Potato Waste Research Articles

Response of Native Chickens (3-10 Weeks) Fed on Diets Substituated With Graded Levels of Sweet Potato Fermentation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving fermented sweet potato waste in the ration on the appearance of native chickens aged 3 - 10 weeks and to find out what percentage of the level of use of fermented sweet potato waste in the ration. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of: R0 = ration without additional fermented sweet potato waste as control, R1 = ration containing 3% unfermented sweet potato was, R2 = ration containing 3% fermented sweet potato waste, R3 = ration containing 6% fermented sweet potato waste, R4 = The ration contains 9% fermented sweet potato waste. Each replication (experimental unit) used 5 native chickens so that the number of chickens used was 75. The use of sweet potato waste fermentation in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on initial body weight, final body weight , weight gain,and feed convertion ratio. Feeding of fermented sweet potato waste to a level of 3% (R2) gave optimal results.

Understanding air-drying behavior of potato peel waste

Air-drying kinetics of potato peel, a wastage of potato processing, was characterized in this work. For this, potato peel samples were dried in convective dryer at different operating conditions from which drying kinetics curves were estimated. Potato flesh samples were dried under the same conditions for comparison purposes. As well, proximate composition, scanning electron microscopy images of tissue structure, total phenolics and chlorogenic acid contents, were determined to characterize fresh and dried samples of potato peel and flesh. Sorption isotherms at ambient temperature were also established. Both drying kinetics curves and sorption isotherms were well fitted by Fick’s and Guggenheim–Anderson-de Boer mathematical models. Results pointed out the need for appropriate selection of drying parameters in further transformation of potato waste.

A sustainable approach of turning potato waste towards bioethanol production using indigenous microbes of Himachal Pradesh, India

Potato peel waste is one of the zero-value wastes with the potential of bioethanol production through the Waste to Energy (WtE) approach. The newly isolated, phenotypically characterized, and molecular identified high-altitude strain, B. amyloliquefaciens, shown promising starch hydrolysis (12.06 g/L reducing sugars) over acid hydrolysis and is capable of working at 30–50 °C and pH 6.0–8.0. The ethanol production by Acinetobacter sp. (a newly isolated, phenotypically characterized, molecular identified) has been modelled and optimized through the central composite design of response surface methodology by taking the fermentation variables as input variables and ethanol yield as the output variable. The ethanol production by Acinetobacter sp. showcased a non-linear relationship of fermentation variables with the ethanol yield (5.83 g/L) with a 99.11% desirability function (R2) and 97.50 adj. R2 values. Optimal fermentation variables of 38.8% substrate concentration, 7% inoculum, pH 5.45 have been utilized for bioethanol production in 55.27 h at 27 °C. Overall, the present study evaluated the efficiency of newly isolated, indigenous extremophilic microbes of The Himalayan region in sustainable bioethanol production from zero-value waste “Potato peel waste” through the WtE approach. Moreover, the present study introduces the promising, unexplored extremophilic microbial strains with the starch-hydrolyzing and fermentation capabilities to bioethanol biorefinery.

Synergistic effects between solid potato waste and waste activated sludge for waste-to-power conversion in microbial fuel cells

Environmental pollution and energy shortage are two important concerns that may seriously impair the sustainable development of our society. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are attractive technology for the direct conversion of chemical energy of organic wastes into electric power to realize simultaneous electrical power recovery and environmental remediation. In comparison to organic wastewater, solid organic waste is more difficult to be degraded. Food waste as one of the important organic wastes has significant impact on our ecosystem. Here, by taking solid potato waste (SPW) as a typical solid food waste, the impact of waste activated sludge (WAS) as a second waste to introduce synergistic effects between them to enhance waste-to-power conversion in microbial fuel cell (MFC) was systematically investigated. For the MFCs with seven different mixing ratios of SPW and WAS, the MFC with mixing ratio of 6:1 produced the highest maximum current density and maximum power density of 320.1 mA/m2 and 14.1 mW/m2. Mixing larger ratios of WAS (2:1 and 4:1) resulted in only a very slight increase in coulombic efficiency; while mixing smaller ratios of WAS (6:1, 8:1 and 10:1) significantly increased the coulombic efficiency, and the coulombic efficiency showed an obvious increase as the WAS mixing ratio decreased. Less humic acid- and fulvic acid-like substances were formed from the hydrolysis and degradation of SPW and WAS, and most of dissolved macromolecular organic matters were hydrolyzed into organic fractions with small molecular weight. Principal component analysis indicated that the composition of dissolved organic matters was significantly influenced by different mixing ratios of SPW and WAS throughout the operation. The study provides a promising strategy for enhancing energy recovery from SPW in MFCs.

