Potential Competitors Research Articles

MobileDenseNeXt: Investigations on biomedical image classification

Background and objectiveWe are living in the information era. Therefore, intelligence-based researchers are hot-topic such as artificial intelligence. In the artificial intelligence research area, machine learning and deep learning models have frequently used to create intelligence assistants and deep learning is the shining star of the AI. Specifically, in the computer vision, numerous deep learning models have been proposed, leading to a competition between transformers and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Since the introduction of Vision Transformers (ViT), many transformer models have been advocated for computer vision, often overshadowing CNNs. Therefore, it is crucial to propose CNNs to showcase their prowess in image classification. This research introduces a lightweight CNN named MobileDenseNeXt. Materials and methodsThe proposed MobileDenseNeXt comprises four main blocks: (i) input, (ii) main, (iii) average pooling-based downsampling, and (iv) output. This research also incorporates convolution-based residual blocks and uses a depth concatenation layer to increase the number of filters. For downsampling, an average pooling operation has been employed, similar to the original DenseNet. Furthermore, the swish activation function is utilized in the presented CNN. MobileDenseNeXt has approximately 1.4 million learnable parameters, categorizing it as a lightweight CNN model. Additionally, a deep feature engineering approach has been developed using MobileDenseNeXt, incorporating two feature extractors with global average pooling and dropout layers, along with 10 feature selectors, to demonstrate the transfer learning capabilities of MobileDenseNeXt. ResultsThe recommended models achieved over 95% test classification accuracy on the used three datasets, unequivocally demonstrating the high image classification proficiency of the proposed MobileDenseNeXt. Moreover, to show general classification ability of the proposed model, MobileDenseNeXt was trained on the CIFAR10 dataset and reached 98.62% accuracy. ConclusionsThis research not only highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of MobileDenseNeXt in biomedical image classification but also highlights the competitive potential of this model for computer vision.

Dimensi Pembentuk Ketertarikan Investor Memilih Produk Cilem BSI Kencong

Islamic investment has become an attractive choice for Indonesian society looking to grow their funds while adhering to Islamic law. BSI Kencong, part of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), offers the Cilem investment product designed to meet these needs. This research aims to identify the factors influencing public interest in investing in Cilem at BSI Kencong. The research method employed is qualitative, utilizing literature review and customer testimonial analysis. Data was gathered from various sources, including official BSI publications, Islamic investment literature, and customer reviews. The findings reveal several key factors driving public interest in Cilem investments. Firstly, the competitive profit potential is a major attraction, supported by expertise in investment management and diversification across safe Sharia-compliant instruments. Secondly, the security and trust provided by BSI Kencong, overseen by the Financial Services Authority and the National Sharia Board of MUI, instill confidence in customers. Thirdly, adherence to Islamic principles is crucial, evidenced by Sharia certification from the National Sharia Board of MUI. Additionally, ease of access and transactions play a significant role. BSI Kencong offers various channels including branches, the BSI Mobile app, website, and agents, enhancing customer convenience. Friendly and professional service from BSI Kencong staff adds to customer comfort and satisfaction. Active promotion and education efforts by BSI Kencong increase public awareness and understanding of Cilem products. Positive testimonials from investors demonstrate real benefits, encouraging prospective customers to participate. Lastly, the desire to support the growth of Islamic economy in Indonesia further strengthens public interest in Cilem investments. In conclusion, the combination of factors such as profit potential, security and trust, Sharia compliance, ease of access, professional service, promotion and education, positive testimonials, and support for Islamic economy collectively create a compelling attraction for the public to invest in Cilem products through BSI Kencong.

DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES A WINE TOURISM – THE CASE STUDY OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE QUALITY WINES INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX „MILEȘTII MICI”

Wine tourism in the Republic of Moldova occupies an important segment in the country's tourism. Investments in wineries and the state's initiative to register the Republic of Moldova on the map of European wine tourism have led to the creation of itineraries that allow visiting numerous domains and wineries. Moldovan wine products are in demand on the EU market, which contributes to the sustainable development of both the wine sector and wine tourism. This article represents a research of the difficulties and possibilities of development of the wine tourism activity in order to discover the solutions and ways of development of the wine tourism in the Republic of Moldova. The topic is current and needs to be researched. The purpose of the present scientific investigation is to research the wine tourism activity of „Mileștii Mici” Winery, the largest underground winery in the Republic of Moldova, in order to identify development obstacles and ways to overcome them. The present study was carried out based on the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, etc. The authors' contribution consists in the presentation, calculation and analysis of the main indicators regarding the volume of tourist activity, the evaluation of the performance, competition, risk and tourist potential of the „Mileștii Mici” Winery and the development of recommendations regarding the promotion of its tourist activity.

