Potential Energy Source Research Articles

An innovative interpretable combined learning model for wind speed forecasting

Wind energy is taken as one of the most potential green energy sources, whose accurate and stable prediction is important to improve the efficiency of wind turbines as well as to guarantee the power balance and economic dispatch of power systems and equipment safety. However, the random and fluctuating nature of wind speed poses a great risk to wind power grid connections. To address the issues of low prediction performance and lack of interpretable analysis in most past studies, this research proposes an interpretable combined learning model for wind speed time series prediction by combining linear models, different neural networks, and deep learning by introducing interpretable TFT models. To test the effectiveness of the forecasting models, the presented combined model is verified using eight wind speed datasets covering four seasons collected from two wind farms in Shaanxi, China. The experimental results show that the average root mean squared error of the one-step, two-step, and three-step predictions on the eight datasets for proposed model are 0.3448, 0.4586 and 0.6164, respectively, which are much better than the six single models and the six combined models with different strategies. And proposed model outperforms the single model and combined model in most cases, with 86.80% and 92.01% of the DM values greater than the corresponding critical values when the significance level is set to 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. Finally, the proposed model is discussed and analyzed in depth through interpretability analysis of the combined model, which further validates the potential of the model and also provides a reference for other time series forecasting studies.

Exploring artificial intelligence techniques to research low energy nuclear reactions.

The world urgently needs new sources of clean energy due to a growing global population, rising energy use, and the effects of climate change. Nuclear energy is one of the most promising solutions for meeting the world's energy needs now and in the future. One type of nuclear energy, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), has gained interest as a potential clean energy source. Recent AI advancements create new ways to help research LENR and to comprehensively analyze the relationships between experimental parameters, materials, and outcomes across diverse LENR research endeavors worldwide. This study explores and investigates the effectiveness of modern AI capabilities leveraging embedding models and topic modeling techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), BERTopic, and Top2Vec, in elucidating the underlying structure and prevalent themes within a large LENR research corpus. These methodologies offer unique perspectives on understanding relationships and trends within the LENR research landscape, thereby facilitating advancements in this crucial energy research area. Furthermore, the study presents LENRsim, an experimental machine learning tool to identify similar LENR studies, along with a user-friendly web interface for widespread adoption and utilization. The findings contribute to the understanding and progression of LENR research through data-driven analysis and tool development, enabling more informed decision-making and strategic planning for future research in this field. The insights derived from this study, along with the experimental tools we developed and deployed, hold the potential to significantly aid researchers in advancing their studies of LENR.

Distribution of Oil Shale and Its Comprehensive Use

As a potential alternative energy source, oil shale has richer reserves than traditional fossil fuels. Its comprehensive utilisation has been extended to many fields, improving resource utilisation, and reducing costs and environmental pollution. By analysing the resource characteristics, development technology, utilisation mode, policy measures, and environmental impacts of oil shale, this paper summarises the current status of the development of China’s oil shale industry and the existing problems and puts forward development prospects and suggestions. The study found that oil shale development faces challenges such as complex geological conditions, immature technology, imperfect policies, and high environmental impacts. However, through technological innovation and policy support, resource utilisation can be effectively improved, costs reduced and environmental pollution reduced. This paper is expected to provide reasonable suggestions for the rational development and efficient use of oil shale resources in China. The strategic and effective exploitation of oil shale resources in China has the potential to decrease reliance on conventional oil and gas sources, bolster energy self-sufficiency and stability, and significantly contribute to the restructuring of the global energy landscape, contributing to the realisation of energy diversification and sustainable development.

Numerical Study of Tandem Installation of Twin Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbines on PLTU Paiton Cooling Water Channel

Water energy is a renewable energy source that has enormous potential in Indonesia. In PLTU Paiton, there is a cooling water channel with a width of 15 m and a depth of 10 m with a water flow speed of 1 - 2.8 m/s. Of course, this is a source of energy that will be wasted if not utilised. This research proposes to exploit this potential energy source by installing twin Savonius hydrokinetic turbines arranged in tandem. This research uses numerical simulations to determine the optimal longitudinal distance between the twin turbines. The simulation configures two tandem turbines rotating in the same direction. The variations in this research are the distance between the two turbines. The turbine is simulated with a water flow speed of 2 m/s. The results obtained are that the greater the distance between the two tandem turbines, the better the performance of the two turbines. At the distance of T/D = 2.1, the front turbine and rear turbine influence each other, and distance of T/D = 70, the rear turbine does not affect the performance of the front turbine but the front turbine still affects the performance of the rear turbine.

