Potential Energy Gain Research Articles

N-glycosylation reinforces interaction of immune checkpoint TIM-3 with a small molecule ligand

N-glycosylation of eukaryotic proteins plays roles in protein folding, trafficking, and signal transduction. The biological influence of the process is well understood, whereas the pharmacological impact of protein N-glycosylation is not well under discerned. The role of N-glycosylation on drug binding to protein has been rarely studied. We have modeled the influence of a bi-antennary N-glycan introduced at position N78 on the immune checkpoint TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3) on the interaction with a selective drug antagonist. The bulky N-glycan introduced at the consensus sequence Asn-Val-Thr has no influence on drug binding when the glycan adopts an extended conformation. But in a folded conformation, the glycan can interact directly with the triazoloquinazolinone derivative so as to further stabilize the drug-TIM-3 complex. The non-fucosylated glycan at position N78 markedly consolidates the drug interaction, via an additional H-bond interaction with the α3-mannose residue. It provides a gain of empirical potential energy of interaction (ΔE) of about 30 %. The presence of a more rigid fucosylated N-glycan is a little less favorable, with a gain of ΔE of about 20 %. The folded N-glycan appears to protect the ligand bound to the protein cavity, with the tricyclic core of the heterocyclic molecule sandwiched between two indole rings of tryptophan residues. Similar results were obtained when using a biantennary disialyl N-glycan with a bisecting GlcNAc residue and a tetra-antennary N-glycan. The molecular models illustrate the drug-stabilizing capacity of a bulky N-glycan positioned at a validated glycosylation site (N78 corresponding to N100 for the full-length protein). The modeling approach is useful to delineate further the role of the N-glycan of the immune checkpoint TIM-3 in interaction with small molecule ligands, and to guide the design of more potent compounds. The approach is transposable to other proteins to better comprehend the influence of N-glycans on drug-receptor interactions.

From the Circumnuclear Disk in the Galactic Center to thick, obscuring tori of AGNs

The high accretion rates needed to fuel the central black hole in a galaxy can be achieved via viscous torques in thick disks and rings, which can be resolved by millimeter interferometry within the inner ∼20 pc of the active galaxy NGC 1068 at comparable scales and sensitivity to single dish observations of the Circumnuclear Disk (CND) in the Galactic Center. To interpret observations of these regions and determine the physical properties of their gas distribution, we present a modeling effort that includes the following: (i) simple dynamical simulations involving partially inelastic collisions between disk gas clouds; (ii) an analytical model of a turbulent clumpy gas disk calibrated by the dynamical model and observations; (iii) local turbulent and cosmic ray gas heating and cooling via H2O, H2, and CO emission; and (iv) determination of the molecular abundances. We also consider photodissociation regions (PDRs) where gas is directly illuminated by the central engine. We compare the resulting model datacubes of the CO, HCN, HCO+, and CS brightness temperatures to available observations. In both cases the kinematics can be explained by one or two clouds colliding with a preexisting ring, in a prograde sense for the CND and retrograde for NGC 1068. And, with only dense disk clouds, the line fluxes can be reproduced to within a factor of about two. To avoid self-absorption of the intercloud medium, turbulent heating at the largest scales, comparable to the disk height, has to be decreased by a factor of 50–200. Our models indicate that turbulent mechanical energy input is the dominant gas-heating mechanism within the thick gas disks. Turbulence is maintained by the gain of potential energy via radial gas accretion, which is itself enhanced by the collision of the infalling cloud. In NGC 1068, we cannot exclude that intercloud gas significantly contributes to the molecular line emission. In this object, while the bulk of the X-ray radiation of the active galactic nucleus is absorbed in a layer of Compton-thick gas inside the dust sublimation radius, the optical and UV radiation may enhance the molecular line emission from photodissociation regions by ∼50% at the inner edge of the gas ring. Infrared pumping may also increase the HCN(3−2) line flux throughout the gas ring by about a factor of two. Our models support the scenario of infalling gas clouds onto preexisting gas rings in galactic centers, and it is viable and consistent with available observations of the CND in the Galactic Center and the dense gas distribution within the inner 20 pc of NGC 1068.

