Pot Green Synthesis Research Articles

Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles via palm oil fronds extracts for cytotoxicity assay

One of the major focus of scientific community todays is the synthesis of nanoparticles using various bio agents, which are biodegradable for their subsequent bio-application. One pot green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was successfully achieved using palm oil fronds extracts as stabilizing agent and ultrasound radiation as reducing agent. The functional groups such as OH–, CO – stretch, NH – stretching and other function groups were found to be responsible for stabilizing the AuNPs. The size and morphology of the as-synthesized AuNPs was investigated using HRTEM. The XRD patterns display the peaks of face centred cubic crystal structures at (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222). The cytotoxicity of the bio-synthesized was investigated using human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293 cells) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7 cells) in vitro study, where more than 50 % of the cells were viable after exposure from 0 mg/ml (negative control) to 1 mg/ml, which indicates the material suitability in future medical application.

One pot green synthesis and EM wave absorption performance of MoS2@nitrogen doped carbon hybrid decorated with ultrasmall cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, the concept of environmental protection has become more and more popular, and green synthesis has attracted many attentions. In view of the situation, we report a novel MoS2@nitrogen doped carbon hybrid decorated with ultrasmall cobalt ferrite nanoparticles(MoS2@n-C@CoFe2O4 hybrid), which was skillfully prepared via one pot green reaction. The whole synthesis process of the hybrid is environmental friendly, and no heavy metal ions remain in the final reaction system. The microstructure, crystal form, chemical elemental composition, surface functional groups, thermal stability and EM wave absorbing performance of the obtained products were systematically investigated. When the calcination temperature is 600 °C, the hybrid performs optimum capability for EM wave. The reflection loss curve suggested that the MoS2@n-C@CoFe2O4-600 hybrid exhibits excellent EM wave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss value of −46.7 dB at the specimen thickness of 2.4 mm, which can be attributed to the fair electromagnetic matching, interface polarization, interface relaxation and some other factors.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from Olea dioica Roxb., leaf extracts and its biological activity

Introduction and Aim: The silver nanoparticles have attained a special place in the area of nanotechnology because of their different biological applications. Fabrication of nanoparticles using green synthesis is done because of its wide applications in different fields such as biomedical, medicine, agriculture and food engineering. This study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Ag-NPs using leaf extracts of the medicinal plant.
 Materials and Methods: The medicinal plants are rich sources of various medicinal properties. Olea dioica Roxb., leaf extract was used to investigate the effects of Ag-NPs having antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity. The plant leaf extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds which acts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques like UV- visible spectrophotometer, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis.
 Results: The synthesis of sliver nanoparticles from plant source, and analysis of nano particles by UV-Vis spectra, SEM and FTIR. The biological evaluations of Ag-NPs indicated an excellent inhibitory efficacy, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for their future applications in medicine.
 Conclusion: The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The silver (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles synthesized by the pot green synthesis method proves its potential use in various medical applications.
 Keywords: Silver nanoparticles; Medicinal plants; Ag-NPs; Olea dioica Roxb.,

Silver nanoparticle synthesis by Acalypha wilkesiana extract: phytochemical screening, characterization, influence of operational parameters, and preliminary antibacterial testing

Single pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully carried out using medicinal plant extract of Acalypha wilkesiana via bottom-up approach. Five imperative operational parameters (pH, contact time, concentration, volume ratio and temperature) pivotal to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles were investigated. The study showed pH 9, 90 min contact time, 0.001 M Ag+ concentration, volume ratio 1:9 (extract: Ag+ solution), and temperature between 90 – 100 °C were important for the synthesis of Acalypha wilkesiana silver nanoparticles (AW-AgNPs). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenols and triterpenes for A. wilkesiana. These phytomolecules served as both capping and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. AW-AgNPs was characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed at 450 nm which is a characteristic absorbance region of AW-AgNPs formation as a result of the collective oscillation of free electron of silver nanoparticles. FTIR Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups responsible for bioreduction of Ag+. SEM and TEM results confirmed a well dispersed AW-AgNPs of spherical shape. EDX shows the elemental distribution and confirmed AgNPs with a characteristic intense peak at 3.0 keV. AW-AgNPs showed significant inhibition against selected Gram negative and Gram positive prevailing bacteria. AW-AgNPs can therefore be recommended as potential antimicrobial and therapeutic agent against multidrug resistant pathogens.