Biogas Production, Upgrading, and Utilization: A Comprehensive Review

In recent years, researchers have made tremendous efforts to produce alternative fuels from bioresources, to lower the carbon footprint and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Biogas is a potential energy source for achieving this due to its renewable nature, eco-friendliness, and low cost. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a prominent method of biogas production through the actions of consortia of bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Upgrading biogas is required to meet the requirements of the potential utilization area. This study aims to review the different biogas production, upgrading, and utilization technologies available in the literature. It further provides a matching framework for the biogas quality required for any potential utilization area to the upgrading technologies needed to achieve the quality. Also, this review examines future work to be done in the areas of biogas production, upgrading, and utilization, as well as government policies that could enhance the implementation of this future work.

PLANNING STUDY OF HYBRID POWER PLANT SOLAR PV-DIESEL GENERATOR ON KODINGARE ISLAND, SINJAI REGENCY

Kodingare Island is located in Pulau Sembilan District, Sinjai Regency, one of nine islands. Currently, most people still rely on conventional energy from diesel power plants. The reason is that this island does not yet receive an electricity supply from the electricity grid due to the geographical limitations of the archipelago. It is known that the most potential renewable energy source on Kodingare Island is solar energy, with a potential for solar radiation reaching 5.86 kWh/m2/day. This research aims to analyze an innovation that combines PV and solar, where PV acts as the main electricity generator, while solar functions as a backup and additional energy source. The method used in this research uses simulation methods, layout modeling, and financial analysis using HOMER Pro simulation software to determine the potential and performance of hybrid power plants and SketchUp Pro software to produce three-dimensional layouts and economic and feasibility values obtained through financial analysis. Technical aspects include producing an electrical energy system of 37,029 Wh/year, consisting of PV of 32,981 Wh/year and solar of 4,048 Wh/year with energy consumption of 33,850 Wh/year. The required fuel consumption is 2,086 L/year, with excess electricity of 931 kWh/year and renewable energy penetration of 89.1%. From an economic perspective, planning this hybrid power system requires an investment of 258.290.000 IDR, O&M costs of 19.350.600 IDR, and the cost of energy value of 1,352/kWh IDR. In contrast, from the feasibility aspect of planning a hybrid electric power system, it is said to be feasible because it produces a Net Present Value of 9,870,151 IDR, is more significant than zero, the Profitability Index is 1.03 greater than one, the Internal Rate of Return is 8.90% greater than the credit interest rate of 8.43% and the Payback Period required for return of capital is nine years nine months.

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Silencing ScGUX2 reduces xylan glucuronidation and improves biomass saccharification in sugarcane.

There is an increasing need for renewable energy sources to replace part of our fossil fuel-based economy and reduce greenhouse gas emission. Sugarcane bagasse is a prominent feedstock to produce cellulosic bioethanol, but strategies are still needed to improve the cost-effective exploitation of this potential energy source. In model plants, it has been shown that GUX genes are involved in cell wall hemicellulose decoration, adding glucuronic acid substitutions on the xylan backbone. Mutation of GUX genes increases enzyme access to cell wall polysaccharides, reducing biomass recalcitrance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we characterized the sugarcane GUX genes and silenced GUX2 in commercial hybrid sugarcane. The transgenic lines had no penalty in development under greenhouse conditions. The sugarcane GUX1 and GUX2 enzymes generated different patterns of xylan glucuronidation, suggesting they may differently influence the molecular interaction of xylan with cellulose and lignin. Studies using biomass without chemical or steam pretreatment showed that the cell wall polysaccharides, particularly xylan, were less recalcitrant in sugarcane with GUX2 silenced than in WT plants. Our findings suggest that manipulation of GUX in sugarcane can reduce the costs of second-generation ethanol production and enhance the contribution of biofuels to lowering the emission of greenhouse gases.