Effects of genetic diversity on the allergenicity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) proteins: identification of the hypoallergenic accessions using BALB/c mice model and in silico analysis of Ara h 3 allergen cross-reactivity

This study investigated the effects of genetic diversity in the allergenicity of peanut and assessed the allergenic capacity of six Arachis hypogaea accessions using a Balb/c mouse model. It also explored potential cross-reactivities between Ara h 3 (peanut allergen) and Gly m (soybean allergen) using computational tools. Female Balb/c mice were injected with peanut protein extracts and alum. Serum-specific antibodies (IgE, IgGt, IgG1, IgG2a) were measured using ELISA, and allergic protein profiles were examined via western blot. Structural homology, B cell epitopes, and molecular interactions between Ara h 3 and Gly m with human IgE were also investigated. The mice developed high sIgE and sIgG1 responses, with antibodies recognizing 19 bands on western blot. Notably, Saharan accessions showed unique features such as no bands on western blot profiles, reduced anaphylactic symptoms, lower IgE titers, and less intestinal tissue damage. Molecular docking results suggest significant cross-allergenicity, supported by allergenicity predictions and structural homology analysis. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into shared epitopes, potential competition for binding sites, and molecular dynamics of cross-reactive responses, enhancing understanding of food allergen interactions. The study recommends using Algerian Sahara peanut accessions in breeding, genomics studies, and industry for safer peanut options for individuals with allergies. SignificanceThe significance of this study lies in its contribution to addressing a major public health issue: peanut allergy, which represents a significant cause of anaphylaxis affecting numerous individuals and families worldwide. By exploring the genetic diversity of peanut proteins and identifying hypoallergenic accessions through experimental and computational approaches, this research offers valuable insights for mitigating allergic reactions. The findings highlight that certain accessions from the Saharan region exhibit reduced allergenicity, resulting in attenuated anaphylactic symptoms, lower IgE levels, and reduced intestinal damage in murine models. Furthermore, the study's in silico analysis sheds light on the issue of cross-reactivity between peanut and soybean allergens, providing crucial information for understanding allergen interactions at the molecular level. Overall, this research contributes to advancing knowledge in the field of food allergen research and has practical implications for improving the quality of life for individuals allergic to peanuts, particularly through the selection of safer peanut varieties and their cultivation.

ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY ENTITIES: A METHODICAL APPROACH

The article highlights the issues of developing a methodical approach to the analysis and assessment of the competitiveness capability of tourism industry (TI) entities. The main tasks of the study include the analysis of the existing methodical approaches to the assessment of the competitive potential (CP) of business entities and the level of TI development, the justification of the author's methodical approach based on the criteria of transformation of the CP, which allows to determine the level of balance between providers of tourist services and their consumers. The author's methodical approach to the analysis and assessment of the CP of the subjects of the TI is substantiated. The main features of the methodical approaches to assessing the competitive potential of TI entities (CPTIE) are the use of quantitative assessment methods, wide coverage of indicators, an assessment of the entity's strengths and weaknesses, its competitive advantages and relevant conditions for sustainable development, extensive use of the rank method. The proposed methodical model consists of 5 blocks: Block 1 – justification of research elements; Block 2 – determination of research areas; Block 3 – selection of indicators system; Block 4 – calculation of the integral index; Block 5 – transformation of the CPTIE depending on the level of balance/imbalance between suppliers and consumers of tourism services. Each of the blocks contains structural elements of analytical research. The results of the study indicate that the proposed methodical approach to the assessment and analysis of the CPTIE can be used as a basis for developing differentiated approaches to the assessment of transformational changes depending on the phase of their current state.

ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS AS A CONSTRUCT OF THE NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM: PRACTICE OF KAZAKHSTANI UNIVERSITIES

The restructuring of the quality assurance system of higher education in Kazakhstan is considered a condition for the formation of competitive human potential. The research interest of the authors of this article is aimed at the practice of organizing the internal quality assurance system as the first component of the three-dimensional model of the National Quality Assurance System, which also includes the external quality assurance system and mechanisms of management and regulation of the quality assurance system. The activity of Kazakhstani HEIs with orientation on the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Higher Education in the European Higher Education Area (ESG EHEA) is carried out through the activity of designing a system of measures, including planning, organization and implementation of the actual internal system of quality assurance, adequate to the features of the educational environment of the HEI. As a result of design activity, "author's" normative, organizational, personnel conditions of internal quality assurance systems are created. The purpose of our research was to analyze the practices of organization of internal quality assurance system by HEIs of Kazakhstan as a construct of the National Quality Assurance System. The study allowed us to identify the common and special in the organization of internal quality assurance systems in the context of the implementation of quality assurance methodology in higher education organizations, in the context of academic freedom.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗМІНАМИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МОЛОКОПРОДУКТОВОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to studying modern trends in the development of Ukraine's milk processing sector. It also reveals the level of actual dairy product consumption by the country's population. As the study results showed, it has been significantly lower than the recommended parameters in recent years. Your role in the dairy sector is crucial to addressing this issue and shaping the future of the industry. The dynamics of milk production volumes by main categories of producers were analyzed. The key structural changes in the industry's development have been identified, among which the most significant is the long-term concentration of production in the sector of small producers—households. In the modern structure of milk production, the share of households in the population is 66%, and 31% is provided by agricultural enterprises of various forms of management. The concentration of production of dairy raw materials within the household sector is accompanied by a low number of problematic issues that hold back the potential of greening, innovative development, and increasing the competitiveness of domestic dairy products. However, there is a silver lining. Strategic orientations for further management changes in the dairy sector of Ukraine's enterprises were outlined, highlighting the potential for organic dairy production. The activation of further development of organic dairy production and the greening of dairy products and trade brands were identified as critical factors. According to the current assessment, the share of organic milk production in EU countries is insignificant. This creates real prospects for Ukrainian dairy companies to increase their competitive potential in the domestic and European milk products market. Based on the research results, a list of the main characteristics inherent in organic production in the country's dairy sector was substantiated. The set of key challenges that necessitate the constant management of changes in the dairy industry enterprises are outlined. The main ones are defined as: structural disparities by category of milk producers, constant complication of dairy product quality standards by the EU, loss of the potential of domestic feed production, low paying demand of the population of Ukraine, slow pace of transformations towards greening and implementation of sustainable development initiatives of the agri-food sector of Ukraine. However, the research results also demonstrated active trends in the development of trademarks of dairy companies in Ukraine, which contributes to a more intensive formation of competitive advantages among them. These findings are crucial for understanding the current state and potential future of the dairy sector, and they also inspire hope for the industry's future.

Impact of NaCl concentrations and drying on the essential oil yields and composition of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng leaf

The objective of this study was to investigate how varying concentrations of salt (NaCl) and different drying methods affect the yield and composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. The findings revealed that fresh samples yielded significantly more essential oil (0.24%) than both dried samples and those treated with different NaCl concentrations (5, 10, and 15% NaCl). Gas chromatography analysis identified 12 chemical constituents, with α-phellandrene and lavandulol being the primary ingredients. Medium proportions of β-phellandrene and β-caryophyllene were also detected, along with eight other chemicals. Among the samples, the oven-dried sample exhibited the highest concentration of α-phellandrene (44.205%), while the sample treated with 15% NaCl had the lowest concentration (33.064%). The difference in the α-phellandrene concentration between the fresh and oven-dried samples was significant (8.011%). The lavandulol concentration was highest in the 15% NaCl sample (27.905%) and lowest in the oven-dried sample (23.577%), with no notable variation observed among the dried, NaCl-treated, and fresh samples. β-Phellandrene was highest in the 5% NaCl sample (9.216%) and lowest in the fresh sample (6.77%). No significant variations were observed in the concentration of β-caryophyllene across all the samples. The elevated β-phellandrene content in M. koenigii essential oils by a particular treatment suggests potential market competitiveness and enhances the commercial viability of these oils. Keywords: Murraya koenigii, Drying, Salt media, Essential oil, Gas chromatography.

