Maximum Potential Energy Research Articles

Numerical Analysis and Validation of Fracture Toughness Factors using BEMCRACKER2D through Boundary Element Method

Fracture Mechanics (MF) represents a complex domain in the study of materials and structures that exhibit flaws, known as cracks. Over the last century, we have witnessed progress in the development of studies related to MF, consolidating it with practical applications in the field of structural engineering, particularly in prominent sectors such as the naval and aerospace industries, where crack prediction is of paramount importance. However, given the inherent complexity of these challenges, there is an increasing reliance on the application of numerical methods, particularly the Boundary Element Method (BEM), to perform computational analyses of crack propagation, based on the principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). In this scenario, the present study conducts an analysis of fracture toughness factors, k1 and k2 comparing numerical curves derived from models found in the literature with those obtained through the implementation of crack propagation prediction criteria (such as Maximum Circumferential Stress, Maximum Potential Energy Release Rate, and Minimum Strain Energy Density), using BEM. To generate these curves, the software BEMLAB2D and BEMCRACKER2D were used, developed for modeling and analysis via BEM, respectively. The results obtained confirm the efficacy of numerical methods, demonstrating good convergence between the numerical curves from the literature and those generated by the applications. Among the prediction criteria, the Maximum Circumferential Stress method stands out as having the greatest correspondence with experimental results.

Trends in extreme rainfall over the past 55 years suggest springtime subhourly rainfall extremes have intensified in Mahantango Creek, Pennsylvania

Extreme short-duration rainfall is intensifying with climate warming, and growing evidence suggests that subhourly rainfall extremes are increasing faster than more widely studied durations at hourly and daily timescales. In this case study, we used 55 years (1968–2022) of 5-min precipitation data from Mahantango Creek, a long-term experimental agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, United States, to examine annual and seasonal changes in subhourly (15-min), hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. Specifically, we evaluated temporal trends in the magnitude and frequency of subhourly, hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. We then estimated apparent scaling rates between rainfall extremes and dew point temperature (Td) and compared these rates to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate (∼ 7% per °C). We also determined the coincidence of extreme rainfall trends with indicators of atmospheric instability and convective-type precipitation. Overall, we found the most significant changes in rainfall extremes at 15-min durations during the spring, with magnitudes of these subhourly extremes increasing by 0.6 to 0.9% per year, and frequencies rising by 3.4% per year. Apparent scaling rates in the spring showed that 15-min rainfall extremes transitioned from sub-CC scaling to greater than 2CC scaling when Td reached 11° C, implying a possible shift from stratiform rains to more intense convective rains above this Td threshold. Notably, trends in maximum hourly convective available potential energy (CAPE) increased during spring, as did the ratio of 15-min rainfall extremes to their corresponding daily rainfall totals. Findings indicate that convective-type precipitation may be playing an increasing role in the intensification of springtime 15-min rainfall extremes in Mahantango Creek.

Dynamics and energy harvesting of a flow-induced snapping sheet with nonuniform stiffness distribution

Energy harvesting through periodic snap-through of a buckled sheet has recently gained considerable attention because of its potential applications in energy harvesting in low incoming flow. Although the snapping dynamics of uniform buckled sheets has been extensively studied, the present work focuses on the energy harvesting and dynamics of a nonuniform snapping sheet with both of its ends clamped in a channel flow. The analysis reveals that the sheet undergoes periodic snap-through oscillations, with its rear half consistently serving as the main contributor to effective energy harvesting, and the potential energy contributing significantly more than the kinetic energy. Varying the stiffness difference ΔEI* shows that increasing the stiffness of the rear part and decreasing that of the fore part shifts the deformation wave toward upstream and enhances the snapping amplitude of the fore part, optimizing energy extraction. At a length compression ratio ΔL* = 0.3, the maximum potential energy is observed for ΔEI* = 1, and the total energy peaks at ΔEI* = 2. The study also identifies an optimal ΔL* = 0.4 that maximizes both total and potential energies, and triples the potential energy in comparison with ΔL* = 0.1. However, the enhancement of nonuniformity disappears at ΔL* > 0.3 for the total energy and ΔL* > 0.2 for the potential energy. These findings provide insights to aid optimization of the design and performance of snapping sheet energy harvesters.