Cobalt Organic Framework Supported over Carbon-Based Materials as Novel Catalysts in the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride

It is no secret that the global supplies of fossil fuel resources have been steadily dwindling. While there is no consensus on when the reserves will be completely depleted, there has been an effort among scientists to find a new, sustainable energy source for the future. It is generally agreed that such a source needs to not only be abundant, but also avoid the harmful biproducts of current fuel sources. Some proposed energy sources include solar, wind, geothermal and more. While each of these sources have their benefits, they also have their drawbacks and the cost to install and maintain these sources, as well as the environmental damage done during their construction can offset their benefits. One potential new energy source can be found in hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is not only the most abundant element in the universe, but its gaseous form can be burned to produce only energy and water [1-12]. The biggest hurdle a hydrogen economy faces is in the storage of the highly combustible gas. An interesting method of storing hydrogen is via adsorption within the chemical structure of a molecule. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for example is a chemical that contains 10.8% hydrogen by weight and steadily releases hydrogen gas when mixed with water.1 In order to efficiently utilize this reaction a catalyst is required. Typical catalysts are often precious metals like platinum, gold, and palladium, which tend to be expensive to use. By forming these metals into nanoparticles, their surface area can be increased, which increases their catalytic potential, however, these nanoparticles have a tendency to agglomerate in solution. Previous work by this team explored the catalytic capability of these metals and notes the use of carbon-based support structures can mitigate this agglomeration.2-4 This study aims to expand on those studies by using cobalt nanoparticles, which is a more cost-effective metal. Two novel Cobalt terephthalate complexes were combined with graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) respectively, then tested for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. These materials were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Powdered X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was observed that after a single reaction, our materials appeared to be converted into cobalt borohydrides. The hydrogen produced for each material was 73 mL and 76 mL for the graphene and MWCNT materials, respectively. This study provides a possible method for producing cheaper, cleaner energy for a more sustainable future.

Production and utilization of green ammonia for decarbonizing the energy sector with a discrete focus on Sustainable Development Goals and environmental impact and technical hurdles

Green ammonia produced from renewable sources with little to no carbon emissions is considered as a carbon-free energy. Specifically, ammonia is an attractive energy carrier because of its high energy density, comparatively low-cost, and ease of liquefaction and storage. Ammonia generated worldwide is being used majorly as fertilizer however, in recent days, it has drawn more interest as a potential energy source and direct fuel in three key sectors namely electricity, transport, and heating. However, using green ammonia in diverse sectors has numerous challenges and limitations. Thus, this review aims to address the significance and application of green ammonia in the hydrogen energy sector and techno hurdles and environmental impact assessment of green ammonia utilization. At the outset, the importance of green ammonia and its utilization as a hydrogen energy carrier, the Power-to-ammonia-to-power (P2A2P) system, and the role of green ammonia in the Sustainable Development Goals were critically discussed. In the succeeding chapter, green ammonia's technological obstacles and its environmental impact were extensively articulated with state-of-the-art articles to lay a roadmap for decarbonizing the environment/energy sector by successfully utilizing ammonia as a hydrogen energy carrier/carbon-free green energy.

Balancing energy security and marine pollution prevention: legal challenges of utilizing nuclear power for decarbonizing maritime transportation in the Arctic region.

The Arctic region is facing growing demands for energy to support various economic activities, while also grappling with the profound impacts of climate change. Black carbon particulate matter emissions reduction is a key objective to mitigate the susceptibility of the Arctic's ecosystems to the impact of climate change. Nuclear power has been suggested as a potential source of clean energy to decarbonize maritime transport in the Arctic. However, although the operation of nuclear-powered vessels and floating nuclear power platforms in the region ensures energy security and reduces black carbon emissions, it may pose significant risks of nuclear material release and radiological accidents and raise concerns about improper radioactive waste disposal. In regulating these nuclear-powered vessels and floating nuclear power platforms in the Arctic, the existing international legal regime faced a series of challenges. This research employs a method of policy analysis to analyze these legal challenges and explores how the international community could work together to cope with the challenges that arise in the Arctic during the operation of nuclear-powered vessels and platforms for maritime decarbonization purposes.