Optimization of process parameters for enhanced biohydrogen production using potato waste as substrate by combined dark and photo fermentation

Optimization of process parameters for enhanced biohydrogen production using potato waste as substrate by combined dark and photo fermentation

Detoxification of Copper and Chromium via Dark Hydrogen Fermentation of Potato Waste by Clostridium butyricum Strain 92

The accumulation of various types of waste containing both organic and inorganic metal-containing compounds is extremely hazardous for living organisms. The possibility of polymer degradation, biohydrogen synthesis, and metal detoxification via the dark fermentation of model potato waste was investigated. For this purpose, the strict anaerobic strain was isolated and identified as Clostridium butyricum. The high efficiency of dark hydrogen fermentation of potatoes with yield of hydrogen in 85.8 ± 15.3 L kg−1 VSpotato was observed. The copperand chromium salts solutions were added to the culture fluid to obtain the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1 Cu(II) and Cr(VI) in the active phase of growth (19 h of cultivation). Metals at a concentration of 200 mg L−1 inhibited the fermentation process the most. The hydrogen yield decreased in 7.2 and 3.6 times to 11.9 ± 2.1 and 23.8 ± 5.6 L kg−1 VSpotato in the presence of 200 mg L−1 Cu(II) and Cr(VI), respectively. The efficiencies of the chromium bioremoval in all variants of the experiment were 100%, and those of copper bioremoval were about 90%. A pure culture of strict anaerobes Clostridium butyricum strain 92 was used for the first time for the detoxification of metals. The presented results confirmed the possibility of this promising strain application for industrial H2 production and the bioremediation of contaminated sites.

Application of Glucoamylase Hydrolysis with Anaerobically Driven Microbial Fuel Cells: Effect on Energy Generation from Potato Wastes

A unique dual-phase biological system for producing power from the potato wastes was developed. In the beginning, commercially available glucoamylase was used to hydrolyze potato wastes resulting the production of potato waste hydrolyzate. A 100 g of potato waste produced 30 g of hydrolysis solid and 750 mL of potato waste hydrolyzate. Within 6 h, the maximum glucose generation was 20 g/L while the maximum COD elimination was 85%. During the second phase, the soluble potato waste hydrolyzate was utilized to feed microbial fuel cells (MFC), which produced electricity. The maximum voltage measured was 1.1 V. When the external resistance was 1091 Ω, the power density reached its greatest point of 93 mW/m3. To evaluate MFC performance, a Coulombic efficiency of 20% was obtained, thus exploring a new field by converting the high-starch molecules into biofuels, thereby lowering the cost of commercial biofuel production.

Environmental life cycle analysis of a modern commercial-scale fibreglass composite-based biogas scrubbing system

There are progressive trends in biogas scrubbing technologies. These technologies are mainly aimed at supplying cleaner biomethane by removing CO2. With increasing progress in the field, their environmental assessment is also becoming important. This study is focused on the life cycle analysis (LCA) of a modern commercial-scale biogas scrubbing-filtration system, exclusively made of fibreglass reinforced composite material. This system can effectively scrub CO2, sulphides, siloxanes, the water content of the biogas and provide up to 85% pure biomethane. The environmental sustainability of the scrubbing system is deliberated in terms of LCA scores for four feedstock ratios of cow/buffalo manure (CBM) and potato waste (PW) depicted as CBM100:PW0, CBM75:PW25, CBM50:PW50 and CBM0:PW100. A functional unit of 100 m3 of biogas and six LCA categories (climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater ecotoxicity, water consumption, fossil depletion and human toxicity) were selected. The significant impacts are determined in the categories of climate change (kg of CO2 eq.) as −1.20, 1.11, 1.07, −1.16, and fossil depletion (kg of oil eq.) as −9.50, 8.27, 8.01 and −9.91 for the four respective feedstock variants, CBM100:PW0, CBM75:PW25, CBM50:PW50 and CBM0:PW100. The feedstock CBM100:PW0 posed the least climate change impact and for the fossil depletion category, CBM0:PW100 is the least burdensome.

