Potato Peel Research Articles

Characterization of organophosphate pesticide sorption of potato peel biochar as low cost adsorbent for chlorpyrifos removal

There has been a growing interest in the scientific world in the production of biochar from natural organic wastes as potential sustainable precursors for bioremediation. Potato peel biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis method under oxygen-limited conditions and used as bio adsorbent in bioremediation of commercial pesticide having Chlorpyrifos as an active component. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide, highly neurotoxic, and primarily targets the central nervous system of pests and insects. The excess residues of chlorpyrifos are hazardous to environmental flora and fauna. Chlorpyrifos was treated against biochar at varying physical parameters and further optimized by using response surface methodology through Box-Behnken design (BBD). 72.06% of pesticide removal was observed post 24 h of treatment against a pesticide concentration of 1346.85 μg/ml with a biochar concentration of 1.04 mg/ml under room temperature at pH 5.04. Biochar was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Characterization by SEM-EDX showed the surface morphology and minerals on the peel and biochar. Microgram of potato peel shows pores of larger size than biochar having many cavities with different dimensions. In the plant system, growth morphology, nutritional status, polyphenols, total antioxidant content, and free radical scavenging activity were assessed. Enhancement in presence of biochar was recorded in growth morphology and plant biomolecules including photosynthetic pigments. Better translocation of the nutrient is recorded in biochar treated plants, as evidenced by the low amount of carbohydrate and protein in treated leaves. Biocompatibility assessment of chlorpyriphos in fish erythrocytes showed 43.26% hemolysis by pesticide-treated biochar. The practical use of this approach can also be best utilized if applied to those geographical regions where the soil pH is acidic. Biochar is a marketable bio-product, which can have a positive impact in agriculture, industries, and the energy sector creating a bio-based economy with reduced environmental pollution.

Bio-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Waste Agricultural Biomass and Its Antimicrobial Activity

The problem of cleaning and disinfecting surfaces has become extremely important in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. However, it should be considered that, in everyday life, we come into contact with many other viruses, as well as pathogenic bacteria and fungi, that may cause infections and diseases. Hence, there is a continuous need to search for new and more effective methods of fighting pathogens. Due to their documented antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles may be an interesting alternative to the commonly used surface cleaners and disinfectants. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles obtained with the use of nontoxic plant waste biomass against bacteria isolated from the environment. Silver nanoparticles with the desired physicochemical characteristics were obtained by a simple and rapid chemical reduction method using plant waste such as unused parsley stems and potato peels (the biogenic method). A nanosilver colloid was also prepared by the chemical reduction method, but with reducing and stabilizing chemical substances (the chemical method) used as a control. The bacterial susceptibility to nanosilver synthesized using both methods was evaluated using the disk-diffusion method. The sensitivity of particular Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates to nanosilver varied considerably, and the strongest antimicrobial effect was found in the case of nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical method using a strong chemical reducing agent and a polymeric stabilizing substance, while nanosilver obtained using the biogenic method, using phytochemicals, also had a strong antimicrobial effect, which was found to be extremely satisfactory. Thus, it can be strongly concluded that the biogenic, pro-ecological method of synthesis with the use of plant waste biomass presented in this work allows the application of biogenic nanosilver as a component of agents for washing and disinfection of public utility surfaces.

Enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Nano chitosan and pectin based biodegradable active packaging films incorporated with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil and potato (Solanum tuberosum) peel extracts.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05333-9.

Correction to: Potato peels for tannase production from Penicillium commune HS2, a high tannin-tolerant strain, and its optimization using response surface methodology

Correction to: Potato peels for tannase production from Penicillium commune HS2, a high tannin-tolerant strain, and its optimization using response surface methodology

Low-Cost Activated Carbon for Petroleum Products Clean-Up

Petroleum products are hazardous both for humans and nature. Diesel oil is one of the main contaminants of land but also of sea, during its transportation. Currently, there are many different clean-up techniques for petroleum products. One of the most common is adsorption by adsorbent materials. Although adsorption is an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach, it lacks efficiency. The present study investigates the performance of low-cost activated carbon, derived from potato peels and activated under different temperature conditions, from 350 °C to 800 °C. The yield of activated carbon decreases with the increase in the carbonization temperature. However, the sample prepared at 600 °C shows an oil sorption capacity of 72 g/g, which is the highest of all samples. Nitrogen adsorption characterization reveals that this specific sample has the highest specific surface (SSA) area of 1052 m2/g and total a pore volume of 2.959 cm3/g, corresponding to a 94% and 77% increase compared to the sample prepared at 350 °C. Oil sorption kinetics experiments show that, for all samples, the maximum uptake is reached after 1h. Oil uptake was also investigated under realistic conditions by introducing the best performance activated carbon to an oil/seawater system, and the outcome does not show a significant decrease in the oil sorption. The outcomes of this study indicate that low-cost adsorbents from agricultural by-products have strong potential as an oil spill response technique.