Simultaneous wastewater treatment and H2 evolution using Mg-Cu galvanic coupling

Contamination-free drinking water and potential sources of green energy are two major concerns of modern society. This article aims to address these through the development of some novel processes and facile experimental setups using analytical grade metals and seawater. Here, the Mg-Cu galvanic coupling process has been successfully used for dye removal from industrial wastewater and for green H2 production. It has been observed that the electrochemical process in the presence of seawater removes ∼100 % rhodamine B, ∼91 % methyl orange and ∼72 % methyl blue dyes within 240 min through an electrochemical reaction. The rate of dye degradation can be enhanced by increasing the area of the counter electrode. The H2 evolution is simultaneously observed from both window and counter electrodes during the dye degradation process. Collected H2 from both electrodes is equivalent to the NTP H2 volume against a meagre loss of metallic Mg dissolved in seawater. In the present work, H2 is produced for the first time by removing the pollutant from wastewater without using any external energy and without hindering the rate of H2 production.

Review of Micro- and Nanobubble Technologies: Advancements in Theory and Applications and Perspectives on Adsorption Cooling and Desalination Systems

Adsorption refrigerators are a compelling ecological alternative to compressor refrigerators; global warming forces us to constantly look for alternative sources of energy and cold. Cold production in adsorption chillers is based on the use of heat generated by other processes running in the company. Waste heat from production processes, which has, until now, been irretrievably lost, is a potential source of energy for generating cold via an adsorption unit producing chilled water. Cooling optimizes the use of the heating network in summer and can lead to increased electricity production while reducing heat supply losses. Thus far, attempts to implement adsorption refrigerators for widespread use have not been successful as a result of the low efficiency of these devices; this is directly related to the poor heat and mass transfer conditions in the beds and heat exchangers of adsorption refrigerators. The solutions used so far, such as new working pairs, glued beds or modifications to the structure or cycle length, are still not strong enough for these devices. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new solutions. Using micro- and nanobubbles as media to increase mass and heat transfer in refrigerators is an innovative and pioneering solution. Thus, this document describes the most important features of micro- and nanobubble technology applications in adsorption refrigerators. This article is an introduction and a basis for the implementation of further research, consolidating the existing literature as a review.

Transformative power production futures: citizen jury deliberations in Saskatchewan, Canada

BackgroundTransforming power production systems to achieve net zero emissions and address climate change will require deep structural changes, partially dependent on community perceptions of the necessary energy transition. The article presents results from 2-day citizen juries held in four communities of Saskatchewan, Canada: Estevan, Swift Current, Regina, and Saskatoon in 2021/22 whose purpose was to determine if place attachment impacts future power production preferences and whether social learning can be achieved. Mixed research methods included a survey before and after the citizen juries and a qualitative analysis of the discussions and outputs.ResultsResearch results confirm that while there are common concerns across communities about unbiased information, transparent decision-making, justice/equity concerns, and people's involvement, community-imagined energy futures can be very divergent. Not only place-based attachment, the existent industry and infrastructure surrounding the community impact preferences but also openness to learning and group dynamics contribute. Focused deliberations on the complex problem of climate change advance social learning.The coal, oil, and gas community of Estevan supported coal, natural gas, and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to a substantially larger extent than other communities, even increasing their preference for coal after the citizen jury. Saskatoon chose Small Modular Reactors (SMR) as their top choice, whereas Swift Current switched from preferring natural gas to solar and SMRs.ConclusionsThe findings from the jury sessions suggest changing attitudes toward SMRs as a potential source of energy, as well as a shift from cost considerations to environmental. Future research implications could include differing methodologies and potentially partnering beyond academia. Jurors all expressed the desire for greater government leadership, urging the government to demonstrate accountability, hold large enterprises accountable, and be more proactive in bringing parties together.

NIR-Activatable Heterostructured Nanoadjuvant CoP/NiCoP Executing Lactate Metabolism Interventions for Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Therapy and Photoimmunotherapy.

Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced photoimmunotherapy has aroused great interest due to its intrinsic noninvasiveness and spatiotemporal precision, while immune evasion evoked by lactic acid (LA) accumulation severely limits its clinical outcomes. Although several metabolic interventions have been devoted to ameliorate immunosuppression, intracellular residual LA still remains a potential energy source for oncocyte proliferation. Herein, an immunomodulatory nanoadjuvant based on a yolk-shell CoP/NiCoP (CNCP) heterostructure loaded with the monocarboxylate transporter 4 inhibitor fluvastatin sodium (Flu) is constructed to concurrently relieve immunosuppression and elicit robust antitumor immunity. Under NIR irradiation, CNCP heterojunctions exhibit superior photothermal performance and photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen. The continuous heat then facilitates Flu release to restrain LA exudation from tumor cells, whereas cumulative LA can be depleted as a hole scavenger to improve photocatalytic efficiency. Subsequently, potentiated photocatalytic therapy can not only initiate systematic immunoreaction, but also provoke severe mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupt the energy supply for heat shock protein synthesis, in turn realizing mild photothermal therapy. Consequently, LA metabolic remodeling endows an intensive cascade treatment with an optimal safety profile to effectually suppress tumor proliferation and metastasis, which offers a new paradigm for the development of metabolism-regulated immunotherapy.

Insights into the kinetics, thermodynamics and evolved gases for the pyrolysis of freshly excreted and solid-liquid separated swine manures

Swine manure (SM) is one of the dominant livestock wastes in China. Pyrolysis is increasingly needed in valorizing SM into diverse products. However, little is known about the pyrolysis characteristics for SM. The results showed that the common-used solid-liquid separation in the SM management chain changed its physicochemical properties and pyrolysis characteristics. Specifically, the average activation energies (Ea) calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissenger-Akahira-Sunose and Starink models for SM collected in pigsty (SM-A) were 184.70, 181.34 and 181.73 kJ/mol (R2 > 0.9) at conversion rate (a) = 0.2–0.7, respectively, which were increased by > 30 kJ/mol for solid-liquid separated SM (SM-B). Top pre-exponential values (A) for SM-A were also lower than these for SM-B. The ΔG and ΔS were decreased with the progressing of SM-A pyrolysis, while these for SM-B pyrolysis showed increases. Furthermore, SM-A pyrolysis produced more gas species than SM-B, which was more reactive during pyrolysis. Finally, this study suggested that although SM could be a potential energy source through the conversion by pyrolysis, attention should be paid on the impacts of manure management chain on SM pyrolysis.

Thermodynamic Constitutive Model of the Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Considering Anisotropy

Gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) are considered a significant potential energy source. However, the decomposition of hydrates can lead to various geological hazards. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical properties of GHBS is essential to ensure the safe extraction of gas hydrate. This paper presents a constitutive model for GHBS that incorporates anisotropy, based on the theory of thermodynamics. To account for the effects of hydrate filling and cementing, two parameters are introduced into the dissipation function of the model. The filling effect is expressed through the densification mechanism, which increases the density of the host sediment. The cementing effect is represented by the enhanced expansion of the yield surface. The yield function incorporates the spacing ratio [Formula: see text] and the teardrop shape parameter [Formula: see text], which govern the shape of the yield surface, as well as the anisotropy angle [Formula: see text], which signifies the anisotropic evolution law. The physical significance of these parameters is also elucidated. The anisotropic evolution is described by an exponential function. The proposed model is compared to both the test results and the existing constitutive model, and it is found that it provides more accurate predictions of the mechanical properties of GHBS.

Spatiotemporal Variability of the Characteristics of the Black Sea Eddies Based on the Results of Their Three-Dimensional Identification Using NEMO Model Simulation

The vertical variability of the geometric, dynamic, and thermohaline characteristics of Black Sea eddies is studied using three-dimensional identification of closed streamlines based on the results of simulations of the NEMO model in 2006–2016. The vertical extent of eddies depends linearly on their orbital velocity and significantly affects the speed of their translation motion. The influence of the background current on the upper part of the eddy leads to the mean tilt of the vertical axis of anticyclones in the cyclonic direction and this tilt is maximum in the zone of the Black Sea Rim Current. The eddies occupying the upper layer (up to 150 m) move relatively quickly at a speed of 0.08–0.14 m/s, since they are advected by the Rim Current. The most intense eddy dynamics is observed over the continental slope in the upper 20–70 m layer, where the probability of observing eddies exceeds 30%. Several maxima appear in the surface layer on the shallow northwestern shelf near the mouths of the Danube, Southern Bug, and Dnieper rivers. The relationship between the orbital velocity of eddies, their thermohaline structure, and stratification were estimated. Stability decreases in anticyclonic eddies within the layer 40–100 m due to the lowering of the pycnocline, and in cyclones it increases due to its elevation; in the underlying layers a compensating change of the opposite sign is observed. However, as the orbital velocity increases in the eddies of both signs, a decrease in stratification occurs in the upper 0–100 m layer, which is probably associated with an increase in the vertical shear of the current velocity. Three-dimensional identification of eddies makes it possible to track in detail changes in the individual characteristics of an eddy during its evolution. Using the example of an eddy off the Anatolian coast, it is shown that intensification of anticyclones is associated with the processes of entrainment of shelf waters, which can be one of the important sources of potential energy for anticyclones in the Black Sea.

