EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF NEMATODE-RESISTENT VARIETY OF POTATO IN THE FOCUS OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES

Abstract

Tests of nematode-resistant potato variety Crystal were carried out on the garden of the town of Kondrovo, Kaluga region. The use of typical potato cultivation technology for personal subsidiary farms in the center of the golden potato nematode over the 10 year cultivation period has shown a high biological efficiency of the nematode-resistant variety (up to 100%). Complete cleansing of the soil from eggs and larvae of the golden potato nematode with 26,218 ind. up to 0 copies for 10 year cultivation varieties in monoculture. In some years, the biological efficiency of growing nematode-resistant varieties ranged from 18 to 66%, depending on the favorable conditions of the year. Under unfavorable conditions for growing potato plants, when a weak root system was formed, or during deep plowing of the soil, when cysts of golden potato nematodes with viable eggs and larvae were carried to the upper soil horizons, the number of nematodes increased by 36–64%. Cysts of the golden potato nematode, which may belong to different generations and are located in the deep layers of the soil, have been preserved in the soil for up to 14 years. However, viable eggs and larvae completely died for 10 years, which was confirmed by the conducted biotest for the viability and invasiveness of the larvae of the golden potato nematode. With a decrease in the number of golden potato nematodes in the soil, the yield of nematode-resistant varieties of potatoes every year increased from 86 to 414 centners/ha. The economic efficiency of growing nematode-resistant potato varieties for 11 years was 79%. Over the years, it ranged from 6 to 51%.