Experimental assessment on preparation of biodegradable polythylene/polylatic acid-chithosan composite from renewable resources

Due to poor degradability and contamination risk of synthetic plastics, utilization of renewable resources is encouraged. Biobased thermoplastic polymers from renewable resource that is inexpensive, biodegradable, compostable and renewably non-toxic, is focused. In this paper mixtures of synthetic and natural polymers were used as a potential option to reduce pollution by plastic waste. The study is aimed at assessing utilization of sweet potato waste as a source of bioplastic for package application, the polymer was modified with a biopolymer chitosan to obtain polylactic acid-chitosan plastic. The developed polymer matrix was blended with polyethylene to obtain biodegradable packaging material. The bioplastic was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scaning electron microscope (SEM). Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring enzymatic degradation, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The results have shown that the film obtained have homogeneous surface by (SEM). Mechanical properties of the bio plastics revealed that tensile strength increases with increases in the concentration of chitosan and hence, the elongation at break decreases with increase in chitosan content. While the fastest enzymatic degradation was observed to have high microbial growth on the bio plastics with high content of Chitosan-Polylactic acid.

Mechanical Properties of briquette by mixing rice and micrometer-sized carbon particles from potato and yam skins

The purpose of this study was to utilize waste potato skins (PS) and yam skins (YS) in the production of briquettes with rice waste as a binder. The basic materials used to utilize waste, especially potato skins (PS), yam skins (YS), and rice waste. Experiments were carried out by mixing and molding carbon particles made from an equal mass ratio of PS and YS with rice as binders (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). PS and YS were dried, carbonized at 250°C for 3 hours, and sieved to get sizes of 250 μm. To make compact briquettes, the molded materials were pressed with 5.66 Pa. Several characterizations were analyzed, including compressed density, relaxed density, relaxation ratio, percentage of moisture content, burning rate, percentage of water resistance index, percentage of durability index, specific fuel consumption, the puncture test, and the hardness test. The characterization results showed that the prepared briquettes have good quality, and the best was for 10% of adhesive. The best durability index was for briquettes with 30% of adhesive. The compressed density and water resistance index were optimum when using 40% of adhesive. In general, briquettes with a low amount of adhesive have a high-density value, low moisture content, and a long flammability. This research is expected to convey information regarding how to reuse rice waste as an adhesive for briquettes.

Engineering Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 for the one-step conversion of starchy waste into polyhydroxyalkanoates

Starch-rich by-products could be efficiently exploited for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production. Unfortunately, Cupriavidus necator DSM 545, one of the most efficient PHAs producers, is not able to grow on starch. In this study, a recombinant amylolytic strain of C. necator DSM 545 was developed for the one-step PHAs production from starchy residues, such as broken rice and purple sweet potato waste. The glucodextranase G1d from Arthrobacter globiformis I42 and the α-amylase amyZ from Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 were co-expressed into C. necator DSM 545. The recombinant C. necator DSM 545 #11, selected for its promising hydrolytic activity, produced high biomass levels with noteworthy PHAs titers: 5.78 and 3.65 g/L from broken rice and purple sweet potato waste, respectively. This is the first report on the engineering of C. necator DSM 545 for efficient amylase production and paves the way to the one-step conversion of starchy waste into PHAs.

Sustainable Utilization of Potato Industry Waste for Antifungal Biopolymer Production by Lactobacillus helveticus and Its Application on Pomegranates (Punica granatum L.)