One pot Green Synthesis of Nano magnesium oxide-carbon composite: Preparation, characterization and application towards anthracene adsorption

Abstract Activated carbon was prepared from palm shell agro waste by chemical activation method using Potassium hydroxide. Nano-magnesium oxide was green synthesized using neem leaf extract by rapid precipitation method. Nano-magnesium oxide impregnated onto palm shell activated carbon composite was produced by dropwise mechanism and its efficiency was tested for the removal of anthracene from the aqueous solution. The surface area of the synthesized composite wasfound to be 69 m2/g and hexagonal structure of nano-MgO and amorphous nature of composites were confirmed by X-Ray diffraction. Uniform deposition of MgO particles onto the activated carbon was shown in Scanning electron microscopic images. Statistical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) showed the optimum conditions for the removal of anthracene using nano-composite biosorbent as 6 g/L dosage, 30 °C temperature and initial anthracene concentration of 25 mg/L. The equilibrium model was best fitted with Freundlich isotherm. The maximum anthracene uptake was achieved in 60 min. Kinetic studies indicate that the pseudo-second order model is the best fit for the adsorption kinetic data. This experimental study also determines the potential efficacy of nano-MgO Carbon composite for the removal of anthracene from the real industrial effluent. In addition, phytotoxicity analysis of used nano-MgO Carbon composite is carried out on the soybean and black gram seeds, to prove its sustainability at the real environmental point of view. The cost effective green synthesis of composite for anthracene removal was well discussed and ultimately it shed light on the plausible adsorption of petroleum effluent from industrial point of view. Thus, the approaches adopted herein elucidate an efficient adsorption mechanism to eliminate anthracene present in the environment.

One Pot Green Synthesis of Si Quantum Dots and Catalytic Au Nanoparticle–Si Quantum Dot Nanocomposite

We report a simple, green, and room temperature synthetic route for the formation of Si quantum dots (Si QDs) and Au nanoparticle–Si quantum dot (Au NP-Si QD) nanocomposites. Glucose was used as a reductant for one-pot synthesis of water-dispersible blue emitting Si QDs. The use of simple biomolecules for the generation of functional hybrid materials is of great significance for both economic and environmental benefits. The as prepared Si QDs have an average size of 2.7 nm with emission maximum at 467 nm. These Si QDs showed a reversible thermoresponsive emission in the temperature range of 20–80 °C in water and excellent salt tolerance enabling the QDs to be extremely suitable for biomolecular functionalization and use as probes for biological fluorescence imaging. Further, the as prepared hydrophilic Si QDs have been exploited as a reduction reagent to reduce Au3+ ions to Au NPs. The Si QDs also functioned as an effective stabilizer by forming a thin layer over the Au NPs leading to the formation of Au NP-Si QD nanocomposite. This composite material was found to exhibit catalytic activity to reduce nitroarenes. Such multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials are potential candidates for photocatalysis, bioimaging, and sensing applications.

Green sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles using palm oil leaves extracts

Synthesis of nanoparticles using various stabilizing agents is one of the major focuses of scientific community now a days. One pot green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was successfully achieved using palm oil leaves extracts as stabilizing agent and ultrasound radiation as reducing agent. The effects of concentration of palm oil leaves extracts was investigated. The functional groups such as OH–, CO – stretch, NH – stretching and other function groups were found to be responsible for stabilizing the AuNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to measure the average particles sizes and the distribution of the as-synthesized AuNPs. The average particles size were found to be between 92.37 to 112.3 nm for particles size using 2 % and 5 % of POLE respectively. The morphology of the as-synthesized AuNPs was investigated using EFTEM. The XRD patterns display the peaks of face centered cubic crystal structures at (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222).

One pot green synthesis of C-dots from groundnuts and its application as Cr(VI) sensor and in vitro bioimaging agent

The emergence of fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) has received special attention due to their distinct characteristics which are advantageous for optical sensing and bioimaging applications. Cr(VI) is considered a hazardous environmental pollutant hence requires a simple and effective method for its detection and recovery. Herein, we have synthesized both C-dots and N-doped C-dots from ground nuts employing a cost-effective and green hydrothermal method. N-C-dots exhibits a remarkably enhanced quantum yield (17.6%) as compared to undoped C-dots (7.8%). In addition,the N-C-dots showed amazing selectivity towards Cr(VI) in the metal sensing application. Cr (VI) induced quenching of fluorescence was recovered using Humic acid as well as Glutathione thus exhibiting an off-on type sensing mechanism. The limit of detection (LOD) for Cr(VI) using N-C-dots was found to be 0.1 mg/L. C-dots possess comparatively low cytotoxicity than N-C-dots at higher concentration thereby making them an efficient candidate for bioimaging of MCF-7 cells.