Thermoelastic damping properties in hemi-ellipsoidal shells with variable thickness

Thermoelastic damping (TED) is a fundamental dissipation mechanism that inevitably exists in shell resonators with high quality factors. Based on the thermal energy method, this paper demonstrates an effective method for the TED characterization of the hemi-ellipsoidal shells with variable thickness which manifest lower TED compared with the hemispherical shells. The equation of motion of the hemi-ellipsoidal shell under clamped-free boundary conditions is established by Hamilton's principle and the assumed mode method, and the natural frequencies and mode shape functions of the hemi-ellipsoidal shell with variable thickness are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem. The temperature field is acquired by solving the heat conduction equation along the radial direction, and an analytical model for the TED of the hemi-ellipsoidal shell with variable thickness is presented by calculating the maximum elastic potential energy and the work lost per cycle of vibration due to irreversible heat conduction. Analysis on TED at the vibration patterns of meridional wave number m = 1 and the circumferential wave number n = 2 or 3 where the shell resonators typically operate is carried out. The analytically calculated TED results are compared with those of the finite element method (FEM) to verify the feasibility and correctness of the present method. The influences of the geometrical parameters on the TED characteristics of the hemi-ellipsoidal shells with variable thickness are analyzed in detail. A meaningful discovery is that compared with the hemispherical shell, the hemi-ellipsoidal shell with variable thickness has a smaller TED when its semiminor axis is shorter than the semimajor axis, which is particularly significant for optimizing the design of the shell resonators with high quality factors.

Computer-Based Experiment for the Motion of Spring Oscillator on a Linear Air Track Using Ultrasonic Sensor.

In the present paper, an affordable innovative physical experimental equipment consisting of an upper computer, an ultrasonic sensor module, and an Arduino microcontroller has been designed. The relationship between the position of the slider fixed on two springs and time is measured by using the ultrasonic sensor module. A system for slider motion data and image acquisition is constructed by using the LabVIEW interface of Arduino UNO R3. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate and interpret the propagation of waves represented by harmonic motion. The spring oscillator system including a slider and two springs is measured and recorded, and the motion can be realized using curve fitting to the wave equation in Sigmaplot. The vibration periods obtained from experimental measurements and curve fitting of the wave equation are 1.130 s and 1.165 s, respectively. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical model. The experimental measurement results show that the maximum kinetic energy is 0.0792 J, the maximum potential energy is 0.0795 J, and the total energy at the position of half the amplitude is 0.0791 J. The results verify the mechanical energy conservation of spring oscillator system in a short time. This self-made instrument has improved the visualization and the automation level of the corresponding experiments.

Establishing mechanisms for nonlinear collector tribodynamics of magnetization under ferroresonance regimes

The paper considers a parallel electromagnetic oscillating circuit with a nonlinear inductance under conditions of excitation of ferroresonances. Physical mechanisms of dynamic self-regulation of the system of spin magnetic moments of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic dielectrics in the surrounding magnetic field are established. It is shown that upon entering the magnetic saturation regime, the effect of dynamic antiferroresonance is observed, due to the cyclic reversal of magnetization in the internal magnetic field. This effect has a collector character and corresponds to the maximum potential energy of the magnetic moment in the field and the antiparallel orientation of the moment with respect to the field. Such regimes are realized in thermodynamically non-equilibrium conditions and are correlated with unstable equilibrium positions of the corresponding mechanical analogues. The resulting forms of oscillations correlate with the dynamics of an inverted pendulum and have a significantly non-harmonic character. Autosynchronization of frequencies and nonlinear mixing of such forms with quasi-static modes imitating the time form of external excitation of oscillations were revealed. It is shown that the nonlinearity of ferromagnetic elements self-limits the height of resonance maxima. And on the other hand, it contributes to the cascade transport of energy by the spectrum of disturbances, which can have negative consequences when exciting low-frequency ferroresonances in power grids. The effect of dynamic antiferroresonance has the opposite direction to the known quasi-static behavior of the system of spin magnetic moments in an external field and must be taken into account when calculating and operating electrical systems with nonlinear inductances. Examples of collector self-oscillating modes similar in their physical mechanisms in nonlinear contact tribodynamics systems are given

Vibrations and thermoelastic quality factors of hemispherical shells with fillets