The present study reports the characterization of an extracellular polymer produced by a strain of Lactobacillus helveticus in potato waste medium and the subsequent application of the biopolymer for protecting farm-bruised pomegranates against fungal infection following harvest. Chemical, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR and scanning electron micrographs of the purified biopolymer revealed it to be a polysaccharide with good thermal stability and a compact structure. Purified biopolymer exhibited strong antifungal properties against the fungal pathogen Penicillium implicatum. In tissues of pomegranates, subjected to fungal challenge, pectinase, cellulase and xylanase activity indicative of infectivity was not observed upon storage for 14 days at 28 °C. Besides visual discoloration of pomegranates, characteristic of soft rot and fungal growth of tissue extracts could not be detected on PDA plates. Postharvest parameters, physiological loss of weight, TA, TSS, TSS/TA ratio, ascorbic acids, total sugars and sensory attributes in the biopolymer dipped bruised pomegranates challenged with P. implicatum, showed no significant (p > 0.05) change following storage. P. implicatum challenged bruised fruits which lacked dipping treatment was spoiled by 48 h. Farm-bruised pomegranates dipped with biopolymer offered complete protection of the bruised pomegranates upon storage for 14 days at ambient temperature (28 °C). Overall, the results of this study suggest a sustainable use of potato processing wastes for the reutilization of 5–16% of damaged pomegranates, economically beneficial to farmers. Besides, the process will have strong importance in reducing and recycling potato industry wastes for innovative postharvest applications for other horticultural produces.

Correction to: Effects of nitrogen supplementation on bioconversion of potato waste by rumen fluid from slaughterhouses to produce eco‑friendly products

Correction to: Effects of nitrogen supplementation on bioconversion of potato waste by rumen fluid from slaughterhouses to produce eco‑friendly products

Effect of freezing and radiofrequency pretreatments on quality and kinetics of convective air‐drying of potatoes

The effects of freezing and radiofrequency (RF) pretreatments on drying kinetics and qualitative properties of hot air-dried potatoes were evaluated. Results showed that the use of an RF pretreatment before potatoes drying reduced the color changes, firmness, and increased shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and the effective diffusion coefficient. Whereas, the amount of activation energy was reduced by applying freezing and RF pretreatments. So that the amount of activation energy from 28.82 ± 0.4 kJ/mol (control sample) to 22.84 ± 0.1 kJ/mol (sample treated with CF), and 19.93 ± 0.2 kJ/mol (sample treated with CF and RF) decreased. The Henderson-Pubis model with the highest R2 and the lowest RMSE and χ2 was selected as the best model. Freezing pretreatment has weakened the tissue and created cell holes in the samples. When using RF, the amount of damage to the cell wall is greater, which makes the samples have a more porous structure using scanning electron microscopy. Practical applications Potatoes are one of the four main foods of the people of the world. Most of the potatoes produced are stored for use in the food industry. Due to the problems of storage, transportation, and seasonality of potato production, drying can be used as a suitable method to reduce potato waste. The most common method of drying is the use of hot air drying, which involves the simultaneous transfer of mass and heat. Since hot air drying uses high temperatures or long time, which in addition to high energy consumption and time-consuming process, causes some undesirable physical and chemical changes such as changes in color, flavor, and reduction of nutrients and shrinkage in the product. Therefore, using other drying methods or using pretreatment, the quality of the dried product can be maintained in a desirable. So far no research has been done on the use of CF and RF as a pretreatment in the potato drying. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freezing pretreatments on drying kinetics and quality characteristics of hot air-dried potatoes.

Effects of nitrogen supplementation on bioconversion of potato waste by rumen fluid from slaughterhouses to produce eco-friendly products

Effects of nitrogen supplementation on bioconversion of potato waste by rumen fluid from slaughterhouses to produce eco-friendly products

Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sheep Manure and Waste from a Potato Processing Factory: Techno-Economic Analysis

Anaerobic co-digestion of sheep manure and potato waste was studied under batch and semi-continuous conditions. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out for the different substrates before evaluating co-digestion at high-solid content. The reactors presented stable performance under mesophilic conditions, at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.5–4.0 kg VS/m3 and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of approximately 20 days. Increasing the OLR of semi-continuous reactors decreased the methane yield and degradation efficiency of the digestion. Methane-specific production was in the range of 196 and 467 mL CH4/g vs. (sheep manure system and co-digestion, respectively). Based on the experimental data obtained, a techno-economic study was performed for wet and solid-state fermentation systems, with the first configuration presenting better results. The economic feasibility of the hypothetical plant was analyzed considering the variability in electricity and compost selling prices. The economic feasibility of the plant was determined with an electricity selling price of EUR 0.25/kWh, and assuming a centralized plant serving several farmers. Still, this price was considered excessive, given the current electricity market values.