High potential of yellow potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) peel waste as porous carbon source for supercapacitor electrodes

Yellow potato peel contains chemical components such as protein, fiber, starch and sugar which is composed atom carbon chains bonding. Heating potato peel at high temperatures can disrupt the bonding of the carbon atoms of the constituents, vaporizing volatile compounds, thereby producing high carbon fixed. This study preparation yellow potato peel-based carbon electrodes through a single-stage integrated pyrolysis with carbonization from room temperature to 600 °C in N2 gas atmosphere followed by physical activation to a temperature of 850°C in CO2 gas environment. The impregnation of ZnCl2 at different concentrations was optimized as an independent variable precursor to produce porous activated carbon for energy storage devices. The difference in concentration of 0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5M ZnCl2 can increase the porosity, structure of amorphous carbon and the resulting high electrochemical performance. Electrochemical properties were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge methods in an aqueous electrolyte of 1M H2SO4 at a voltage of 0-1000 mV and a scanning rate of 1 mV s−1. Furthermore, the resulting specific capacitance increased from 82.82 F g−1, 195.66 F g−1 and 147.03 F g−1 based on the effect of the concentration of the chemical activator ZnCl2. While the specific capacitance obtained using the GCD method shows higher numbers, namely 145.13 F g−1, 223.25 F g−1 and 174.08 F g−1. Energy density 27.18 Wh kg−1 and power density 97.93 W kg−1 from cv method. The simple approach of activated carbon from potato peel waste is expected to produce an economical and simple porous carbon electrode for high performance energy storage application.

Utilization of indigenous potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties as a source of micronutrient

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important non-grain food crop globally. Efforts are being made to breed biofortified potato varieties to mitigate malnutrition. Knowledge about micronutrient content is beneficial from nutritional and health view point. Sixty-three indigenous or desi potato varieties were evaluated for micronutrient content in whole tuber and tuber flesh. Mineral content of whole tuber was higher than tuber flesh alone depicting peel contains micronutrients. The zinc, iron, copper and manganese content in whole tuber on dry weight basis varied from 14.66-30.27, 26.82-48.15, 5.29-17.87 and 7.51-28.79 mg/kg or ppm, respectively, while in tuber flesh, the range was 13.67-26.71, 18.11-40.27, 4.48-16.91 and 5.81-21.46 mg/kg, respectively. Moderate correlation observed between iron and zinc content (r=0.483) and manganese and copper content (r=0.354) in tuber flesh implies possibility of simultaneous selection. Significant positive correlation of tuber flesh elemental content to that of whole tuber signifies the higher contribution of tuber flesh to overall nutrient content of whole tuber compared to potato peel deterring the misconception that majority of potato nutrients are found in the peel. NJ 130, Lal Jyoti, Desi No.1, V2 2912, Aruconia, DRR Red, Sathoo and JG-1 were high in individual and combined minerals. This study signifies that potato indigenous or desi varieties are potential source of micronutrients particularly zinc. Production of disease free seeds of the varieties particularly by farmers needs to be emphasised. Identified accessions may serve as parental lines in breeding nutrient rich potatoes.

TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SWEET POTATOES (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) AFTER HEAT TREATMENT

Sweet potatoes are reported to be a good source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different heat treatment methods (microwaving, steaming, and baking) and variety on the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of three sweet potato varieties – Beauregard (orange-fleshed), O’Henry (white-fleshed), and 414-purple (purple-fleshed). All investigated parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. The total polyphenol content was in the range of 0.53 (O’Henry) – 5.60 mg GAE.g-1 DW (414-purple) for raw flesh and 1.68 (O’Henry) – 7.03 mg GAE.g-1 DW (414-purple) for raw peel of sweet potatoes. Heat treatments caused an increase of total polyphenol content in sweet potatoes (0.98 (steamed O’Henry) – 28.04 mg GAE.g-1 DW (baked 414-purple)). In terms of antioxidant activity, the steamed samples of variety 414-purple showed the highest values of DPPH radical scavenging activity (4.51 µmol TE.g-1 DW) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (19.57 µmol TE.g-1 DW) compared to the other treatment methods. Spearman´s test showed a strong positive relationship between both used methods for evaluation of antioxidant activity. All studied processing methods positively affected the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in sweet potatoes.