Analyzing the Factors Affecting Sales Opportunities for Processed Meat Packaging in Thailand

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the retail market potential of processed meat products in Thailand and establish a structural equation model. Entrepreneurial SMEs registered commercially in Thailand. Theoretical Framework: This research applies a packaging design concept that can meet the needs of modern consumers. The new packaging must have the following characteristics: 1)It must create a positive feeling while consumers use it. 2) Must have low production costs. 3)Must be able to arouse consumer interest. 4)has a beautiful layout Method: This research is applied research consisting of 5 steps: 1) Data collection step. 2) Design process 3)Trial use process 4) Evaluation process 5) Steps for analyzing and presenting factors that affect. This research uses the following statistics: 1) Mean 2) Standard Deviation: SD 3) Exploratory Factor Analysis: EFA 4) Confirmatory Factor Analysis: CFA 5) Multiple Regression. This research analyzed data using the SPSS program and the Amos program. Results and Discussion: The results of this research show the importance of 4 factors that influence the increase in consumer satisfaction: Factor 1 design guidelines, Factor 2 access to products, Factor 3 identity, Factor 4 understanding of the future of the retail market with the likely direction of the market. All four factors are important to the opportunity to sell processed meat products in the Thai retail market. Research Implications: The research results reveal the influence of 4 factors that together influence the level of consumer satisfaction. By knowing the interrelationship of these 4 factors, which is considered a fact arising from this research. Therefore, small entrepreneurs in Thailand can apply all four factors to designing their own processed meat packaging. And there is an opportunity to increase the sales volume even more in the future. Originality/Value: The results of this research contribute to knowing the factors that influence the level of consumer satisfaction with processed meat products available in the retail market of Thailand. This fact helps reduce the inequality in competition between small and large operators in the processed meat retail market of Thailand. Therefore, it is an important part that helps increase the competitive potential of small entrepreneurs in the future.

Potential Competition and the 2023 Merger Guidelines

The 2023 Merger Guidelines devote a section to mergers that eliminate potential competition. This is an important contribution because agency guidelines have not discussed the subject in detail for almost 50 years. The new Guidelines follow the traditional distinction that has been upheld in the courts between a merger’s effects on incumbent responses to perceived potential competition and the potential effects of actual entry. Antitrust enforcement should assess both possible aspects of potential competition in an integrated fashion because harm from a merger occurs not infrequently from the elimination of actual potential competition; and when the elimination of perceived potential competition has an effect, it often occurs along with and as a consequence of the elimination of actual potential competition. Economic studies suggest that the benefits of perceived potential competition are less than some courts have assumed and that the benefits of actual potential competition are greater. Rather than focusing solely on the probability of harm from the elimination of a potential entrant, antitrust enforcement should adopt a sliding scale that takes into account the magnitude of the benefits for consumers or suppliers if entry is successful. Mergers with potential and nascent competitors can be harmful even if the probability of actual entry absent the merger is small.

Unlocking Economic Growth: The Transformative Role of Infrastructure Finance in India

"Recognizing the transformative impact of strategic investments in PPP Model, this study investigates how infrastructure development can serve as a linchpin for sustained economic prosperity. Through an exploration of key sectors such as transportation connectivity-air, road and rail, energy, and water supply & sanitation, the paper aims to highlight the multifaceted benefits of robust infrastructure on overall efficiency, business expansion, and job creation. The research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and sustainable approach to infrastructure finance, advocating for a balanced mix of public and private investments. The paper also addresses the importance of transparent regulatory frameworks, risk mitigation strategies, and efficient project planning to attract private investors and ensure the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. By elucidating the potential multiplier effects and global competitiveness implications, the paper provides valuable perspectives for investors, policymakers, and scholars seeking to comprehend the intricacies of transformative dynamics of infrastructure-led economic growth in India. This research paper delves into the pivotal role of infrastructure finance as a catalyst for unlocking economic growth in India."

INTERNAL FACTORS FORMING COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL OF SMALL ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES: SYSTEMATISATION, ADAPTATION, UNIVERSALISATION