Assessment of the Biogas Production Potential within the Slovak Spirits Industry

Abstract The Slovak spirits industry has a stable position within the alcoholic beverages industry in the Slovak Republic. However, its production process causes significant environmental stress on nature. The industry can use roughly only 10% of the raw materials. This means a significant amount of waste is produced during the distillation process. We investigated the biogas production potential within the Slovak distilleries producing spirits for final consumption when we compared the production of spirits between the years 2010 and 2019. Biogas production potential is calculated as an ideal situation when all spent wash from spirits producing distilleries is used for biogas production. The potential energy gain is also calculated in kWh based on the already available research in the field of biogas production. We conducted that the total biogas potential of the Slovak spirits industry could reach 15,886,053 kWh in terms of electricity and 22,946,177 kWh in terms of heat energy if we calculate energy potential according to the spirits production in the year 2019. The total combined energy potential generated during the reuse of waste from distilleries could reach 38,832,230 kWh. The biogas production in these facilities has also a positive side effect. If distilleries use the heat energy for the distillation process, the amount of greenhouse emissions will also be declining.

Integrating continuous-stirred microwave pyrolysis with ex-situ catalytic upgrading for linear low-density polyethylene conversion: Effects of parameter conditions

A continuous-stirred microwave pyrolysis (CSMP) reactor coupled with an ex-situ catalytic bed was developed for the conversion of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to high-grade fuels. Effects of catalyst-to-reactant ratio and feeding rate on product yield and chemical selectivity were studied. The CSMP of LLDPE produced up to 84.1 wt.% condensate product composed of hydrocarbon fuels. With the assistance of the ex-situ catalytic process with HZSM-5, more refined chemicals dominated by gasoline-range hydrocarbons (C5–C12 hydrocarbons) were observed. When the catalyst-to-reactant ratio was 15 % and the feeding rate was 6 g/min, the condensate oil with a high higher heating value (45.23 MJ/kg) showed the highest selectivity of gasoline-range hydrocarbons (98.0 %). The pyrolysis processes yielded ethylene as the main gas product. With the addition of HZSM-5, propylene and propane were the primary gas components. The plausible pathway for the conversion of LLDPE mainly proceeded through radical mechanism for pyrolysis and carbenium ion mechanism for catalysis was elaborated. The potential net energy gain increased from 34.16 MJ/kg to 48.91 MJ/kg with growing feeding rate from 6 g/min to 30 g/min.

Comparative study of continuous-stirred and batch microwave pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene in the presence/absence of HZSM-5

A continuous-stirred microwave pyrolysis (CSMP) reactor was designed for linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) conversion. Its performance was compared with the batch microwave pyrolysis (BMP) under identical conditions. During the pyrolysis, the continuous-stirred system generated more condensate products with higher selectivity in long carbon chains (C14–C20), whereas the batch system was more selective for gas products with a higher proportion of methane. An ex-situ catalytic bed with HZSM-5 was assembled to upgrade pyrolysis vapors, corresponding to improved gasoline-range hydrocarbons and propylene production. The comparison of catalytic processes showed similar product yields for both configurations, with differences primarily on chemical species selectivity. For instance, the products from the continuous-stirred system had narrower carbon number distribution (C7–C10) and higher selectivity to mono-aromatics (72.3%). The proposed pathways for LLDPE conversion from the two systems showed slight differences in the thermal cracking process but similarities in the catalytic cracking process. During the catalytic processes, the potential net energy gain was 34.16 MJ/kg for CSMP and −38.86 MJ/kg for BMP, compared with the non-catalytic processes, when the figures were 9.85 MJ/kg and −42.86 MJ/kg, respectively.

Dynamics of a waveboard simplified

A study of dynamics of a waveboard is presented. The equations of motion are derived and analysed to understand the intriguing propulsion mechanism. A reduced order model is obtained, and the contributions of different terms are clearly brought out. The geometry of the castor wheels is found to play a key role in the conversion of the twisting oscillatory motion of the rider to the forward translational motion. The process of periodic gain in potential energy and its subsequent conversion to kinetic energy aids the propulsion. Interestingly, the dynamic analysis reveals that the efficacy of this propulsion mechanism tapers off as the speed increases. Rolling resistance in the wheels ultimately limits the speed of the device. The effect of various geometric and dynamic parameters on the motion and forces are studied, and optimality of design is indicated.

