Potential Access Research Articles

Urban green space and cooling services: Opposing changes of integrated accessibility and social equity along with urbanization

• Integrated accessibility (IA) helps to understand the access to UGS cooling services. • Total IA to UGS decreased from the suburbs to the urban core. • Inequity of public and private UGS appeared beyond the 2 nd and 3 rd ring road respectively. • IA and social equity showed opposite changes along with urbanization. • The government intervention and market economy played potential roles. Heat stress poses a threat to public health and urban green space (UGS) offers a climate regulation service. When the total amount of UGS increases, the way to allocate UGS should also be equitable. This study assessed integrated accessibility (IA) including area, quality and pattern to measure the potential access to UGS cooling services through the modified 2SFCA method, and examined the social equity integrating house prices with IA in Beijing City. The results showed that IA to UGS generally decreased along the rural-urban gradient. For the correlation between IA and house prices, positive regression coefficients beyond the 2nd and the 3rd ring roads revealed significant social inequity of public and private UGS in the study area, respectively. The regression coefficient between the 4th and 5th ring roads was the largest (0.159** for public UGS and 0.507** for private UGS). Whereas, the relationship between IA and house prices for public UGS was significantly negative within the 2nd ring road (-0.157*). Opposite changes of IA and social inequity from suburban areas to the urban core revealed that the UGS became scarcer but benefited disadvantaged groups more, which might be driven by market economy in the suburbs and government intervention in the urban core. This study highlighted significant challenges to simultaneously achieve spatial accessibility and social equity in urbanization process.

Potential access to emergency general surgical care in Ontario, Supplementary Material

Potential access to emergency general surgical care in Ontario, Supplementary Material

Identification of potential models for predicting progestin insensitivity in patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial cancer based on ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish predictive models based on the molecular profiles of endometrial lesions, which might help identify progestin-insensitive endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) or endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) patients before progestin-based fertility-preserving treatment initiation. Methods: Endometrial lesions from progestin-sensitive (PS, n = 7) and progestin-insensitive (PIS, n = 7) patients were prospectively collected before progestin treatment and then analyzed by ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq. Potential chromatin accessibility and expression profiles were compared between the PS and PIS groups. Candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analyses and literature review. Then expanded samples (n = 35) were used for validating bioinformatics data and conducting model establishment. Results: ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq data were separately analyzed and then integrated for the subsequent research. A total of 230 overlapping differentially expressed genes were acquired from ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis. Further, based on GO analysis, REACTOME pathways, transcription factor prediction, motif enrichment, Cytoscape analysis and literature review, 25 candidate genes potentially associated with progestin insensitivity were identified. Finally, expanded samples were used for data verification, and based on these data, three predictive models comprising 9 genes (FOXO1, IRS2, PDGFC, DIO2, SOX9, BCL11A, APOE, FYN, and KLF4) were established with an overall predictive accuracy above 90%. Conclusion: This study provided potential predictive models that might help identify progestin-insensitive EAH and EEC patients before fertility-preserving treatment.

Addressing multi-region data linkage needs through data sharing agreements – Three Canadian initiatives.

ObjectivesData sharing and administrative data access for multi-jurisdictional research must accommodate all local requirements for the protection of personal information and personal health data. Navigating the different safeguards for data sharing found in all relevant Canadian provincial and territorial legislation requires exploring innovative, privacy compliant solutions.
 ApproachHealth Data Research Network Canada (HDRN Canada) and one of its provincial data centre partners, New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT), are undertaking unconventional approaches to data sharing that balance legislative compliance and data access needs. Three approaches are being pursued: harmonizing data sharing agreements between a national longitudinal study and 10 provincial data centres; facilitating 4 individual data sharing agreements with one regional cohort of a nationwide study; and coordinating data sharing between 4 provincial government departments and one national data centre. Each approach has unique features that presented problems needing innovative resolutions.
 ResultsThe experiences and challenges of these three approaches to data sharing for multi-regional research have been perplexing but ultimately are leading to productive outcomes. Learnings acquired enable partners to move beyond anecdotal perceptions of data sharing limitations to practical solutions that can be applied in future data sharing partnerships.
 The ongoing project management approach of these initiatives identified a core set of somewhat predictable devices to ensure the advancement of simultaneous multiple regional data sharing agreements. These include the assignment of a project coordinator role, clear and ongoing communication, and the ability to negotiate and manage expectations. More innovative, however, is the roadmap that evolved, laying out the necessary (previously unanticipated) measures and sequence in which they should occur for the most expedient outcome.
 ConclusionTo harness the potential of multi-regional research in Canada, provinces and territories must identify feasible and efficient data sharing solutions. The identification of adoptable and replicable legislatively compliant data sharing practices will increase potential data accessibility. This will increase available data and data platforms for research informed policy decisions.