Production of α-amylase from Aspergillus flavus S2-OY using solid substrate fermentation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel

Amylases find commercial applications in diverse industries. This study investigated the production of α-amylase from a fungus, using potato peel as an alternative substrate. Six fungal isolates from the soil of cassava waste dumpsite were tentatively identified as two Aspergillus species and one species each of Rhizopus, Trichocladium, Neosartorya and Ascodermis. They were screened for their relative amylolytic activities using the starch agar hydrolysis test. Molecular characterization, using the ITS rRNA gene sequencing, was used to confirm the identity of the selected fungus as Aspergillus flavus S2-OY. Amylase production from the fungus via solid substrate fermentation of potato peel was carried out and the effect of production parameters investigated. Maximum α-amylase production was at an incubation period of 72 h, pH of 5.0 and temperature of 25 °C. Casein and maltose were the best nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively while the optima inoculum and moisture volumes for enzyme production were 1.5 mL and 5.0 mL, respectively. Aspergillus flavus S2-OY has great potential for α-amylase production using potato peel as an alternative and cheap substrate, under solid substrate fermentation condition. This has implications for the cost-effective production of an industrial enzyme and reduction of environmental pollution problems through effectual management of agro-industrial wastes.

Comparative Studies On Bioethanol Production From Some Starch Based Agricultural Waste Peels

The potential of some starch-based agricultural waste peels (cassava peels, yam peels and potato peels) for bioethanol production was investigated. They were pretreated with physico-chemical agents before being hydrolyzed using cellulase enzymes from the Trichoderma ressei micro-organism. Using co-cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis fermentative yeasts, the different hydrolysates were fermented to bioethanol. The bioethanol yields of separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SHCF) and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) fermentative procedures were evaluated. The maximum bioethanol yields from the fermentation results for cassava peels, yam peels and potato peels were 4.87, 3.78 and 5.31 (% w/v wet biomass) respectively after 72 hours of fermentation. The SSCF method was shown to be more successful since it produced higher bioethanol yields in all of the substrates studied and was quicker. When compared to prior research using different microorganisms, the SSCF technique had a superior fermentation yield using mixed cultures of Trichoderma ressi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipites.

Implementation of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials and laser irradiation for increasing bioethanol production from potato processing wastes.

Agricultural and agro-industrial wastes (e.g., potato peel waste) are causing severe environmental problems. The processes of pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation are the major obstacles in bioethanol production from wastes and must be overcome by efficient novel techniques. The effect of exposing the fungi (yeast) Saccharomyces cerevisiae to laser source with the addition of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4) with different concentrations on bioethanol production was investigated through the implementation of a batch anaerobic system and using potato peel waste (PPW). Dichromate test was implemented as quantitative analysis for quantification of the bioethanol yield. The benefits of this test were the appearance of green color indicating the identification of ethanol (C2H5OH) by bare eye and the ease to calculate the bioethanol yield through UV-visible spectrophotometry. The control sample (0.0ppm of g-C3N4) showed only a 4% yield of bioethanol; however, by adding 150ppm to PPW medium, 22.61% of ethanol was produced. Besides, laser irradiations (blue and red) as influencing parameters were studied with and without the addition of g-C3N4 nanomaterials aiming to increase the bioethanol. It was determined that the laser irradiation can trigger the bioethanol production (in case of red: 13.13% and in case of blue: 16.14% yields, respectively) compared to the control sample (in absence of g-C3N4). However, by adding different concentrations of g-C3N4 nanomaterials from 5 to 150ppm, the bioethanol yield was increased as follows: in case of red: 56.11% and, in case of blue: 56.77%, respectively. It was found that using fungi and exposing it to the blue laser diode source having a wavelength of 450nm and a power of 250 mW for a duration of 30min with the addition of 150mg L-1 of g-C3N4 nanomaterials delivered the highest bioethanol yield from PPW.

Development of high fiber rich antioxidant biscuits from purple and orange sweet potato peels

Sweet potato peel (SPP), which consist of various natural bioactive compounds, could play an important role in ameliorating chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other degenerative diseases and yet remained underutilized. The current study investigated the effect of orange or purple SPP powder at different level of substitution (2, 5, 10%) in the production of biscuits on the proximate, antioxidant potentials and consumer acceptance. Dietary fibre increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in SPP powder, ranging from 2 to 2.3 g/100 g. The total phenolic content of the biscuits was between 101.21 and 147.7 GAE/mL, total flavonoid ranged from 22.7 to 42.2 RU/mL, ABTS radical content ranged from 2.7 to 42.2 (µg ascorbic/mL). Acceptable biscuits were obtained by incorporating 2% SPP powder. Thus, SPP powder could be used as a functional and nutraceutical ingredient in biscuit production.