In engineering applications, hemispherical shell resonators are typically machined with fillets to reduce stress concentration and enhance structure strength. The fillets will inevitably affect the dynamic properties and the mechanical quality factor of hemispherical shell resonators, which has been seldom investigated before. In this paper, an effective analytical method is developed to explore the free vibration and thermoelastic damping (TED) characteristics of the hemispherical shell with fillets. The fillets are characterized by the variation in the thickness of the hemispherical shell during modelling. The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used to describe the theoretical formulas of the hemispherical shell with fillets. By employing the unified Jacobi polynomials and Fourier series as the assumed mode shape functions, the equation of motion of the structure is established by Hamilton's principle and the assumed mode method. The analytical model for thermoelastic quality factor (QTED) which is determined by TED is obtained by computing the dissipated energy and the maximum elastic potential energy of the hemispherical shell with fillets. The validity and accuracy of the present method are confirmed by comparing the present solutions with the published results and those obtained from the finite element method (FEM). The influences of fillets on the vibration behaviors and QTED characteristics of the hemispherical shells are analyzed in detail. The present model can be used to optimize the design of the fillets of the hemispherical shell resonators with high quality factors.

The quantum cartpole: A benchmark environment for non-linear reinforcement learning

Feedback-based control is the de-facto standard when it comes to controlling classical stochastic systems and processes. However, standard feedback-based control methods are challenged by quantum systems due to measurement induced backaction and partial observability. Here we remedy this by using weak quantum measurements and model-free reinforcement learning agents to perform quantum control. By comparing control algorithms with and without state estimators to stabilize a quantum particle in an unstable state near a local potential energy maximum, we show how a trade-off between state estimation and controllability arises. For the scenario where the classical analogue is highly nonlinear, the reinforcement learned controller has an advantage over the standard controller. Additionally, we demonstrate the feasibility of using transfer learning to develop a quantum control agent trained via reinforcement learning on a classical surrogate of the quantum control problem. Finally, we present results showing how the reinforcement learning control strategy differs from the classical controller in the non-linear scenarios.

Implementation of fuzzy logic MPPT based on Arduino in small scale PV pumping system

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) affected directly by climatic changes, The controller maintain maximum potential energy conversation to operate the pimping system at nominal conditions, fuzzy logic intelligent controllers are successfully suitable and applicable in engineering and applied science. The aim of this paper is present an experimental approach in Implementation of fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with boost converter based on Arduino Mega micro-controller to maximize energy production in different weather condition applied to small scale pumping system for water and chemical fluid analyses in isolated area. The system is supplied by 20 (W) solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. This paper present a real-time MATLAB/Simulink fuzzy logic method controlling and monitoring MPPT application using an low cost Arduino Mega micro-controller combined with (LV25, LP55) sensors controlling boost converter interconnected with solar panel and plastic pump.

A Developed Shear Wave Source for Shallow Seismic Survey

Shear wave velocity is a fundamental parameter in determining geological structures and soil characteristics for geotechnical and earthquake engineering studies. In shallow seismic data acquisition, shear wave is generated by various seismic sources. Although the data quality is affected by the choices of the seismic source, applying highly efficient sources is sometimes limited for some users and by the budget available for a project. Therefore, this work aims to design and develop an effective shear wave seismic source as an alternative for shallow seismic surveys. The developed source consists of 4 main parts, including base plate, activated mass, lifting and shooting system, body and transportation system. It is simply operated by lifting an activated mass with a sling and puller to the armed position. Under this condition, an attached spring is under compression and the maximum potential energy is stored. When the mass is released and horizontally hit the base plate, shear wave is generated by the momentum and energy transferred from the base plate into the ground. To evaluate the source capability, a comparison of the conventional and the developed source was performed at a test site. The recorded data were compared both in qualitative and quantitative manners based on the signal-to-noise ratio, energy and frequency content, signal penetration, and repeatability. It was found that signal energy generated by one blow of the developed source is equivalent to approximately three-fold of the conventional source. There is a remarkably higher repeatability from the developed source than that from the conventional source. Moreover, it is easy to operate, portable, and minimizes required man power. Overall, the new shear source is suitable and has potential application for shallow seismic surveys. HIGHLIGHTS The new shear wave seismic source has been developed and tested as an alternative source for shallow seismic surveys The key advantages of the developed source are that it is simple to operate, reduces required manpower, fairly cost-effective, transportable, safe, and has a minimal environmental impact There is a noticeably higher input signal energy transfer offered by the source leading to the deeper target depth of investigation The better repeatable waveform led to greater accuracy of the 1st break picking in the data processing GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effect of periodic loading on mechanical properties of sintered nano-silver components