The Energy and Environmental Potential of Waste from the Processing of Hulled Wheat Species

Organic farmers farming on arable land have often had, in addition to the cultivation of common species of cultivated crops (such as wheat, rye, triticale or potatoes), interest in the cultivation of marginal crops such as hulled wheat species (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt wheat). The production of marginal cereals has seen significant developments in the European Union related to the development of the organic farming sector. Just the average annual organic production of spelt in the Czech Republic reached more than 9000 tons in 2018. The cultivation of these cereals requires post-harvest treatment in the special method of dehulling. The waste emerging after dehulling of spikelet (i.e., chaff) accounts for about 30% of the total amount of harvest and can be used as an alternative fuel material. When considering the energy utilization of this waste, it is also necessary to obtain information on the energy quality of the material, as well as environmental aspects linked to their life cycle. For evaluating the energy parameters, the higher and lower heating value, based on the elemental (CHNS) analysis, was determined. The environmental aspects were determinate according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology where the system boundary includes all the processes from cradle to farm gate, and the mass unit was chosen. The SimaPro v9.1.0.11 software and ReCiPe Midpoint (H) within the characterization model was used for the data expression. The results predict the energy potential of chaff about 50–90 TJ per year. The results of this study show that in some selected impact categories, 1 kg of chaff, as a potential fuel, represents a higher load on the environment than 1 kg of lignite, respectively potential energy gain (1 GJ) from the materials.

A Variational Method for Sea Ice Ridging in Earth System Models

AbstractWe have derived an analytic form of the thickness redistribution function, Ψ, and compressive strength of sea ice using variational principles. By using the technique of coarse‐graining vertical sea ice deformation, or ridging, in the momentum equation of the pack, we isolate frictional energy loss from potential energy gain in the collision of floes. The method accounts for macroporosity of ridge rubble, ϕR, and by including this in the state space of the pack, we expand the sea ice thickness distribution, g(h), to a bivariate distribution, g(h,ϕR). The effect of macroporosity is for the first time included in the large‐scale mass conservation and momentum equations of frozen oceans. We make assumptions that have simplified the problem, such as treating sea ice as a granular material in ridges, and assuming that bending moments associated with ridging are perturbations around an isostatic state. Regardless of these simplifications, the coarse‐grained ridge model is highly predictive of macroporosity and ridge shape. By ensuring that vertical sea ice deformation observes a variational principle both at the scale of individual ridges and over the pack as a whole, we can predict distributions of ridge shapes using equations that can be solved in Earth system models. Our method also offers the possibility of more accurate derivations of sea ice thickness from ice freeboard measured by space‐borne altimeters over polar oceans.

Potential bioethanol production from sweet sorghum on marginal land in China

Sweet sorghum is one of the best renewable non-grain energy crops for ethanol production due to its high sugar content, short growing period and good tolerance to natural conditions. However, insufficient studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production potential. This study presents a method, i.e., a land surface process model (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate GIS-based (GEPIC) model) coupled with a life cycle analysis (LCA), to simulate the spatial distribution of potential bioethanol production, energy efficiency and environmental impacts throughout the whole life cycle of sweet sorghum-based ethanol. The results showed that approximately 49.65 million ha of marginal land in China were suitable for sweet sorghum planting, and more than 13.57 million tons of sweet sorghum could be yielded. Based on sweet sorghum, 847.81 thousand tons of ethanol could be produced. A potential net energy gain of 115 billion MJ which is equivalent to 2.38 million tons of 90-octane gasoline would be achieved if all marginal lands could be used. The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that the total environmental effect index was 0.25 million (population equivalents). The global warming potential was the most significant environmental impact category. Guizhou Province can be given priority for sweet sorghum-based bioethanol development in China.

Magnetized Target Fusion with a Spherical Tokamak

With good confinement and relatively high beta (up to 40%), the spherical tokamak could be a suitable magnetized target. To illustrate this potential, the theoretical fusion yield from compressing a spherical tokamak adiabatically to fusion conditions is calculated. While it is found that the large amount of energy stored in the compressed toroidal field constrains the potential energy gain, a system can be designed to produce significant useful output by directly recovering a large fraction of the compression energy. With 80% energy recovery, an example system using 140 MJ of pressurized gas to compress the spherical tokamak plasma within a 2 m radius liquid metal flux conserver can produce a fusion yield of 140 MJ and a net output of 40 MJ per pulse. At ~ 1 Hz this would produce 40 MWelectric.