Development of chitosan/potato peel polyphenols nanoparticles driven extended-release antioxidant films based on potato starch

An extended-release antioxidant film was prepared by starch, potato peel polyphenols (PP), and chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) to study the mechanical, hydrophobic properties and antioxidant activity of composite films. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the interactions and compatibility of PP, CNP-PP, and the film substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the microstructures of the films. The release of PP in 10% and 50% (v/v) ethanol simulants was also examined. The results indicated that the incorporation of PP or CNP-PP into the starch film (S) increased their opacity and also improved their hydrophobicity. XRD and SEM revealed that the elongation at break increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the tensile strength decreased with the addition of CNP-PP, which were attributed to the reduced crystallinity and agglomerates distributed onto the film surface, respectively. Release studies revealed that the S + CNP-PP film exhibited an extended-release behavior of the encapsulated PP for 1440 min, compared to the burst release in the S + PP film, and the release kinetics was well fitted by the Fick’s diffusion model. Moreover, the S + CNP-PP film showed excellent antioxidant activity and could inhibit the oxidation of cheese. Therefore, the extended-release antioxidant film has potential applications in food packaging for extending food shelf-life.

Growth surveillance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on potato peel diet

Large amounts of potatoes are presently used to prepare value-added food items to fulfil the requirement, particularly from the fast food and packaged foods industries. As a result, large amounts of peels are produced, posing a serious disposal dilemma for the business, especially given the growing awareness of the importance of limiting environmental effect and ensuring long-term sustainability. The present study was done by incorporating 5%, 10% and 20% potato peel in the diet of Catla catla. Long term dietary study showed the highest percentage weight gain in 20% potato peel diet, followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Similarly results was seen in the gain of length of the fish. Highest percentage length gain was observed in 20% potato peel diet followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Throughout study, the fish remained healthy and survival rate was 100 %.

Investigation on CO2 absorption and compressive strength of paver blocks incorporating seaweeds and potato peels

The challenge that we face in our daily life is the increasing amount of emissions of CO2 which has led to the increased concentration in the atmosphere that results in global warming. The global warming occurs mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Out of the emitted greenhouse gases, CO2 counts for 72%, 18% counts for methane and 9% counts for nitrous oxide (NOX). From this it is very clear that CO2 emission is the major area of concern for global warming. The CO2 emission occurs due to the incomplete combustion occurring in the vehicle engines that involve fuels like oil, natural gas, diesel, organic-diesel, petrol, organic-petrol and ethanol. The emission rate of CO2 keeps increasing on daily basis and to put this under control, CO2 absorbing paver blocks had been casted which includes the addition of lime, potassium hydroxide, seaweeds and potato peels. By using the above mentioned materials, four different types of paver blocks were casted. The first type composition had been carried out by using 0.5% lime and 5% weight of cement. The second type composition had been carried out by using 0.5% potassium hydroxide and 5% weight of cement. The third type composition had been carried out by using 0.5% seaweeds and 5% of weight of cement. The fourth type composition had been carried out by using 0.5% seaweeds and potato peels and 5% weight of cement and finally control specimens were casted. The mix proportion was adopted by using M35 as it is the suggested grade for mild traffic. The Carbonation tests were carried out by employing two methods such as carbonation test and titration method. In the carbonation test, the paver block was placed in normal atmosphere and testing was carried out on the 7th day, 14th day and 28th day using phenolphthalein indicator. The Titration method was carried out for all the four types of paver blocks by using sodium hydroxide and HCL. The compressive strength had been tested for all the four types paver block on the 7th, 14th and 28th day. The experimental results obtained reveals that the paver block casted by using the addition of seaweeds and potato peels in the combination of 5% by weight of cement had absorbed more amount of carbon dioxide and the compressive strength of this specimen is equal to the compressive strength of the conventional specimen.