Spatial and temporal specificity of neuroestradiol provision in the songbird.

Steroid hormones are often synthesized in multiple tissues, affect several different targets, and modulate numerous physiological endpoints. The mechanisms by which this modulation is achieved with temporal and spatial specificity remain unclear. 17β-estradiol for example, is made in several peripheral tissues and in the brain, where it affects a diverse set of behaviors. How is estradiol delivered to the right target, at the right time, and at the right concentration? In the last two decades, we have learned that aromatase (estrogen-synthase) can be induced in astrocytes following damage to the brain and is expressed at central synapses. Both mechanisms of estrogen provision confer spatial and temporal specificity on a lipophilic neurohormone with potential access to all cells and tissues. In this review, I trace the progress in our understanding of astrocytic and synaptic aromatization. I discuss the incidence, regulation, and functions of neuroestradiol provision by aromatization, first in astrocytes and then at synapses. Finally, I focus on a relatively novel hypothesis about the role of neuroestradiol in the orchestration of species-specific behaviors.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EKO-AGROWISATA DI DESA CISAAT KECAMATAN CIATER KABUPATEN SUBANG PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Cisaat village is located in Ciater district, Subang which known as agriculture and farm area. Most of society in Cisaat village work as farmer. Agriculture and farm area have become favourite tourist spot recently due to the back to local trend. Today's tourists trend to seek unique travel experiences by visiting natural place. However, the experience of traveling will not be optimal if it is not accompanied by various tourist activities and interactions with the surrounding community. Eco agrotourism is an alternative model of tourism that can be applied in Cisaat village. Natural beauty, fresh air, friendly people make this village suitable to be developed as an eco agrotourism attraction.This research was conducted with the purpose of (1) identifying potential attractions, amenities, and accessibility in Cisaat Village (2) and formulating an eco agrotourism development model in Cisaat Village. The collected data method uses literature study techniques and direct observation to the field. Through this research, it is hoped that Cisaat Village will be able to develop its potential into a new tourism product that can increase economic added value and sustainable.

Healthcare services for people with acquired disability in South-East Queensland, Australia: Assessing potential proximity and its association with service obstacles

This study described access potential in South-East Queensland, to healthcare services commonly used by people with acquired disability; and investigated the association between service proximity and perceived service obstacles. First, we described accessibility by conducting a spatial analysis to create maps of potential accessibility to health services in South-East Queensland. Queensland statistical area level 2 (SA2) locations were combined with the residential locations of participants from a longitudinal cohort study involving people with ABI and SCI. The locations of selected health services of interest were identified from Health Direct's National Health Service Directory. Travel times via motor vehicle were modelled with Robust Gaussian Stochastic Process, to smoothly interpolate between the sparse time-to-service observations. Probabilistic predicted values were generated from the model and were used to construct service accessibility maps of South-East Queensland. Disability population data were used to identify SA2s with relatively low service access but a high disability population. Second, we examined perceived service obstacles, by investigating the relationship between potential access to services and perceived service obstacles was examined using data from 63 people with ABI or SCI discharged from the specialist state-wide rehabilitation services, located in South-East Queensland. Obstacles to accessing service in relation to resource availability, transportation and finances were collected three-months after discharge, using the Service Obstacle Scale. Travel times to the closest health service were computed for each individual and were compared to their Service Obstacle Scale responses. Access potential was highly variable, particularly for allied health services. We identified several low-access, high-disability population areas. These hotpots of poor access were generally to the north and west of greater Brisbane. Longer travel times to allied health services were associated with 260% higher odds of agreeing that resource availability was an obstacle to accessing services. Policy makers should be concerned with the hotspots of poor access identified.

