Sixth, these faults and related fractures along with unconformities and laterally continuous reservoirs provide abundant migration pathways to good regional and local seals. Consequently, the number of accumulations of petroleum is very large and the styles of traps are numerous and varied. Seventh, among the attributes that make the basin productive are numerous cells of overpressured strata and, eighth, an overall paragenetic history that resulted in the development of porous reservoirs. The ninth and tenth features are technological advances and surface conditions, respectively. As a result, the Anadarko Basin has a history of significant conventional oil and gas production and a bright promise of significant nonconventional production.

An experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with an algal biodiesel and its diesel blends

Conscientious efforts by researchers established that microalgae have huge potential for future energy production. Microalgae strain Euglena sanguinea has been collected locally and cultivated in a photoautotrophic mode. The microalgae lipid is extracted from the biomass and subsequently, biodiesel (BD) has been prepared for diesel engine experimental investigation. The main objective of the present study was to analyze various combustion characteristics of underutilized E. sanguinea BD in an agricultural diesel engine. Combustion performance of E. sanguinea biodiesel and its five different diesel–biodiesel blends (ES10, ES20, ES30, ES40, and ES50) have been studied at different engine loading conditions (0–100%). At full load, ignition delay (ID) reduced by 12.04% for ES100, 8.43% for ES50 and 7.22% for ES40. Combustion duration gradually drops up to ES40 and after that it increases marginally as biodiesel (BD) dosage increases in the blend. Peak cylinder pressure (PCP) and mean gas temperature (MGT) increases with an increase in algae BD concentration in the blend. Net heat release rate (NHRR) and rate of pressure rise (RPR) decrease with an increase in the algal BD concentration in the blend. At full load, PCP and MGT of ES100 (58.11 bar and 1204.84 °C) was 3.03% and 4%, respectively, higher than diesel fuel (56.4 bar and 1160.42 °C). Peak NHRR and maximum RPR of ES100 (43.10 J/°CA and 4.8 bar/°CA) was 12.07% and 10.61%, respectively, lower than diesel fuel (49.02 J/°CA and 5.37 bar/°CA). Overall, microalgae E. sanguinea biodiesel/diesel fuel blend up to 40% (ES40) is recommended for regular use in diesel engines.