Internal factors play a decisive role in the formation of the competitive potential of small enterprises in the field of architecture and construction. The comprehensive approach adopted in this study involves analysing and improving the following internal factors: business strategy; efficiency of the business management system and methods; innovation and investment potential; level of production organisation; planning system; system of economic, social and psychological incentives; intellectual and labour potential; corporate culture. In particular, the study identifies the following qualitative characteristics and impact of internal factors on the level of competitiveness of small architectural and construction enterprises. The systematisation of internal factors contributes to the identification of the most important elements that have an impact on a company’s successful strategy. In this way, enterprises can better focus their efforts and resources on the achievement of their strategic goals. An important component of a company’s competitiveness is the effectiveness of its management system. A company can increase its productivity and efficiency in managing resources by analysing and improving this system. The ability to innovate and invest is also important in running a successful business. Innovation helps to maintain a competitive advantage by enabling a company to introduce new technologies and develop its products. In order to increase productivity, the organisation of production requires the systematisation and optimisation of processes. A clear definition of roles and responsibilities, the rational use of resources and quality assurance contribute to a company’s success. Planning is important for developing the business and achieving its goals. Managers can make informed decisions and successfully manage their business through a clear definition of goals, strategies and plans. The system of economic, social and psychological incentives used to motivate employees affects productivity. The provision of an appropriate incentive system is an important factor in the recruitment and retention of talented employees. Intellectual and labour potential are indisputable assets of an organisation. Ensuring the sustainability and future prospects of the company by investing in human resource development, skills and knowledge of employees. The style and characteristics of team interaction are determined by the corporate culture. The productivity and efficiency of the company can be positively influenced by striving to create a positive and favourable atmosphere. Companies can increase their efficiency, flexibility and sustainability in a competitive environment by systematising, adapting and universalising these factors. In particular, systematisation helps with the organisation and identification of internal factors, adaptation enables a rapid response to changes in the environment and universalisation enables the expansion of the firm’s capabilities. With such a comprehensive strategy, small enterprises can ensure their stability, competitiveness and resistance to the changes in the market conditions.

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions. In particular, concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology, engineering materials, and construction equipment over the past 30 years. Under the leadership of the author, two record-breaking arch bridges—that is, the Pingnan Third Bridge (a CFST arch bridge), with a span of 560 m, and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge (an SRC arch bridge), with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years, embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges. This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China. The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods, new in-tube concrete materials, in-tube concrete pouring techniques, a novel thrust abutment foundation for non-rocky terrain, and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities. The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection, the development of encasing concrete materials, encasing concrete pouring, arch rib stress mitigation, and longitudinal reinforcement optimization. To conclude, future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

Modeling abundance and nest occupation of Pseudomyrmex termitarius as a function of detection factors and habitat structure in fragments of urban vegetation

Understanding the relationship between abundance and habitat variability is an underlying theme of ecological studies. Due to imperfect detection, robust estimates of population size require large efforts, especially for megadiverse taxa such as Formicidae, where most of the surveys rely on presence-absence or community data. Here, we used mixed occupation models to estimate the population abundance and local distribution of Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) in nests when detection was imperfect. Our goal was to create a sampling protocol to estimate unbiased population parameters, taking into account several sources of heterogeneity that can affect the estimates (e.g., researcher detection variability, survey period, habitat variables). The advantage of this protocol is that it is time- and cost-effective for accessing common and easily identifiable ant species. We distributed 44 transects (2.5 × 20 m) with five subplots each in 2.33 ha of the vegetation remnants of the Cuiabá Campus of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). In each subsample, we recorded the presence or absence of P. termitarius workers, as well as the count of other cooccurring ant species during two consecutive days and time periods (midday and 16:00). Canopy openness and soil compaction were recorded in each transect. Among all the sampling trials, we directly counted a maximum of 364 P. termitarius workers in 92 subplots. Both nest abundance and occupation estimates were directly related to soil compaction. The estimated probability of detection was 39% and was not affected by the period. On the other hand, despite P. termitarius being a noncryptic species in the study area, it had a stronger effect on detectability. Although P. termitarius is a subordinate species, the co-occurrence of other species does not explain its abundance and distribution in our study. Perhaps P. termitarius's preference for sites with more compact soils could favor it by filtering out or reducing the abundance of potential competitors. After taking into account soil compaction and researcher detection variability, we estimated that the species occurred in 70% of the study area with a density of approximately 0.09 nests/m². We expect that this protocol can be an additional tool to improve the knowledge of ants in general and, especially, the management of alien or economically relevant ant species.

Heterostructured Pt-PbS Nanobelt Achieves Remarkable Direct Formic Acid Oxidation Catalysis.