Universal folding pathways of polyhedron nets

Low-dimensional objects such as molecular strands, ladders, and sheets have intrinsic features that affect their propensity to fold into 3D objects. Understanding this relationship remains a challenge for de novo design of functional structures. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the refolding of the 24 possible 2D unfoldings ("nets") of the three simplest Platonic shapes and demonstrate that attributes of a net's topology-net compactness and leaves on the cutting graph-correlate with thermodynamic folding propensity. To explain these correlations we exhaustively enumerate the pathways followed by nets during folding and identify a crossover temperature [Formula: see text] below which nets fold via nonnative contacts (bonds must break before the net can fold completely) and above which nets fold via native contacts (newly formed bonds are also present in the folded structure). Folding above [Formula: see text] shows a universal balance between reduction of entropy via the elimination of internal degrees of freedom when bonds are formed and gain in potential energy via local, cooperative edge binding. Exploiting this universality, we devised a numerical method to efficiently compute all high-temperature folding pathways for any net, allowing us to predict, among the combined 86,760 nets for the remaining Platonic solids, those with highest folding propensity. Our results provide a general heuristic for the design of 2D objects to stochastically fold into target 3D geometries and suggest a mechanism by which geometry and folding propensity are related above [Formula: see text], where native bonds dominate folding.

Exploring the intermolecular interactions acting in solvent-modified MEKC by Molecular Dynamics and NMR: The effect of n-butanol on the separation of diclofenac and its impurities

An integrated approach involving CE experiments, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and two-dimensional NOE spectroscopy (2D-NOESY) experiments was employed to elucidate the intermolecular interactions and the separation mechanisms involved in a solvent-modified MEKC method for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and its impurities. The CE findings indicated that the addition of n-butanol (nBuOH) to the SDS micellar solution played a primary role for controlling the partitioning into the mixed micelles and the migration of the analytes and that the presence of nBuOH as cosurfactant was compulsory for achieving the complete separation of the compounds. The different capacity factors of the analytes were calculated and a change in solute association with the mixed micelle when changing the SDS/nBuOH molar ratio was highlighted. The optimal SDS/nBuOH molar ratio for the electrophoretic separation was 1:8. On the other hand, both MD simulations and NMR experiments indicated that the most favorable molar ratio for the formation of mixed SDS/nBuOH micelles was 1:2. These results suggested that probably there is an excess of nBuOH in the background electrolyte, both as free molecules and in form of aggregates, which is able to interact with the analytes, and thus may compete with mixed micelles for the considered compounds. The calculated values of gain in potential energy of the analytes when included in mixed micelles were in agreement with the observed migration order of the compounds. The role of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCyD) in the background electrolyte was also investigated, since the addition of this CyD to the solvent-modified MEKC system was found to be useful to reduce the analysis time. MD simulations and 2D-NOESY spectra highlighted the formation of inclusion complexes with MβCyD not only with the analytes, but also with SDS. MβCyD may lower the availability of both SDS and nBuOH for forming micelles and mostly may compete with the mixed micelle as a second pseudostationary phase.

On the nonstationarity of collisionless shocks and its impact on deriving the cross‐shock potential

AbstractRecently, Comişel et al. (2015) suggested an adaptation of the deHoffmann‐Teller (HT) frame, to take into account the magnetic field fluctuations observed nearby and inside a quasi‐perpendicular collisionless shock. Such fluctuations can be quite large, making the standard HT frame unsuitable for studies of the electric field, cross‐shock potential, and electron energy gain. While the HT frame is appropriate to cancel the motional electric field for steady state shocks, a similar effect is achieved with the adaptive HT (AHT) frame under time varying conditions, albeit by a local rather than global transformation. The sliding AHT motion parallel to the shock surface changes from point to point and time to time, unlike the regular motion of the HT frame. On the other hand, in both cases the electric field at each point is normal to the 1‐D shock and its integral across the shock is equal to the integral of the parallel electric field along the magnetic field line. In this paper we elaborate the concept of the AHT frame, illustrate it with a 1‐D simulation, and point out the association of magnetic field fluctuations with electron phase space structures, apparently related to electron trapping by dispersive whistler waves in the foot of the shock. The AHT frame may help assessing the relative weight of nonstationarity at shocks and other MHD discontinuities, by simulated and observed data, under various plasma regimes.