Phenolics from potato peel and its extraction intensification using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm approach

Potato peels are zero value waste generated during potato processing. They are a concentrated source of phytochemicals. The extraction of phenolics from this waste may add valuable products for the growing food industry due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, phenolics were extracted from potato peel by using ultrasound assisted extraction process with combination of sonication time (5–25 min), ethanol concentration (0–100%) and extraction temperature (25–65°C) as independent variables using central composite design (CCD). The process parameters were optimized by first applying response surface methodology (RSM) followed by genetic algorithm (GA) approach. The extraction parameters were optimized for maximum total phenol content (TPC). Using genetic algorithm approach the optimized conditions for maximum recovery of total phenols (621.27 mg/100g dwb) from potato peel are 22.032 min sonication time at 61.818°C in 99.99% ethanol. Ultrasound assisted extraction was highly efficient compared to conventional solvent extraction in increasing the extraction yield by 2.84 fold. Optimized condition along with the predicted model provides a bright opportunity for food industry with great health advantages.

New blends of acrylamide/chitosan and potato peel waste as improved water absorbing polymers for diaper applications

Valorization of environmental wastes into beneficial products is a global direction that is recently adopted. Potato peels are one of these wastes that are daily released to the environment in tremendous amounts. The current research is concerning by the extraction of starch polymer from potato peels waste and depending on its water uptake capacity to be used as a blending material in the currently applied diapers. Starch has been blended in different percentages with poly acrylamide (PAAM) and chitosan (CTS) polymers to increase their overall water capacity. The blended polymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy which confirmed the corresponding interaction among the three polymers depending on the detected functional groups. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the addition of starch to PAAM-CTS membrane increased the thermal stability and reduces the weight loss from 53.86% to 7.9%. The results of surface roughness were increased from 0.19 to 0.28 μm after the addition of starch which were highly matched with SEM images and suggesting the increasing of the swelling kinetics of the prepared membranes. Moreover, water uptake test as a physicochemical characterization revealed that the swelling ratio of PAAM-CTS membrane was around 48% which has been elevated to 92% after starch amendment. These results indicate that the addition of starch to polyacrylamide and chitosan blend can approximately duplicate their water-holding capacity which can repurpose it it to be widely applied in diapers applications.

Evaluation of By-Products of Potato Peel as Food Additive

Abstract: The potato plant is an important food source produced all over the world and it provides a significant portion of daily energy intake in nourishment. In addition, a significant rate of vitamins, fibre, mineral matters, protein, and fat can be obtained by consuming potato. In this study, the production, consumption, and usage areas of potato, a crucial source of our diet, and the possibilities of using it as food additives with the nutritional properties of its peel have been investigated. Generally, potato is consumed after its peel is removed in the homes and industrial areas and many of these peels are disposed off as wastes. Studies show that potato peel has a high content of dietary fibre, protein, carbohydrate, mineral matters, vitamin, phenolic, and antioxidant. The use of potato peel as food additives have also been discussed in this study.

Thermal and functional properties of a biofilms composed of fruits and vegetables waste

This study includes the development of biofilms from orange peel (OP), apple pomace (AP), tomato pomace (TP), and potato peel (PP). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transparency, and water solubility were performed on the synthesized films. The biofilms were prepared using the casting method. The OP, AP, and TP, along with pectin and glycerol, form a flexible film at a concentration of 6%, whereas the PP forms a film at 4%. The TGA results showed that the OP film has the highest decomposition temperature, ranging from 194.5℃ to 246.92℃. The FTIR spectra of the biofilms revealed the interaction between the plasticizer and polysaccharide compounds. The pectin film (PF) had a transparency of 2.19%, while the TP film had a transparency of 7.45%, the highest among the fruit &amp; vegetable waste (FVW) films. The lower the transparency score, the more transparent the film. The water solubility of PF film was 89%, while that of FVW-based films was lower. The usage of FVW-based biofilms and their use in food packaging would minimize plastic products, resulting in reduced pollution.

Removal of Cd2+ by N-CNS/ZnO nanocomposite from wastewater and reuse of Cd2+-N-CNS/ZnO in blood fingerprint detection

In this study, an N-CNS/ZnO nanocomposite was used to adsorb the Cd2+ ion from an aqueous solution, and the spent Cd-loaded absorbent was reused in blood fingerprint detection. N-carbon nanosheets (N-CNS) were produced from potato peels and then coated with ZnO nanoparticles. XRD, TEM, SEM, and FTIR were used to examine the sample functionality and Surface morphology. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and time was examined using ICP-OES. Removal efficiencies optimum conditions for the Cd2+ were pH 8 with 99.05 %, adsorbent dosage of 100 mg with 99,97 %, temperature (55) with 93,34 % and time (3 h) with 91,24 %. Additionally, the adsorption pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted for Cd2+ ion removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ ions was 8.762 mg/g. Therefore, N-CNS/ZnO nanocomposite can remove Cd2+ ions in wastewater, and its potential for re-use in blood fingerprint detection helps eliminate secondary environmental pollution.