Potato Cultivation Technology Research Articles

Improvement of potato cultivation technology

Existing methods for assessing the economic efficiency of the system of machines and technological methods contain numerous similar indicators. The multifaceted nature of the problem, its dynamism also cannot be covered by a single criterion – the value of the reduced costs. A method of systematic research and analysis of the technological efficiency of the production process has been developed to improve the technological processes and technical means for potato cultivation and to achieve higher economic indicators of agricultural production development. A generalized criterion characterizing the efficiency of the working process as a whole, which can be used to evaluate various technological operations in the production of potatoes, is obtained. Various technological processes performed by the working bodies of combined and serial machines were analyzed to verify and confirm the effectiveness of the developed provisions. At the same time, vector quantity was adopted as the main criterion for the comparative evaluation of machines and technologies. As a result of the implementation of this method, a scientifically based technological map for the cultivation of environmentally safe potatoes is proposed. The complex of agricultural practices for the implementation of the proposed technology is selected taking into account soil and climatic conditions and is designed for the cultivation of potatoes with minimal labor and money. The use of technological operations, such as the distribution of straw rolls on the field with its incorporation into the soil, germination of seed potatoes tubers in the peat-mineral shell, inter-row processing with sprinkling of plants with soil, simultaneous removal of the tops by crushing in the process of harvesting combines can significantly reduce costs in the production of potatoes.

PENANGKARAN BENIH KENTANG BERMUTU SISTEM AEROPONIK DAN MEDIA STERIL DI DESA PANDANSARI KECAMATAN PAGUYANGAN KABUPATEN BREBES

National seed systems still relying on the conventional production system and still need to increase the capacity of efficient seed potatoes technology to achieve independence seed producers in potato production centers. Empowerment of seed breeders through aeroponic technology is expected to increase the motivation of people in the implementation of the national potato seed technology innovation. Activities include training to enlighten the knowledge aspect of aeroponic technology innovation and national potato seed system. Making demonstration plots and aeroponic systems sterile media net home with intensive support can convince the public of the benefits of aeroponic technology for seed potatoes and potato agribusiness community. In general, the activities have been carried out according to plan with the physical performance of the activity by 100%, and the implementation of training activities and demonstration plots rewind time because farmers are not ready due to the busyness of the growing season as well as the financing of late. Seed potato training activities held on July 19, 2014, in the House of Mr. Warsono. Training materials presented include Aeroponic Technology in Potato Breeding, Seed Potato System National Potato Cultivation Technology Conservation and Production Systems Business Media sterile in Potato Quality. Through the training forum also gathered information on the seed and potato cultivation by farmers as well as to evaluate the implementation of the technology transfer to the questionnaire questions in the form of pre-test and post-test. Increasing knowledge about seed potato growers in aeroponics, and also increase its capacity as seed kentan. Seed potatoes (seeding) is aeroponics and seeding potato in sterile media has been practiced by farmers and plants grow normally. Farmers optimistic partners can perform independently seed potatoes after following the steps in training activities.

Changes in potato cultivation technology in Korça region as adaptation to climate change

The production of agricultural crops depends on the optimisation rate of plant genetic factors, climatic and soil factors and the level of agrochemicals. These factors are in constant dynamism and also are the production of agricultural plants. Changing in climatic conditions of the area will necessitate bring changes in the genetic resources of the plants that will be cultivated as well as in the technology of cultivation. The study analyses the thermal and pluviometry performance of the Korça field, one of the areas with the best agricultural development and on this basis is experimented with the time of potato planting and the adaption to these changes. The analysis of climate variability and trends of ecological climate factors is determining for the sustainability of agricultural production. Especially the increase in temperature indicators requires adaptation to the changes in the technology of crops cultivation. The planting time, which is essentially determined by the optimum agronomic temperature, determines the entire biological cycle of the plant by directly influencing the morphologic and plant yield. Climate changes of the last decades make experimentation necessary to determine the optimal planting terms. Sustainable agricultural development determined by long-term climate change requires adaptation to these changes.

EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF NEMATODE-RESISTENT VARIETY OF POTATO IN THE FOCUS OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES

Tests of nematode-resistant potato variety Crystal were carried out on the garden of the town of Kondrovo, Kaluga region. The use of typical potato cultivation technology for personal subsidiary farms in the center of the golden potato nematode over the 10 year cultivation period has shown a high biological efficiency of the nematode-resistant variety (up to 100%). Complete cleansing of the soil from eggs and larvae of the golden potato nematode with 26,218 ind. up to 0 copies for 10 year cultivation varieties in monoculture. In some years, the biological efficiency of growing nematode-resistant varieties ranged from 18 to 66%, depending on the favorable conditions of the year. Under unfavorable conditions for growing potato plants, when a weak root system was formed, or during deep plowing of the soil, when cysts of golden potato nematodes with viable eggs and larvae were carried to the upper soil horizons, the number of nematodes increased by 36–64%. Cysts of the golden potato nematode, which may belong to different generations and are located in the deep layers of the soil, have been preserved in the soil for up to 14 years. However, viable eggs and larvae completely died for 10 years, which was confirmed by the conducted biotest for the viability and invasiveness of the larvae of the golden potato nematode. With a decrease in the number of golden potato nematodes in the soil, the yield of nematode-resistant varieties of potatoes every year increased from 86 to 414 centners/ha. The economic efficiency of growing nematode-resistant potato varieties for 11 years was 79%. Over the years, it ranged from 6 to 51%.

Efficiency of potato production: analysis of variation and differentiation of regions of the Russian Federation

The article makes an attempt to research the statistical dependencies characterizing the potato production efficiency in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Solutions to food security problems are revealed through the achievement of threshold values for the production and self-sufficiency of individual products. So, for the production of potatoes, the threshold value of food security is set at 95%. Achieving threshold values is extremely important for achieving food security, but it is equally important to assess the role of Russian regions in the production of potatoes, as well as to assess the efficiency of production in agricultural organizations, private household plots, and farms. The conducted economic and statistical analysis shows that the average yield for agricultural organizations is higher than for personal subsidiary farms by 1.5 times. Comparison with farms is also not in favor of the latter. Agricultural organizations have the opportunity to observe the technology of potato cultivation, buy new varieties, high-yielding and resistant to pests, apply fertilizers. Small farms are unable to meet the requirements of technology due to their scale, which affects the degeneration of the genetic line and the fall in yield.

Technological need of True Potato Seed (TPS) growers of Tripura

The study was conducted in Khowai district of Tripura with randomly selected True Potato Seed (TPS) growers. TPS can serve as a great alternative to the seed tubers in the hilly state of Tripura as only 100 g TPS is needed for one ha. of land as compared to nearly 2 tones of seed tubers required to plant in the same area. TPS can be used as a suitable alternative technology of potato cultivation in the state to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of production. The technological need of the majority of the TPS growers, i.e., 87.50 per cent was plant protection measures with rank I. The other technological need observed were post harvest treatment (79.17 %) which includes application of boric acid, sorting and grading, packing, curing etc. and method of fertilizer application (76.67 %) with II and III rank respectively. So, it is utmost necessary that the agricultural extension workers through regular trainings on plant protection measures with the TPS growers should guide the farmers to get optimum yield per unit area by effective management of pests and diseases.

Экологическое качество картофеля при биологизации высокоинтенсивной технологии его возделывания и поливе

To reduce the accumulation of toxic substances in tubers in 2014–2016 the author studied biological methods of fertilizers application and plant protection in black earth forest-steppe region under the conditions of high-intensity potato cultivation technology along with drip irrigation. The introduction describes the importance of potato in the diet of population and lists the environmental issues that arise as a result of enhanced using of chemicals during crop cultivation. The doses of mineral fertilizers in experiments were introduced separately and in combination with a bioameliorant: 1) without fertilizers (control site); 2) N60P90K60; 3) N90P135K90; 
 4) N120P180K120; 5) biological ameliorant – white mustard, post-harvest green manure; 6) bioameliorant + N60P90K60; 7) bioameliorant + N90P135K90; 8) bioameliorant + N120P180K120. Chemical insecticide Aktara and biological preparations Fitoverm, Akarin were used to protect potatoes against Colorado potato beetles. Insecto-fungicide Celest was used to treat seed tubers against fungal diseases. During growing season the author used fungicides Profit Gold, Ridomil Gold against fungal diseases, against weeds – Zenkor and Remus. High yield of potato environmentally friendly considering nitrates was obtained by means of simultaneous application of N90P135K90 and white mustard green mass. Tuber yield was 40.4 tonnes per hectare compared to 22.7 tonnes per hectare on the control site, and nitrate content was 111.3 mg while maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is 250 mg/kg. According to MPC established in the Russian Federation, for childrenʼs and dietary nutrition fertilizer dose should not exceed N60P90K60 in combination with a bioameliorant and a biological plant protection system. Safety interval (period between plant treatment and harvesting) for chemical insecticides is 35–40 days; fungicides – 20 days; herbicides (depending on their type) – 55–70 days. The production of ecologically clean potato according to EU standards was achieved only by means of using post-harvest green manure as a fertilizer, applying biological insecticides and Celest preparation within the framework of protecting plants against pests and diseases.