The sintered nano-silver has been widely concerned by the industry in the field of electronic packing. Researches on sintered nano-silver have mostly focused on individual tensile or compressive loading conditions. In the paper, the mechanical properties of sintered nano-silver components were investigated under the periodic tensile and compressive loads by molecular dynamics method. The influence of periodic load on it was studied, and the difference between sintered and unsintered nano-silver under the same condition was analyzed and compared. Under different periodic loads, the different number of periods do not affect the initial potential energy, and their maximum potential energy peaks are not different. Under the periodic load of different tensile rates, the maximum potential energy increases with the increase of the tensile rate. The yield stress of sintered nano-silver is higher than that of unsintered nano-silver under different periodic loads and different tensile rates. The results show that the sintering process improves the mechanical properties of nano-silver components.

A two-stage parallel hybrid method for power system dynamic security assessment

Abstract The present paper introduces a hybrid method based on both the Lyapunov’s direct approach using the Potential Energy Boundary Surface method and parallel time-domain simulation for fast power system dynamic security assessment. The main contribution in the presented method is an approach that combines the directional derivative of the potential energy function and the maximum potential energy criterion in order to reduce the conservativeness in the estimation of the stability region at the direct method stage. For detailed investigation of the critical contingencies, a parallel approach is applied at the time-domain simulation stage. From the simulation results, the proposed method achieves a high level of accuracy in classifying network contingencies and shows great computational performance potential in light of the requirement for fast dynamic security assessment.

Empowering Owner-Operators of Small and Medium Commercial Buildings to Identify Energy Retrofit Opportunities

Small and medium commercial buildings account for nearly half of the energy consumed by commercial buildings in the United States. While energy retrofits can significantly reduce building energy consumption, buildings’ owners often lack the capital and experience to perform detailed energy audits and retrofit assessments. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a low-investment, bottom-up and simplified methodology for identifying energy retrofit opportunities that benefit the owners of small and medium sized office buildings In particular, the paper addresses small and medium commercial buildings on a university campus as a proof-of-concept for other owner-operators that have small and medium commercial facilities in their portfolio. The methodology consists of an eight-step framework using publicly-available and simplified tools. While energy audits and retrofit opportunity assessments are not new, a low-cost methodology for owner-operators of small and medium commercial buildings to analyze energy consumption and identify retrofit opportunities represents a contribution to knowledge. A medium office building on a university campus in Arizona served as a case study to validate the methodology. The case study showed a maximum potential energy reduction of an estimated 50%, but the figure varies based on the types of retrofit (deep versus light), energy conservation measures selected and implemented, invested resources, and interactive effects between measures. This methodology is extensible to other owner-operators that have building utility data and would like to perform retrofit opportunity assessments themselves.

Achieving high electrical homogeneity in (Na2O, K2O)–Nb2O5–SiO2-MO (M = Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) glass-ceramics for energy storage by composition design

The Na2O–K2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 glass matrixes modified by alkaline-earth metals oxide MO (M = Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+) with different field strength (Fs) are prepared. The degree of polymerization (DOP) of the glass network structure is enhanced with the addition of MO. The (35-x)Na2O–5K2O–40Nb2O5–20SiO2-xMO glass are crystalized at the exothermic peak 916 °C as evidenced by an exothermic peak in thermal analysis. The crystallization kinetics are analyzed by crystallization activation energy (Ec) which increases with the addition of MO facilitating the homogenous nucleation. The crystallinity and the fraction of crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics are analyzed by structural refinements. The dielectric permittivity and polarization of the glass-ceramics are researched. The electrical homogeneity of glass-ceramics is discussed on different scales. On the grain scale of the glass-ceramics, the uniform microstructure prevents the free charge from accumulating. On the glass network scale, the tight glass network structure prevents large interface polarization caused by the accumulating of space charge. A large binding energy (W) or minimum hopping distance (Rm) prevents the electrons from hopping. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is used to test the potential of the interface polarization as direct evidence of the electrical homogeneity. The magnitude of the breakdown strength (BDS) of the glass-ceramics is affected by the electrical homogeneity of the glass-ceramics. The average value of BDS is 1780 kV/cm for the Na2O–K2O–Nb2O5–SiO2–BaO glass-ceramics. The maximum potential energy storage density of 23.1 J/cm3 is obtained for the Na2O–K2O–Nb2O5–SiO2–BaO glass-ceramics with x = 3.