Curcumin‐Functionalized Ag/Ag2O Nanocomposites: Efficient Visible‐Light Z‐scheme Photocatalysts

Curcumin-functionalized Ag/Ag2 O (c-Ag/Ag2 O) nanocomposites with varying proportions of curcumin and Ag/Ag2 O were prepared by a simple one pot green synthesis protocol in aqueous medium. The plasmonic band undergoes slight redshift, broadening and decrease in intensity with increase in the proportion of Ag2 O formed. These composite nanoparticles were found to be efficient visible-light photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation of methyl orange and rhodamine B (RhB). Functionalization by curcumin significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity with good reusability. The photocatalytic oxidation rate showed super linear increase with light intensity because of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-induced strong near field. The trapping experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals were the main active species responsible for the degradation reaction. A plasmonic Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is proposed to explain the possible charge transfer and separation behavior of electron-hole pairs among Ag, Ag2 O and curcumin under visible-light irradiation.

Single Pot Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antitumor Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activity of Bimetallic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Fruit Pulp of Palmyra Fruit

Single Pot Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antitumor Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activity of Bimetallic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Fruit Pulp of Palmyra Fruit

Facile one pot green synthesis of Chitosan-Iron oxide (CS-Fe2O3) nanocomposite: Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from synthetic and industrial wastewater

Abstract A novel Chitosan-Iron oxide (CS-Fe2O3) nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile one pot green route. The surface morphology of nanocomposite was characterized by various instrumental techniques such as SEM/EDX, TEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET analysis. The nanocomposite was further explored for the sequestration of toxic metals Pb (II), Cd (II) in single system and Pb (II) in binary system from aqueous solution. The influence of various sorption parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were evaluated to get the optimum conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied to fit the experimental data. Pseudo-first, Pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models were applied for the kinetic study. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetic model were best fitted with experimental results. The sorption process was found to be endothermic, spontaneous with increased randomness as confirmed by thermodynamic studies. The nanocomposite showed excellent recyclable efficiency upto five cycles. The nanocomposite has also been proved to be an excellent potential sorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements from industrial and medical wastewater. Therefore, the present nanocomposite is considered as an efficient and ecofriendly sorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements from wastewater.

Green synthesis of antimicrobial and antitumor N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride/poly (acrylic acid)/silver nanocomposites

The present study is imported to solve two critical problems we face in our daily life which are microbial pollution and colon cancer. One pot green synthesis of a water soluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) between cationic polysaccharide as N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) and anionic polymer as poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) in presence of silver nanoparticles to yield (TMC/PAA/Ag) nanocomposites with different Ag weight ratios. Structure of TMC, PAA and TMC/PAA (PEC) were proved via different analysis tools. TMC/PAA and its Ag nanocomposites are used as antimicrobial agents against different pathogenic bacteria and fungi to solve microbial pollution. TMC/PAA-Silver nanocomposites had the highest antimicrobial activity which increases with increasing Ag %. Cytotoxicity data confirmed also that TMC/PAA/Ag (3%) had the most cytotoxic effect (the less cell viability %) towards colon cancer. TMC/PAA (PEC) was formed through electrostatic interactions between N-quaternized (-N+R3) groups in TMC and carboxylate (-COO−) groups in PAA.

One Pot Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Multiple Applications

Cost effective chemosensors were developed from green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Leucas indica and were characterized with surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) UV Spectrometry. The sensitivity and selectivity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles towards transition metal ions and alkaline earth metals were studied. Applications such as antimicrobial activity and the ability of formed stable nanoparticle to act as chemosensors are also studied. UV studies confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles by their characteristic peak in range of 436-446nm. Ag NPs also showed antimicrobial activities with gram negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms.

Averrhoa carambola L. assisted phytonanofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its anti-microbial activity against drug resistant microbes

Overcoming hazardous techniques for nanoparticles synthesis from physical and chemical methods, ecofriendly nanoparticles synthesis has mitigated the problems of ecosystems applying principles of green chemistry. One pot green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Averrhoa carambola aqueous extract with Zn (NO3)2·6H2O for bioreduction by combustion at 487°C. Bionanofabricated nanoparticles was characterized by UV-Visible, XRD, and SEM. The results indicated unambiguous formation of pure ZnO NPs. Biomedical applications of ZnO NPs revealed by antibacterial activity through microbroth dilution technique and antifungal activity by food-poisoning technique. Greener ZnO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity in 0.25 to 0.0025 μg/ml range against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal effect against plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum in 100-700 μg/ml range. ZnO NPs are nontoxic, stable, and biocompatible and studied extensively to explore their utility as a potential antimicrobial agent. The broad spectrum of bioactivity of nanoparticles makes them promising agents not only to fight infections, but in many other biomedical areas.