Економічна та енергетична ефективність застосування добрив при вирощуванні картоплі в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України

The influence of elements of intensive potato cultivation technology, in particular, on the application of organic-mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of varieties for different types of ripeness and their economic and energy efficiency in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine, is investigated. It was established that among the studied variants, the maximum efficiency was provided by the planting of medium-ripe varieties under fertilizer application with the normal background (40 t / ha of manure) + N 120 P 120 K 120 . The increase in yields in relation to control in these variants was 2.4-10.0 t / ha in medium-early varieties, 2.1-9.6 t / ha in medium-ripe varieties and 3.2-11.0 t / ha in medium -late varieties. At the same time, the production costs were in the range of 41767.51-50705.22 UAH / ha, 41863.02-50768.89 and 41385.47-50386.85 UAH / ha, respectively. Additional costs included the cost of acquiring and contributing organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as the costs of harvesting, transporting and marketing of the extra crop obtained from the application of fertilizers. The lowest level of production costs was characterized by the variants without fertilizers 35944.25-36772.01 UAH / ha. The cost of production in the period of research largely depended on the level of yield and average selling price. When the fertilizer background (40 t / ha of manure) was introduced, the profit was in medium-early varieties – 66732.49 UAH / ha, medium-ripe varieties 67686.98 and medium- late varieties – 62914.53 UAH / ha. While in control this indicator was at the level of 57155.75-65427.99 UAH / ha. In variants with the introduction of full organic-mineral fertilizers in the soil the most profitable was the variant with the application of (background + N 120 P 120 K 120 ) in medium-early varieties - 84394.78 UAH / ha, medium-ripe varieties 85031.11 and medium-late varieties - 81213.15 UAH / ha. Application of other norms of mineral fertilizers on the background of organic increased the level of the analyzed index in all studied varieties relative to the control variant. The highest efficiency of the applied fertilizer standards was obtained on the variants background (40 t / ha of manure) + N 90 P 90 K 90 , in the cultivation of medium-early and medium-ripe varieties, the cost of 1 t of tubers for these variants amounted to 1312.99 UAH and 1304.99 UAH., the level of profitability was 166.57% and 168.20% respectively. In terms of varieties, the lowest effect was achieved when growing medium-late varieties of potatoes, with the highest profitability in the variant: the background (40 t / ha manure) + N 120 P 120 K 120 - 161.18%. Cost of 1 t of tubers under this variant amounted to 1340.08 UAH. Consequently, the calculations show that the expected positive effect of increasing the dose of mineral fertilizers in the technology of growing potatoes, allows receiving higher yields of tubers, but the economic effect of applying higher doses of mineral fertilizers decreases, primarily due to the high cost of mineral fertilizers, which significantly increased the cost of grown products. After calculating the energy efficiency of the effect of fertilizers on the productivity of different varieties of potato ripeness, it was found that the highest returns were obtained in variants with the application of soil fertilizer background (40 t / ha of manure) + N 60 P 60 K 60 . Where the highest rates of energy efficiency were obtained: for medium-early varieties - 3.04, for medium-ripe varieties - 3.14. Also, high values have become available on the variants with 40 t / ha of manure and background (40 t / ha manure) + N 90 P 90 K 90 in the ground. In particular, when 40 tons / ha of manure were introduced into the ground, potatoes of medium-late varieties were planted with the highest coefficient of energy efficiency of 2.85. Consequently, an increase in the norms of mineral fertilizers for potatoes from (N 60 P 60 K 60 ) to (N 120 P 120 K 120 ) contributed to the increase in yields, but at the same time the agronomic and energy efficiency of fertilizers decreased significantly, which contradicted the principles of intensification of agricultural production. In general, the energy efficiency of mineral fertilizers transferred directly to potatoes is rather high, since the energy efficiency factor significantly exceeds the unit, which indicates the energy saving of the investigated technology of potato cultivation. It is expedient to apply fertilizer rates to those in which it is possible to obtain the greatest energy efficiency at the optimal cost, ensuring compliance with the priority energy saving policy in agrarian production. Key words: potato, variety, fertilizer, yield, prime cost, profitability level

Adaptasi Pertumbuhan Dua Varietas Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) terhadap Pemberian Naungan: Kajian Pengembangan Budidaya di Dataran Menengah