Thermoelastic damping in cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundaries

An effective method is proposed for the dynamic modelling and thermoelastic damping (TED) evaluation of the cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundaries. The arbitrary boundary conditions of the cylindrical shell are simulated by a set of springs, and the degree of the boundary condition is achieved by adjusting the spring stiffnesses. Hamilton's principle with the Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to establish the equation of motion of the cylindrical shell, and the natural frequencies of the cylindrical shell with arbitrary boundaries are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem of the equation of motion. An analytical model for the TED in the cylindrical shell is obtained by computing the dissipated energy and the maximum elastic potential energy in the cylindrical shell. The correctness and feasibility of the present theoretical model are verified by comparing the natural frequencies and TED obtained by this analytical method with those from the published literature and the finite element method (FEM). The convergence analysis of the analytical expression of TED is carried out. The influences of geometrical parameters and different types of spring stiffnesses on the TED are studied. In addition, the effects of the boundary conditions and the vibration modes of the structure on the TED characteristics of the cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundaries are analyzed. The present model provides theoretical reference for optimizing the cylindrical shell resonators with high quality factors.

High throughput theoretical prediction of the low friction at the interfaces of homo- and heterojunction composed of C3N

Recently, single crystalline two-dimensional (2D) carbonitride, C3N has been synthesized. It has demonstrated outstanding physical properties, including ultra-high stiffness and thermal conductivity, implying potential as 2D solid lubricant. In the present study, we investigated the frictional property at the interfaces of homo- and heterojunction composed of C3N, graphene, and BN via performing the high throughput first-principles calculations. The maximum potential energy corrugation and the corrugation along the minimum energy path at the interfaces of graphene/C3N and BN/C3N heterojunctions are the smallest and highest among the four sliding systems, respectively. Correspondingly, the friction force at graphene/C3N interface under low normal load is low, attributed to the smaller interfacial charge transfer. Besides, the friction force at C3N/C3N interface is lower than that at graphene/graphene interface under normal load less than 46 nN, and that at graphene/C3N interface under 8–54 nN normal load. More importantly, we identified an ultra-low and a much lower friction state enabled by pressure-induced friction collapse at graphene/C3N and C3N/C3N interfaces, respectively. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of incommensurate contact in reducing friction at C3N/C3N interface. Our investigation indicates the promising potential of 2D C3N as atomic-thin solid lubricant.

Adhesion, tensile and shear properties of a-C/TiC interface: A first-principles study

TiC nanocrystals in amorphous carbon (a-C) films can improve the adhesion property between a-C films and substrate. The service life of a-C films is related to the interfacial adhesion property between a-C films and TiC. However, it is difficult to explain its interfacial adhesion mechanism by experimental methods. In this paper, based on the stacking of the interface models, two a-C/TiC interface models named as the C(110)/C-edge-TiC(110) and C(110)/Ti-edge-TiC(110) interfaces were constructed by first-principles method. After relaxation, their interfacial adhesion work are 3.624 and 3.622 J/m2, and interfacial energy are 6.831 and 6.833 J/m2, respectively. The interfacial electronic characteristic of CC bond at the interface is a mixture of non-polar covalent bond and metal bond, and the CTi bond is a mixture of polar covalent bond and metal bond. The tensile strains of both the C(110)/C-edge-TiC(110) and C(110)/Ti-edge-TiC(110) interfaces in the fracture stage are ranged from 9 % to 14 %, and the fracture location of the interface models all occur in the inner of the TiC surface model near the interface. The maximum tensile stresses of the C(110)/C-edge-TiC(110) and C(110)/Ti-edge-TiC(110) interfaces are 36.873 and 36.955 GPa, respectively. Therefore, the tensile strength of the C(110)/Ti-edge-TiC(110) interface is stronger than that of the C(110)/C-edge-TiC(110) interface. The sliding potential energy maximum of the C(110)/TiC (110) interface is 0.335 J/m2, and the sliding potential barrier on the minimum energy path is 0.090 J/m2 with an ideal shear strength (τMEP) of 0.030 GPa.