Multimodal Evaluation of Changes in National Potential Passenger and Freight Accessibility during the EU-Driven Big Push to Transport Infrastructure

The main purpose of the paper is to present a methodical approach to differences in changes in intra-national potential accessibility. Research concerns level of accessibility and its dispersion, both for freight and passenger transport regarding four transport modes. The main added value of the paper is an indication of how to monitor changes in the accessibility of many modes of transport at the municipal level, as a result of investment processes, while taking into account the available data sources, both on the land use data and travel times, with the support of regional and central offices. We focus on the intensive development of transport infrastructure after Poland’s accession to the EU. We conclude that outcomes of reducing territorial differences in accessibility are diverse depending on the transport mode: from a generally positive effect in passenger transport to varied effects in freight transport, including particularly highly polarising effects in rail transport. The research method provides the possibility of analysing multimodal changes in accessibility concerning numerous transport modes for any large country or group of countries. Certain development opportunities of the model to be implemented in the future are discussed.

On-demand microtransit and paratransit service using autonomous vehicles: Gaps and opportunities in accessibility policy

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology can help disabled Americans achieve their desired level of mobility. However, realizing this potential depends on vehicle manufacturers, policymakers, and state and municipal agencies collaborating to accommodate the needs of disabled individuals at different stages of trip making through information system design, vehicle design, and infrastructure design. Integrating accessibility at this stage of the AV revolution would finally allow us an opportunity to develop a transportation system that treats accessibility as a guiding principle, not as an afterthought. This paper documents accessibility considerations for disabled individuals followed by a review of relevant Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations. The review of regulations is followed by a review of nine case studies, five corresponding to the on-demand microtransit service model and four corresponding to the paratransit service model. These case studies are essentially different prototypes currently being deployed on a pilot basis. Each of these specific case studies is then evaluated for its ability to provide potential accessibility features that would fulfill the requirement set forth by relevant ADA regulations in the absence of an operator/driver. Based on this review of relevant research, ADA regulations, and case studies, recommendations are provided for researchers, private firms, policymakers, and agencies involved in AV development and deployment. The recommendations include better collaboration and adoption of best practices to address the needs of individuals with different disability types (e.g., Cognitive, Visual, Auditory). ADA regulations should be used as one of the tools in addition to universal design principles and assistive technologies in order to maximize accessibility.

How individual, social, and ecological conditions influence dispersal decisions in malevervet monkeys.

Dispersal between social groups reduces the risk of inbreeding and can improve individuals'reproductive opportunities. However, this movement has costs, such as increased risk of predation and starvation, loss of allies and kin support, and increased aggression associated with entering the new group. Dispersal strategies, such as the timing of movement and decisions on whether to transfer alone or in parallel with a peer, involve different costs and benefits. We used demographic, behavioral, hormonal, and ecological data to examine the causes and consequences of 36 dispersal events from 29 male vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda. Adult males'secondary dispersal coincided with the conception season in females, and males improved their potential access to females by moving to groups with higher female-to-male sex ratios and/or by increasing their dominance rank. Males that dispersed with a peer had lower fecal glucocorticoid and androgen metabolite levels than lone dispersers.Subadult males were not more likely to engage in parallel dispersals compared to adult males. Dispersal was also used as a mechanism to avoid inbreeding, but changes in hormone levels did not seem to be a trigger of dispersal in our population. Our findings illustrate the complex individual strategies used during dispersal, how many factors can influence movement decisions, as well as the value of dominance and hormone analyses for understanding these strategies.

Mapping accessibility to oral health care in coastal India - A geospatial approach using a geographic information system (GIS).

Background:It is imperative to have a thorough assessment of the existing distribution of oral healthcare facilities and understand potential accessibility when planning for expansion of oral health services. In the present study, an attempt to measure geographic accessibility to oral healthcare, by locating the availability of dental practitioners in the coastal districts of Karnataka state, India using a geographical information system (GIS), has been made. Methods:For the study, data on public and private oral health centres were collected for the three coastal districts of Karnataka state, India. Population and income data were collected, along with geographic attributes (latitudes and longitudes) of the practitioners' addresses. Descriptive statistical analyses and dentist-to-population ratios (D:P) were calculated. Correlation between the number of clinics with population and D:P with per capita income were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Chi-square test applied to analyze any association between D:P and urbanization. Results:Among 340 clinics, 8.5% are public and 91.5% are private clinics catering to a population of 4,704,179. Average D:P for the three coastal districts is 1:13,836. There is an uneven urban-rural distribution of dentists with lower D:P in rural areas. Rural population in four taluks have only one dentist for over a lakh population. Six taluks have only one dentist for every 50000 - 100000 population in rural areas. Six rural areas had only public centers to cater to their oral health. Conclusions: From the study, it is concluded that oral health services were concentrated in areas with higher annual income per-capita, increased urbanization and population density.