Energy forecast for mobile photovoltaic systems with focus on trucks for cooling applications

AbstractFor a viable and commercial attractive integration of vehicle integrated photovoltaic applications (ViPVs) energy forecasting is required as a foundation for business case calculation. The developed algorithm facilitates the forecast of annual power distribution and solar energy yield along any given track tested on a German use case. A high temporal and spatial resolution of the meteorological database providing ambient temperature, wind speed, and global horizontal irradiance was determined as a necessity to preserve the irradiance distribution and consequently the power distribution available throughout the year. For ViPV module temperature, respectively, module efficiency benefits strongly from head wind. As a consequence, the performance of ViPV under motion was identified as superior to non‐mobile PV installations. The potential annual energy yield of the three showcasing commercial semi‐trailer lorries operating in Germany is identified to be 3–7 MWh depending on the used cell technology. The potential energy gain due to head wind cooling is estimated to be 20–75 kWh per trailer and year. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Productivity and Potential Environmental Impact from Marginal Lands in China

Switchgrass displays an excellent potential to serve as a non-food bioenergy feedstock for bioethanol production in China due to its high potential yield on marginal lands. However, few studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of switchgrass-based bioethanol production potential in China. This study created a land surface process model (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate GIS (Geographic Information System)-based (GEPIC) model) coupled with a life cycle analysis (LCA) to explore the spatial distribution of potential bioethanol production and present a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency and environmental impacts throughout its whole life cycle. It provides a new approach to study the bioethanol productivity and potential environmental impact from marginal lands based on the high spatial resolution GIS data, and this applies not only to China, but also to other regions and to other types of energy plant. The results indicate that approximately 59 million ha of marginal land in China are suitable for planting switchgrass, and 22 million tons of ethanol can be produced from this land. Additionally, a potential net energy gain (NEG) of 1.75 x 106 million MJ will be achieved if all of the marginal land can be used in China, and Yunnan Province offers the most significant one that accounts for 35% of the total. Finally, this study obtained that the total environmental effect index of switchgrass-based bioethanol is the equivalent of a population of approximately 20,300, and a reduction in the global warming potential (GWP) is the most significant environmental impact.

Hidden Mott transition and large- U superconductivity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

We consider the one-band Hubbard model on the square lattice by using variational and Green's function Monte Carlo methods, where the variational states contain Jastrow and backflow correlations on top of an uncorrelated wave function that includes BCS pairing and magnetic order. At half filling, where the ground state is antiferromagnetically ordered for any value of the on-site interaction $U$, we can identify a hidden critical point $U_{\rm Mott}$, above which a finite BCS pairing is stabilized in the wave function. The existence of this point is reminiscent of the Mott transition in the paramagnetic sector and determines a separation between a Slater insulator (at small values of $U$), where magnetism induces a potential energy gain, and a Mott insulator (at large values of $U$), where magnetic correlations drive a kinetic energy gain. Most importantly, the existence of $U_{\rm Mott}$ has crucial consequences when doping the system: We observe a tendency to phase separation into a hole-rich and a hole-poor region only when doping the Slater insulator, while the system is uniform by doping the Mott insulator. Superconducting correlations are clearly observed above $U_{\rm Mott}$, leading to the characteristic dome structure in doping. Furthermore, we show that the energy gain due to the presence of a finite BCS pairing above $U_{\rm Mott}$ shifts from the potential to the kinetic sector by increasing the value of the Coulomb repulsion.

Mott Transitions and Staggered Orders in the Three-Component Fermionic System: Variational Cluster Approach

The variational cluster approximation is used to study the ground-state properties and single-particle spectra of the three-component fermionic Hubbard model defined on the two-dimensional square lattice at half filling. First, we show that either a paired Mott state or color-selective Mott state is realized in the paramagnetic system, depending on the anisotropy in the interaction strengths, except around the SU(3) symmetric point, where a paramagnetic metallic state is maintained. Then, by introducing Weiss fields to observe spontaneous symmetry breakings, we show that either a color-density-wave state or color-selective antiferromagnetic state is realized depending on the interaction anisotropy and that the first-order phase transition between these two states occurs at the SU(3) point. We moreover show that these staggered orders originate from the gain in potential energy (or Slater mechanism) near the SU(3) point but originate from the gain in kinetic energy (or Mott mechanism) when the interaction anisotropy is strong. The staggered orders near the SU(3) point disappear when the next-nearest-neighbor hopping parameters are introduced, indicating that these orders are fragile, protected only by the Fermi surface nesting.