Dynamics of Unusual Extreme Rainfall Events Over Different Altitudes Using Richardson Number

AbstractTo delineate the dynamic stability of a moist atmosphere and to measure stability within a statically stable atmosphere, local Richardson number (Ri) and Brunt‐Väisälä (BV) frequency are used in this study. The BV frequency is an important parameter that is widely used in dynamic meteorology and is calculated by replacing potential temperature with equivalent potential temperature in a moist atmosphere. For this purpose, extreme rainfall events were simulated by the WRF model. These events occurred on 9 September 2012 and 28 July 2010 during the summer monsoon in areas of different altitudes (ranging approximately from 100 to 3,500 m) which resulted in flash floods, loss of lives, and property damages in southern and northern parts of Pakistan. In the present case Ri (local Richardson number based on potential temperature) and Rie (local Richardson number based on equivalent potential temperature) are applied to investigate instability (Rie < 1) in a moist atmosphere. The results show that the values of Rie < 1 are mainly located in the lower‐to‐upper troposphere over the rainfall areas. The analysis shows that Rie is more suitable index for describing the convective instability in a moist saturated atmosphere. The results of Ri and Rie were justified with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5 hourly) available from Climate Data Store. Moreover, negative values of vertical velocity (hPa/s) clearly show large‐scale dynamical uplifting associated with instability resulting in a severe thunderstorm. Further, strong synoptic forcings also play a key role to develop deep convection over the region. In addition, maximum convective available potential energy (3,000 J/kg) and K‐index (>40) were observed over the areas of high instability that dominate its role in enhancing convection during the events.

Molecular dynamics investigation of the vaporization characteristics of n-alkane blended fuels under different ambient conditions

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool to reveal the microscopic characteristics of supercritical transitions. However, the accuracy of MD depends strongly on the potential model that describes the interaction forces between atoms. In this study, four commonly used potential models for long-chain n-alkanes in MD simulations are evaluated, and a hybrid model is introduced. The vaporization and phase-transition characteristics of n-alkane blended fuels with different mole fractions are then explored under a wide variety of ambient conditions by using the hybrid model. Compared to the commonly used potentials, the hybrid model shows higher accuracy for predicting the thermodynamic and transport properties. In subcritical environments, vaporization belongs to typical two-phase evaporation with a sharp gas–liquid interface. The preferential evaporation of the light-end component is obvious, and the evaporation rate of the heavy-end component is maximized after the light-end component is consumed. Under supercritical conditions, the interface dissolves rapidly, the evaporation rates for both the light- and heavy-end components increase simultaneously, and both components coexist throughout the evaporation process. Based on the maximum potential energy and evaporation rate, a new criterion for the supercritical transition is proposed. The dimensionless transition time, which reflects the proportion of the sub/supercritical stage within the lifetime, is nearly independent of the ambient temperature and fuel composition; instead, it mainly depends on the ambient pressure. Finally, an empirical formula is obtained by curve-fitting to describe the variation in the dimensionless transition time with ambient pressure.

Investigation into impact properties of adhesively bonded 3D printed polymers

Nowadays, 3D printing is used to produce various engineering parts thanks to improved mechanical properties and surface roughness. Despite its many superior features, the limitation of 3D printing is the size of the parts that can be produced. The use of 3D printing to fabricate smaller sub-parts and then adhesively bond them to each other is a potential solution to this problem. This method is used in many industries to bond various metal and plastic materials. In this study, ASTM D 950-3 standard test specimens were additively manufactured using polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymers subsequently bonded with cyanoacrylate/epoxy mixture hybrid adhesive (133 g/m2). The layer thickness (0.1 mm–0.5 mm) and printing direction (edgewise, flatwise) effect of on the impact strength (kJ/m2) of the resulting joints was investigated by Izod impact tests (maximum potential energy of 15 J). As a result of the tests, it was found that the impact strength of the connections of the ABS parts was higher than that of the joints of the PLA parts. It has been concluded that ABS parts with 0.3 mm layer thickness have the highest impact strength. These results may help achieve higher impact strength when adhesively bonding parts fabricated by 3D printing for engineering applications.