Land, buildings, and equipment acquisitions in U.S. hospitals: A fifteen-year perspective.

Hospitals acquire and maintain long-term operating assets such as land, buildings, and equipment. In this study, we analyzed hospitals' long-term assets acquisitions data extracted from the Medicare Cost Report, a mandatory annual filing for all Medicare-certified hospitals. The first objective of this study is to examine the time trend of land, buildings, and equipment acquisitions of all general acute care hospitals in the U.S. from 2005 to 2019 to understand the relative magnitude and temporal changes for the operating assets. The second objective is to examine the 15-year accumulated acquisitions of land, buildings, and equipment per capita in each state to understand the variations of potential access to hospital operating resources across states. To understand the longitudinal changes in acquisitions of operating assets for each year from 2005 to 2019, we calculated the total acquisition amounts across all hospitals for land, buildings, and equipment, respectively, and adjusted the amounts to 2019 dollars based on the consumer price index (CPI). For each state (including Washington D.C.) and the whole nation, the 15-year accumulated CPI-adjusted acquisition amounts per capita for land, buildings, and equipment were also calculated, respectively. The nationwide acquisitions of those operating assets grew rapidly from 2005 to 2008 followed by a negative overall growth from 2008 to 2014 and since 2015, started increasing steadily again. In 2019, U.S. general acute care hospitals acquired $3.0 billion of land, $44.6 billion of buildings, and $33.9 billion of equipment. Huge geographical variation in per capita cumulative total asset investment were also found with the first place North Dakota having a per capita investment that is almost four times higher than that in the lowest ranked state of Alabama.

Application of advanced encryption standard in the computer or handheld online year-round registration system

<span lang="EN-US">With various severe security threats for web applications, ensuring security on the database layer itself is imperative. Hence, this study aims to protect data saved on the computer or handheld online year-round (CHOY) registration system using the advanced encryption standard (AES) to strengthen data security within the app so that even potential attackers gain access to the app's database; they cannot obtain valuable information because it is scrambled and unreadable. The proponents based the study's conceptual framework on the symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms and procedures manual on enrollment of Southern Isabela College of arts and trades (SICAT) and ISO 25010. The study consists of three elements: developing the CHOY web app imbued with AES, testing it in terms of online registration and spam prevention, and evaluating it using the ISO 25010 in terms of compatibility, reliability, and security. The evaluation results show that implementing the AES in the CHOY web app meets the ISO 25010 criteria mentioned above.</span>

Coronary Access Following Redo TAVR: Impact of THV Design, Implant Technique, and Cell Misalignment.

The implications and potential challenges of coronary access after redo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are unknown. The authors sought to evaluate the impact of different transcatheter heart valve (THV) designs, neoskirt height, implant technique, and cell misalignment on coronary access after redo TAVR. Different THV designs (Sapien 3 [Edwards Lifesciences LLC], Evolut Pro [Medtronic], ACURATE neo [Boston Scientific Corporation], and Portico [Abbott Structural Heart]) and sizes were implanted inside Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences LLC) and Evolut R (Medtronic) THVs, which were modeled as the "failed" THVs, at different implant depths. Valve combinations underwent micro-computed tomography to determine the neoskirt height and dimensions of the lowest accessible cell for potential coronary access. This was compared with dimensions of 6-F/7-F/8-F coronary guiding catheters. Redo TAVR combinations resulted in a wide range of neoskirt heights (15.4-31.6mm) and a variable diameter of the lowest accessible cell (1.9-21.8mm). An ACURATE neo implanted in a Sapien XT resulted in the largest accessible cells, whereas a Portico implanted in a Sapien XT resulted in the lowest neoskirt heights. The smallest accessible cell was observed in the Evolut Pro-in-Evolut R configuration with higher neoskirt heights. Redo TAVR in a tall frame valve with supra-annular leaflets caused a taller neoskirt height. In Evolut-in-Evolut combinations, misalignment of the cells of the 2 THVs reduced the cell area by 30% to 50% compared with an aligned configuration. This study demonstrates that different redo TAVR combinations are not equivalent in terms of future coronary access. Redo TAVR using a tall frame valve in a failed tall frame valve and misaligned cells may lead to potentially challenging coronary access.