Characterization of Three Sugarcane Varieties as Agro-Residue for Bioenergy Use in the Ecuadorian Andes

There is a growing trend toward the use of renewable sources to produce clean energy and mitigate the effects of climate change. Second-generation lignocellulose biomasses, such as agro-residues, comprise a potential energy source as a byproduct of agriculture. Ecuador has optimal climate conditions that allow for the cultivation of different types of crops. This makes agriculture a relevant economic activity in the country; however, the residues obtained from agriculture have not been investigated for the establishment of a bioenergy industry. This study evaluated the potential of three varieties of sugarcane bagasse, named PR 980, CC 85-92, and CB 40-59, for bioenergy production in the Ecuadorian Andes. The bagasse was quantified by means of weighing, and then evaluated via calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis as well as proximal and elemental analysis. The results showed that these materials met the criteria for direct combustion, exhibiting both a low nitrogen content of 0.30 ± 0.12% and ash values of 6.20 ± 1.20%. Among the analyzed varieties, CB 40-69 stood out as the most suitable for power generation within the cogeneration system; this was attributed to its superior dry calorific value of 17.37 ± 1.45 MJ kg−1, greater presence of volatile materials, and negligible ash content. Variety CB 40-69 (157.91 t ha−1) reported the highest biomass and bagasse production (56.32 t ha−1). Analysis of the SCB structure concluded that the three varieties did not differ significantly in their contents of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, which is essential to implementing an industrial process for bioethanol production.

Interplay between autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotic metabolism in the bathypelagic realm revealed by metatranscriptomic analyses

BackgroundHeterotrophic microbes inhabiting the dark ocean largely depend on the settling of organic matter from the sunlit ocean. However, this sinking of organic materials is insufficient to cover their demand for energy and alternative sources such as chemoautotrophy have been proposed. Reduced sulfur compounds, such as thiosulfate, are a potential energy source for both auto- and heterotrophic marine prokaryotes.MethodsSeawater samples were collected from Labrador Sea Water (LSW, ~ 2000 m depth) in the North Atlantic and incubated in the dark at in situ temperature unamended, amended with 1 µM thiosulfate, or with 1 µM thiosulfate plus 10 µM glucose and 10 µM acetate (thiosulfate plus dissolved organic matter, DOM). Inorganic carbon fixation was measured in the different treatments and samples for metatranscriptomic analyses were collected after 1 h and 72 h of incubation.ResultsAmendment of LSW with thiosulfate and thiosulfate plus DOM enhanced prokaryotic inorganic carbon fixation. The energy generated via chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy in the amended prokaryotic communities was used for the biosynthesis of glycogen and phospholipids as storage molecules. The addition of thiosulfate stimulated unclassified bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing Deltaproteobacteria (SAR324 cluster bacteria), Epsilonproteobacteria (Sulfurimonas sp.), and Gammaproteobacteria (SUP05 cluster bacteria), whereas, the amendment with thiosulfate plus DOM stimulated typically copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria (closely related to Vibrio sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.).ConclusionsThe gene expression pattern of thiosulfate utilizing microbes specifically of genes involved in energy production via sulfur oxidation and coupled to CO2 fixation pathways coincided with the change in the transcriptional profile of the heterotrophic prokaryotic community (genes involved in promoting energy storage), suggesting a fine-tuned metabolic interplay between chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the dark ocean.13R5usaxM1iwstSWbHDM6jVideo