Lessons from spatial and environmental assessment of energy potentials for Anaerobic Digestion production systems applied to the Netherlands

Anaerobic digestion (AD) can play an important role in achieving the renewable energy goals set within the European Union. Within this article the focus is placed on reaching the Dutch local renewable production goal set for the year 2020 with locally available biomass waste flows, avoiding intensive farming and long transport distances of biomass and energy carriers. The bio-energy yields, efficiency and environmental sustainability are analyzed for five municipalities in the northern part of the Netherlands, using three utilization pathways: green gas production, combined heat and power, and waste management. Literature has indicated that there is sufficient bio-energy potential in local waste streams to reach the aforementioned goal. However, the average useful energy finally produced by the AD production pathway is significantly lower, often due to poor quality biomass and difficult harvesting conditions. Furthermore, of the potential bio-energy input in the three utilization pathways considered in this article, on average: 73% can be extracted as green gas; 57% as heat and power; and 44% as green gas in the waste management pathway. This demonstrates that the Dutch renewable production goal cannot be reached. The green gas utilization pathway is preferable for reaching production goals as it retains the highest amount of energy from the feedstock. However, environmental sustainability favors the waste management pathway as it has a higher overall efficiency, and lower emissions and environmental impacts. The main lessons drawn from the aforementioned are twofold: there is a substantial gap between bio-energy potential and net energy gain; there is also a gap between top–down regulation and actual emission reduction and sustainability. Therefore, a full life cycle-based understanding of the absolute energy and environmental impact of biogas production and utilization pathways is required to help governments to develop optimal policies serving a broad set of sustainable objectives. Well-founded ideas and decisions are needed on how best to utilize the limited biomass availability most effectively and sustainably in the near and far future, as biogas can play a supportive role for integrating other renewable sources into local decentralized energy systems as a flexible and storable energy source.

Potential energy gain by whales outside of the Antarctic: prey preferences and consumption rates of migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) makes annual migrations from Antarctic feeding grounds to tropical breeding grounds. The extent to which it feeds during migration is unknown, but thought to be very low. Whether an animal feeds during migration is likely dependent on prey availability and on the ease with which it can capture the available prey. This study used digital tags (DTAGs) and concurrent prey sampling to measure how changes in the depth and type of prey influenced the lunge feeding rates and the amount of energy consumed by migrating humpback whales. Whales targeting krill lunged at significantly higher rates than whales targeting fish; however, the depth of the prey did not influence lunge rate. The observed lunge rates when feeding on krill, to the best of our knowledge, are higher than any previously reported rates of whales feeding. Estimates of the energetic content of the prey ingested revealed that whales may consume between 1.2 and 3.4 times their daily energy requirements per day while feeding on krill during migration, but less when feeding on fish. This suggests that whales may begin to restock energy supplies prior to reaching the Antarctic. Determining how often this high rate of energy intake occurs along the migratory route will assist with understanding the contribution of migratory energy intake to annual energy budgets.

Finite Element Approach to Assess the Benefits of Asphalt Solar Collectors

Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) consist of a pipe network embedded in the surface asphalt layer of an asphalt pavement. As fluid circulates in the pipes, it absorbs heat from the pavement and cools it down. While previous research has concentrated on studying ASC parameters independently, this study combined them in a comprehensive model to evaluate the potential of ASCs to harvest energy from pavements and mitigate the negative impact of their high surface temperatures. For that purpose, a finite element model of an ASC was developed to predict the temperature profile of the pavement, pipes, and circulating fluid. The model was validated under field conditions with two flow configurations: a closed loop system with reservoir and a single-pass system. The single-pass system was shown to yield a higher efficiency than a closed loop system would (21.9% versus 10.9%). Once validated, the model was used to simulate ASC water and pavement temperatures during representative days of four seasons for a specific climate. The finite element model predicted that a single-pass ASC would increase water temperatures by an average of 4.0°C, 7.5°C, 10.2°C, and 13.6°C and reduce pavement surface temperatures by an average of 0.5°C, 0.7°C, 2.5°C, and 3.2°C throughout the days in winter, autumn, spring, and summer, respectively. These reductions resulted in a 3-year extension of the pavement lifetime for a prescribed set of traffic, structural, climatic, and materials conditions. The potential energy gain and service life extension were used to conduct an economic analysis, which estimated a 5-year payback period of the ASC.