Ekstensifikasi budidaya kentang perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi volume impor. Salah satu caranya adalah pelaksanaan budidaya kentang di dataran menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi budidaya kentang di dataran menengah melalui pengujian dua varietas dan implementasi naungan. Penelitian berlangsung selama bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama yakni varietas terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu Granola Kembang dan Atlantik. Faktor kedua yakni naungan terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu tanpa naungan, naungan satu lapis, dan naungan dua lapis. Data dianalisa menggunakan Analysis of Variance lalu diuji lanjut menggunakan BNT taraf 5% dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi naungan memberikan pengaruh nyata (*) pada pertambahan tinggi tanaman umur 10-20 HST, jumlah daun umur 30 dan 40 HST, diameter umbi hasil, serta memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (**) pada pertambahan tinggi tanaman umur 20-30 HST. Perlakuan varietas memberikan pengaruh nyata (*) pada jumlah daun umur 20 HST, jumlah tunas, panjang umbi, serta memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (**) terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 10 HST, pertambahan tinggi tanaman umur 10-20, 20-30, dan 30-40 HST, jumlah daun umur 30 dan 40 HST, bobot dan diameter umbi. Interaksi antara naungan dan varietas memberikan pengaruh nyata (*) pada pertambahan tinggi tanaman umur 20-30 HST.

Урожайность разных сортов картофеля в зависимости от систем обработки светло-серой лесной почвы

Выявлена возможность адаптации импортной сельскохозяйственной техники и голландской технологии возделывания картофеля, а также различных его сортов к местным почвенно-климатическим условиям. Зяблевая основная обработка почвы оборотным плугом под картофель эффективнее весновспашки в голландской технологии возделывания картофеля сортов Ред Скарлетт и Колетте, превосходит по урожайности отечественный сорт Удача.

Efficiency in Potato Growing with Irrigation in Dry Climate

Improvements were introduced in technology of potato cultivation under irrigation in the conditions of the Southern Urals steppes. Key elements of agronomical complexes aimed to cultivate the crop were developed in experiments. They provide control of light regime and feeding schedule, phytosanitary characteristics of seeds to gain different levels of the expected yield. We defined water consumption regime of the crop in ontogeny for regional conditions. On the result of multivariance evaluation we defined percent of impact of the examined factors on potato crop capacity. It was set out that if water and feeding regime of soil are combined in the optimum way the potato crop makes 49 tons per 1 hectar.

Adoption of BARI Recommended Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Varieties by the Potato Farmers of Bangladesh

This study was conducted to determine the extent of adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties by the potato growers in three Upazilas namely, Pirgachha of Rangpur, Munsiganj sadar of Munsiganj and Shibganj of Bogra district of Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives, the present research was designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The study areas were selected purposively considering highly concentrated potato growing areas. Total numbers of potato growers in the selected areas were 581 from which 231 were selected as respondents following proportionate random sampling technique. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents during October, 2010 to February, 2011. The potato growers showed marked individual differences in their socio-economic characteristics and majority of them belonged to middle age category having small family size, primary level of education, small farm size, medium innovativeness and medium contact with extension personnel. The study revealed that the highest proportion (68.4%) of the potato farmers belonged to high adoption category; whereas 6.5 percent fall in medium adoption category and 25.1 percent in low adoption category of BARI recommended potato varieties. Extent of adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties were found more or less equal in three different study areas, where the highest (72.6%) portion of the potato farmers were in high adoption category in Munshiganj Sadar followed by 68.4 percent in Shibganj and 67.5 percent in Pirgachha. The studies also revealed that Diamant, Cardinal and Granola were the most popular varieties among all the released varieties of BARI and are largely grown in Munshiganj, Rangpur and Bogra, respectively. Farmers’ education and knowledge about potato cultivation technology showed significant positive relationship with their adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17492 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 79-86

ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACTOPASLON APPLICATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION

The paper describes the investigation results of economic and energy efficiency of microbial preparation Bactopaslon application in the technology of potato cultivation. The high efficiency of the studied biological product due to the advanced yield increase rates as compared to the increased costs was established.

Toxic compound levels in potatoes are dependent on cultivation methods

The quality of potato tubers and their chemical composition are influenced by genetics as well as the soil fertility, weather conditions, the soil profile, and the chemical treatments that are applied. This field study on potato cultivation methods was conducted near Wroclaw (Lower Silesia), Poland. The variables used in the study included the potato cultivar [Asterix, Pirol (medium-to-early maturing varieties) and Syrena (medium-to-late maturing variety)] and the potato cultivation technology (organic, integrated and conventional). The experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2007.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ecological (organic), integrated and conventional cultivation methods on the nitrate and glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers. The cultivation method was determined to have a significant effect on the toxic compound concentrations in the potato tubers. The lowest glycoalkaloid and nitrate (NO3−) concentrations occurred in the potato tubers from the ecological plots. Mi...