Utilization Of Organic Fertilizer Compost Made From Purple Sweet Potato Waste (Ipomoea Batatas L.) To Increase The Production Of Pakchoy (Brassica Chinensis L.)

Compost is an organic fertilizer made from recycled organic materials. Fertilizers can be made from organic waste or unused organic waste. Purple sweet potato waste can be reused into compost. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of purple sweet potato waste compost inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum in increasing the production of pakchoi and to determine the treatment of purple sweet potato waste compost to increase the production of pakchoi. The research method used is the experimental method. The experimental design used was RAK (Randomized Block Design) with 1 factor. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments of purple sweet potato compost 25 (B) g, 50 g (C), 75 g (D), 150 g (E), and 1 control (A), and was repeated 5 times. The data analysis technique used analysis of variance (ANOVA). Parameters observed were the number of leaves, plant height, leaf width, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, and root length. The results showed that the application of purple sweet potato compost affected increasing the growth and production of pakchoi. The right treatment in increasing the growth of pakchoi is treatment 150 g or treatment E. Treatment 150 g (E) can increase the number of leaves (13.13), plant height (16.32 cm), leaf width (4.88 cm), wet weight (16.60 g), dry weight (6.35 g), and root length (15.80 cm).

Calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis of a surface-based ADM1 model

A surface-based kinetic model for the anaerobic digestion of potato waste was proposed. The model was calibrated and validated, and a local sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the most sensitive parameters. The model consisted of a modified Anaerobic Digestion Model n.1 where the disintegration process was defined through a surface-based approach able to account for the influence of the particle size on the process development. Ad-hoc experiments were carried out to calibrate and validate the model at a laboratory scale. The calibration and validation procedures accounted for the methane production and organic acid concentrations observed during experimental tests. The quality of model fitting with lab-scale data was evaluated by the Modeling Efficiency, the Index of Agreement, and the Root Mean Square Error methods. Results confirmed the high accuracy of the model for the bio-methane and organic by-products prediction during the anaerobic conversion of potato waste.

Bioethanol Production and Proximate Compostion of Waste Potatoes

Bioethanol can be produced from biological matter through processing of food wastes or crops meant for bioethanol production. This study used potato wastes from food vendors in Sokoto, Nigeria as a cheap and renewable carbon source for fermentation of ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to optimize the growth parameters and hydrolysis of potato wastes of the ethanol fermentation aimed at achieving maximum production of bioethanol. Following the analysis, results indicated that, a combination of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5% of H2SO4 at 121˚C for 20 min in an autoclave can yield complete hydrolysis of all starch contents of potato wastes. The average proximate composition of the potato wastes showed 13.94%,1.42%, 1.72%,1.38%,0.43% and 81.11% of Moisture, Ash, Fat, Crude protein, Fiber and Carbohydrate contents respectively. Positive confirmation of reducing sugars and bioethanol was achieved by using benedicts and Jones’ reagents respectively, Quantitative Test for reducing sugars indicated 124.9 mg/gm, 88.6 mg/gm, 61.45 mg/gm, 53.22 mg/gm, 47.23 mg/gm for 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%,2.5% and 3% concentrations respectively.

Refining of vegetable waste to renewable sugars for ethanol production: Depolymerization and fermentation optimization

The study evaluates the potential of different vegetable wastes namely, composite vegetable waste (CVW), potato waste (PW), sweet potato waste (SPW) and yam waste (YW) as an alternative feedstock for the production of renewable sugars. Thermal assisted chemical pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification yielded maximum sugars (0.515 g/g CVW, 0.56 g/g PW, 0.57 g/g SPW and 0.56 g/g YW) with total carbohydrate depolymerization of 95.01%, 88.30%, 90.32% and 88.59% respectively. Obtained sugars were valorized into bioethanol through fermentation using S. cerevisiae by optimizing the pH and temperature. The highest ethanol yield of 251.85 mg/g was obtained from SPW at 35°C followed by YW (240.98 mg/g), PW (235.4 mg/g) and CVW (125.6 mg/g) at pH 5.0. Utilizing the abundantly available vegetable wastes as a renewable feedstock for reducing sugars and subsequent bioethanol production will influence the economics and sustainability of the process positively in circular biorefinery format.