Developing efficient and CO-tolerant platinum (Pt)-based anodic catalysts is challenging for a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). Herein, we report heterostructured Pt-lead-sulfur (PtPbS)-based nanomaterials with gradual phase regulation as efficient formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) catalysts. The optimized Pt-PbS nanobelts (Pt-PbS NBs/C) display the mass and specific activities of 5.90 A mgPt-1 and 21.4 mA cm-2, 2.2/1.2, 1.5/1.1, and 36.9/79.3 times greater than those of PtPb-PbS NBs/C, Pt-PbSO4 NBs/C, and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Simultaneously, it exhibits a higher membrane electrode assembly (MEA) power density (183.5 mW cm-2) than commercial Pt/C (40.3 mW cm-2). This MEA stably operates at 0.4 V for 25 h, demonstrating a competitive potential of device application. The distinctive heterostructure endows the Pt-PbS NBs/C with optimized dehydrogenation steps and resisting the CO poisoning, thus presenting the remarkable FAOR performance. This work paves an effective avenue for creating high-performance anodic catalysts for fuel cells and beyond.

Species-specific metabolome changes during salinity downshift in sub-Arctic populations of Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus

The blue mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus are ecologically and economically important species distributed widely across the Northern Hemisphere. Understanding their behavioral and physiological disparities is crucial for assessing their ecological success and aquacultural value. The recent finding of non-native M. trossulus in the White Sea raises concerns regarding its potential competition with native M. edulis and its prospective spread in light of climate change and surface water freshening. We investigated the responses of M. edulis and M. trossulus to salinity variations by examining shell closure thresholds and tissue levels of 35 metabolic intermediates in mussels acclimated to different salinities (25, 16, and 10). The salinity threshold for valve closure was similar in both studied species, but M. trossulus consistently opened at lower salinities (by 0.2–0.7 practical salinity units) compared to M. edulis. Salinity-induced changes in metabolite levels were similar between the two species. Taurine emerged as the dominant osmolyte, comprising over 50% of the total free amino acid pool, with aspartate and glycine contributing 15–30%. Concentrations of taurine, glycine, and total free amino acids declined with decreasing salinity. Taurine to glycine ratios were higher in M. edulis and increased in both species with declining salinity. Acclimation salinity significantly influenced urea cycle intermediates and methionine sulfoxide content, a cellular biomarker of amino acid oxidation. Species-specific differences were observed in purine metabolism, with higher levels of GMP and AMP found in M. edulis. Likewise, aromatic amino acids and histidine levels were higher in M. edulis compared to M. trossulus. However, no evidence suggests superior adaptation of M. trossulus metabolism to hypoosmotic stress compared to M. edulis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the functional implications of subtle metabolic differences between these Mytilus congeners and their ecological consequences in changing marine environments.

Mechanisms underlying the interactions and adaptability of nitrogen removal microorganisms in freshwater sediments

Microorganisms in eutrophic water play a vital role in nitrogen (N) removal, which contributes significantly to the nutrient cycling and sustainability of eutrophic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions and adaptation strategies of the N removal microorganisms in eutrophic ecosystems remain unclear. We thus analyzed field sediments collected from a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem, enriched the N removal microorganisms, examined their function and adaptability through amplicon, metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing. We found that the N removal activities could be affected through potential competition and inhibition among microbial metabolic pathways. High-diversity microbial communities generally increased the abundance and expression of N removal functional genes. Further enrichment experiments showed that the enrichment of N removal microorganisms led to a development of simplified but more stable microbial communities, characterized by similar evolutionary patterns among N removal microorganisms, tighter interactions, and increased adaptability. Notably, the sustained provision of NH4+ and NO2− during the enrichment could potentially strengthen the interconnections among denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) processes. Moreover, the identification of shared metabolic traits among denitrification, anammox and DNRA implies important cooperative associations and adaptability of N removal microorganisms. Our findings highlight the microbial interactions affect the adaptive strategies of key microbial taxa involved in N removal.

FORMATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM

This article is devoted to the important topic of marketing strategic analysis in the field of tourism. The authors examine methods and approaches that help tourism companies and organizations effectively develop their business in a competitive environment. The article considers such key aspects as the definition of marketing strategies, which describes the methods of defining marketing strategies that allow tourism enterprises to determine competitive positioning and target audience, emphasizes the importance of correct market segmentation and definition of the target audience for effective marketing. Formation of marketing strategic analysis in the field of tourism is a very urgent and important task. The tourism industry is becoming increasingly competitive, new players and tourist regions are emerging that offer similar services. Marketing strategic analysis allows you to identify both internal and external reserves of competitive potential. The theory and practice of evaluating the competitive potential of a tourist enterprise operates with a significant number of various methods, which differ in the complexity of use and feasibility of application depending on the scale of production and the specifics of the tourism company's field of activity. Such methods can be classified: according to the direction of information base formation (criteria and expert methods); according to the method of displaying the final results (graphical, mathematical and logical methods); by suitability for the development of management decisions (simultaneous and strategic assessment methods); by assessment method (indicative and matrix methods). Strategic analysis helps to develop unique offers for tourists and increase competitiveness. Today's tourists are increasingly emphasizing unique experiences, sustainable activities, and are increasingly demanding how their needs are met. Marketing analysis allows you to adapt offers to these changes. The Internet and digital technologies have transformed the way tourists search for, book and consume travel services. An effective digital strategy and analysis is required to ensure a presence in the online environment. Issues of sustainability and environmental responsibility are becoming increasingly important in the tourism industry. The analysis helps to develop strategies aimed at conserving natural resources and reducing the impact on the environment. Tourism is a global industry, and tourism businesses must consider the international context in their strategies and analyses. Therefore, the formation of marketing strategic analysis in tourism remains an urgent task for enterprises and organizations in this field. It helps to adapt to market changes, innovate and compete effectively, ensuring a quality experience for tourists and business sustainability. Keywords: strategy, strategic analysis, stages of strategic analysis, marketing strategies in tourism.

Efficient and stable hybrid perovskite-organic light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 40 per cent

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display technologies, but still suffer from severe instability driven by electric field. Here, we develop a stable, efficient and high-color purity hybrid LED with a tandem structure by combining the perovskite LED and the commercial organic LED technologies to accelerate the practical application of perovskites. Perovskite LED and organic LED with close photoluminescence peak are selected to maximize photon emission without photon reabsorption and to achieve the narrowed emission spectra. By designing an efficient interconnecting layer with p-type interface doping that provides good opto-electric coupling and reduces Joule heating, the resulting green emitting hybrid LED shows a narrow linewidth of around 30 nm, a peak luminance of over 176,000 cd m−2, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40%, and an operational half-lifetime of over 42,000 h.

Neobanking regulation

A set of recommendations for regulating the activities of Ukrainian neobanks has been formu­lated, embodying a balanced approach, pro­moting European integration, while ensuring compliance with requirements and supporting their competiti­veness. The aim of the article is to extrapolate valuable foreign insights for deve­loping recommen­dations on constructing regu­latory and legal framework that will contribute to the inclusion of Ukrainian neobanks into the EUʼs financial space. The research is based on the hypothesis that the existing regu­latory gap in the organization and supervision of neobanking in the EU and Ukraine prevents Ukrainian neobanks from fully realizing their innovative and competitive potential. The research aim was accomplished thanks to the application of a wide range of general scientific and specia­lized methods, in particular a comprehensive review of scientific sources, legal, comparative, statistical performance analysis, case study, grou­ping and systematization, as well as formulation of neobanks regulation policy content. The rele­van­ce of impro­ving the regulation system of neobanks has been proven, taking into account the acceleration of the global expansion of neobanks as an alternative to the traditional banking business. The article reveals develop­ment trends and reasons for the growing popu­larity of neobanks in certain countries, as well as successful regulatory initiatives that can be adapted for implementation in Ukraine in order to overcome the challenges and threats that Ukrainian neobanks are currently facing. A parti­cular emphasis is placed on the study of the regu­latory system of neobanks in the EU countries, which is based on the principles of financial stability, consumer protection, and pre­ven­tion of financial crimes. On the basis of a comparative analysis of different approaches, successful initiatives for implementation in Ukrai­ne have been determined, which will make it possible to adapt the regulatory infrastructure of the neobanking sector to the level of best practices. Such adaptation is necessary, since the imper­fection of the current regulatory and legal framework makes it impossible to compre­hen­sively analyze and effectively control the neobanksʼ activities, which causes risk of uncer­tainty, unreli­ability of services, threats to secu­rity and compliance with international regula­tory and legal requirements. This dimini­shes trust on the part of clients and investors, thereby hindering their international compe­titiveness. To ensure the sustainable develop­ment of neobanks in Ukraine, a roadmap for the step-by-step formation of the regulatory infra­struc­ture of the neobanking sector has been developed