Hybrid Position and Orientation Estimation for Visible Light Systems in the Presence of Prior Information on the Orientation

Visible light communication (VLC) is seen as a potential access option for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication (Wang <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> , 2014) and (Ayyash <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> , 2016) and beyond 5G (Strinati <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> , 2019). A reliable VLC system benefits from an accurate estimate of the receiver’s position and orientation. In many cases, the orientation of the receiver is estimated with an external orientation estimation device. However, these devices generally suffer from drift and misalignment, causing an uncertainty in the orientation presented to the receiver. Hence, the external device can only provide a probability distribution of the orientation to the position estimator, which can be used as prior information for the position estimation. Since the orientation of a receiver greatly affects the performance of a visible light system, the orientation uncertainty will degrade the performance of standard positioning algorithms, implying it should be taken into account when designing a robust positioning algorithm. In this paper, we design an received signal strength (RSS)-based hybrid position and orientation estimation algorithm using the hybrid maximum likelihood (ML)/maximum <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a posteriori</i> (MAP) (HyMM) principle for a multiple LEDs - multiple photodiodes (PDs) (MLMP) system to take into account the presence of prior information on the orientation. The proposed HyMM estimator is compared with three existing estimators, i.e., the simultaneous position and orientation (SPO) estimator, the misspecified maximum likelihood (MML) estimator and the first-order-approximation-based positioning algorithm, subject to the orientation uncertainty. Further, in order to analytically assess the performance of the proposed estimator, the theoretical lower bound on the mean squared error (MSE), i.e. the hybrid Cramér-Rao bound (HCRB) for HyMM is derived. Computer simulations show an asymptotic tightness between the performance of the estimator and its associated theoretical lower bound.

The Divergence of Chromosome Structures and 45S Ribosomal DNA Organization in Cucumis debilis Inferred by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetic Mapping.

Cucumis debilis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes is an annual and monoecious plant. This species is endemic to Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam. However, C. debilis is rarely studied, and no detailed information is available regarding its basic chromosome number, 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) status, and divergence among other Cucumis species. In this study, we characterized the morphological characters and determined and investigated the basic chromosome number and chromosomal distribution of 45S rDNA of C. debilis using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed by combining the chloroplast and internal transcribed spacer of 45S rDNAs to infer its relationship within Cucumis. C. debilis had an oval fruit shape, green fruit peel, and protrusion-like white spots during the immature fruit stage. FISH analysis using 45S rDNA probe showed three pairs of 45S rDNA loci located at the terminal region in C. debilis, similar to C. hystrix. Meanwhile, two, two, and five pairs of 45S rDNA loci were observed for C. melo, C. metuliferus, and C. sativus, respectively. One melon (P90) and cucumber accessions exhibited different chromosomal localizations compared with other members of Cucumis. The majority of Cucumis species showed the terminal location of 45S rDNA, but melon P90 and cucumber exhibited terminal–interstitial and all interstitial orientations of 45S rDNA loci. Based on molecular cytogenetics and phylogenetic evidence, C. debilis is more closely related to cucumber than melon. Therefore, C. debilis may serve as a potential parental accession for genetic improvement of cucumber through interspecific hybridization.