Engineering of pectin-reduced gold nanoparticles for targeted delivery of an antiviral drug to macrophages: in vitro and in vivo assessment

In this study, we have attempted one pot green synthesis of non-cytotoxic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The formation of pectin (PEC)-reduced and stabilized gold nanoparticles was ascertained by monitoring surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band. The as-synthesized gold nanoparticles demonstrated SPR band at 518 nm, having a spherical shape with a particle size of 13 nm and zeta potential value of − 34.17 mV. The pectin-reduced gold nanoparticles (PEC-AuNPs) showed excellent stability under varying pH and electrolyte conditions. The potential of PEC-AuNPs as a carrier of antiretroviral drug zidovudine (AZT) was explored. In vitro cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles by macrophages was visualized by confocal microscopy and quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The in vivo tissue distribution of PEC-AuNPs was carried out in Wistar rats to evaluate its potential to target HIV reservoir sites. These finding could be further utilized for imaging and cancer therapy using tumor-associated macrophages.

Facile-one pot-green synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antiplatelet activities of lignin capped silver nanoparticles: A promising therapeutic agent

The current work portrays the green synthesis of Lignin Capped Silver Nanoparticles (LCSN) and their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antiplatelet potential. The LCSN was synthesized in water using a carbohydrate based polymer ‘lignin’ as the reducing and capping agents. The peak at 406nm (λmax) in the UV–Vis., spectrum and EDX analysis confirmed 1.68% (w/w) of silver was found to be loaded on lignin. The characteristic sharp peaks appeared in the PXRD spectrum showed fcc crystalline structure LCSN. SEM and TEM images indicated that the spherical Ag-NPs were well dispersed on lignin with an average particle size of ~10–15nm. LCSN showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens S. aureus, E. coli and A. niger and the percentage of zone of inhibition was found to be 10%, 12% and 80% respectively. Further, LCSN was evaluated for antioxidant potential using DPPH scavenging assay, interestingly it showed antioxidant activity and the percentage against positive control vitamin C was found to be 70%. Furthermore, LCSN did not interfere in plasma coagulation; however, it found to inhibit agonist ADP induced platelet aggregation of human platelet rich plasma. The observed inhibition was found to be 37% and the calculated IC50 value was found to be 9mg/mL. LCSN did not lyses RBC membrane when assayed hemolytic activity suggesting its non-toxic nature.

Gum ghatti mediated, one pot green synthesis of optimized gold nanoparticles: Investigation of process-variables impact using Box-Behnken based statistical design

Due to unique inherent catalytic characteristics of different size, shape and surface functionalized gold nanoparticles, their potential applications, are being explored in various fields such as drug delivery, biosensor, diagnosis and theranostics. However conventional process for synthesis of these metallic nanoparticles utilizes toxic reagents as reducing agents, additional capping agent for stability as well as surface functionalization for drug delivery purposes. Hence, in this work suitability of gum Ghatti for reducing, capping and surface functionalization during the synthesis of stable Gold nanoparticles were duly explored. Role and impact of key process variables i.e. volume of chloroauric acid solution, gum solution and temperature at their respective three different levels, as well as mechanism of formation of optimized gold nanoparticles were also investigated using Box- Behnken design. These novel synthesized optimized Gold nanoparticles were further characterized by UV spectrophotometer for its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at around ∼530nm, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for its hydrodynamic size (112.5nm), PDI (0.222) and zeta potential (−21.3mV) while, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further revealed surface geometry of these nanoparticles being spherical in shape.

Calotropis procera mediated one pot green synthesis of Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NPs) for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions

The present study deals with the synthesis of CuO‐NPs via green route and investigated its application for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The experimental parameters were optimized through Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of response surface methodology for the optimum response. The adsorption equilibrium data was well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model and the kinetics was explained through pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The overall process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Linear approach for analysing the isotherm as well as kinetic parameters was found more appropriate than the non‐linear approach. The adsorbent was successfully regenerated and reused up to five consecutive cycles without significant loss in removal capacity. The experimental results exhibited that CuO‐NPs can be a good alternative for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions.

An environmentally benign one pot green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide based composites for the enzyme free electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide

An rGO/Ag–Pd nanocomposite prepared by using Arachis hypogaea scrap extract was exploited as an enzyme-free electrochemical probe for the detection of H2O2.

One–pot green catalytic synthesis of primary amides in aqueous medium by CuII–immobilized silica–based magnetic retrievable nanocatalyst

In order to develop a new nanocatalyst, a copper–birhodanine derivative complex crafted onto Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle [abbreviated as Fe3O4@SiO2–Ligand–Cu(II)] was synthesized and their structure characterized by different physicochemical techniques such as FT–IR, FE–SEM, XRD, EDX, TGA, AGFM, and ICP. This new magnetic nanoparticle revealed high catalytic performance for one–pot green synthesis of primary amides from aldehydes and NH2OH·HCl in water as a green solvent. The effects of catalyst amounts, reaction temperature, various bases and type of solvent on catalytic activity were also investigated. The catalyst was retrieved eight times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.