The effect of border closure on road potential accessibility in the regions of the EU-27. The case of the COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of the paper is to show how the national border closures within the EU-27 have an impact on changes in potential accessibility in individual transport at the NUTS3 level. We are referring to the situation that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Europe in March 2020. The study distinguishes between long and short trips, comparing the situation before the pandemic with that after the complete closure of national borders by all EU countries, thus showing which areas of the EU will suffer from accessibility losses for both long and short trips. We conclude that the spatial pattern of regions at risk of peripheralisation for short trips well defines the zones in which a serious crisis threatens local cross-border commuting. The threat of peripheralisation for long trips mainly concerns those parts of countries which are closer to the demographic and economic core of the European Union. Nevertheless, it is also compounded by other factors: including the national settlement and road networks.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Dynamic Power Allocation in 5G Networks

Abstract The thought of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are given as a potential radio access method for versatile correspondence networks past the fourth era (4G). As opposed to current long haul development radio access procedures, non-symmetrical different access involves the power space for client multiplexing at the transmitter and utilizations a successive obstruction dropping recipient as the pattern collector conspire, considering future cell phone advancement. Non-symmetrical different access is feasible to serve various clients simultaneously and recurrence. For 5G wireless communication networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications are interesting technologies. The performance of partially connected hybrid beamforming (PC-H-BF), a low-cost partially connected hybrid beamforming (H-BF) with a quick convergence sub-optimal power allocation algorithm, was explored in this work. A low-cost hybrid beam forming technique, as well as a dynamic threshold users' grouping mechanism, were created. In addition, to boost information flow, the sub-optimal inert-beam and intra-beam dynamic power allocation tasks are implemented using a low-complexity iterative maximization technique.

The Advent of Aqueous >2.85V Zn-MnO2 Batteries: Uncovering Novel Mechanisms in This New High Voltage Chemistry

Alkaline zinc (Zn)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) batteries are ubiquitous, safe, cheap and used in several applications that require only a single discharge. Its impact in the developing world has been significant where its affordability has helped consumers with low to medium economic background power several of their household devices and flashlights when grid reliability has been poor. Its single discharge is enough to deliver an energy density of ~400Wh/L. However, its promising characteristics are outweighed by its limited use in the next generation of green energy technologies because of the irreversibility of its active materials and its low nominal voltage of ~1.3V. The application of battery energy storage in these next generation of technologies like grid-storage, electric vehicles and personal electronics is extremely vital to decarbonize our future. Currently, expensive, toxic and flammable lithium-ion and lead acid batteries dominate these fields. If Zn-MnO2 batteries could be made rechargeable with an increase in its nominal voltage and capacity utilized, it could be serious contender to the dominant lithium-ion and lead acid batteries.In this presentation, we report on an innovative approach where we solve the two aforementioned issues by redesigning the battery system to have two electrolytes that are decoupled from each other(1). The two electrolytes are aqueous-based, where the cathode and anode are immersed in mildly acidic solutions and alkaline solutions, respectively. Operating in decoupled electrolytes allows the chemistry to widen its potential window and access voltages of >2.85V, while also allowing the respective electrodes operate efficiently and reversibly in their respective electrolyte system. The neutralization of these electrolytes is prevented by gelation of the alkaline electrolyte, which removes the need of expensive ion-exchange membranes. As a demonstration of this concept, we have developed Zn-MnO2 batteries reaching voltages >2.85V that are able to access the theoretical capacity (617mAh/g) of MnO2. This translates to energy densities 2 to 3 times greater than the commercially available alkaline batteries that can be recharged multiple times at costs that are comparable to primary batteries (~$20-30/kWh). G. Yadav et al., ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4(9), 2144-2146.

Health Care Accessibility Analysis Considering Behavioral Preferences for Hospital Choice

Research on the potential accessibility of medical services has made great progress, but there is a large gap between the analysis results and the actual feelings of residents. With the refinement of urban management, the need for actual accessibility calculations reflecting the current status of medical service levels is becoming stronger. In modern society, as people work and live at an increasingly fast pace, people increasingly focus on time saving. However, in addition to travel time and distance, personal perceptions of medical facilities and access habits also influence residents’ choice of specific hospitals for medical treatment. With the combined effect of these factors, the actual status of accessibility of medical facility services is formed. In order to improve estimates of the actual accessibility and narrow the gap with residents’ subjective perceptions, this study leverages realistic data, such as real-time navigation prediction data that approximates residents’ actual travel time to hospitals and information on residents’ subjective behaviors in choosing specific hospitals for medical treatment. Finally, a new approach is proposed to further improve the existing Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (Ga2SFCA) method by fully respecting the important effects of distance cost and time cost, and combining them by using a weighted mean.