Post-war Crisis Research Articles

Team GB, or No Team GB, That Is The Question: Olympic Football and the Post-War Crisis of Britishness

This article explores the furore surrounding the proposed creation of a ‘Team GB’ football team for the London 2012 Olympics, contextualizing it historically within the post-war crisis of Britishness.

James Stirling's Architecture and the Post-War Crisis of Movement

Deleuze's cinema project identifies a crisis of movement, action and thought, established initially in the war-devastated spaces of neo-realist cinema. Indirectly these spaces subordinate architecture as the locus of crisis, which only new, temporal artistic practices can avert. However, an architectural model of the smooth and striated, revealing a sophisticated interplay of the two concepts, can reinstall design practice and the intentional built environment as part of a productive and affirmative image of thought. The designs of James Stirling, whose career unfolds alongside significant developments in post-war spatial thought, reveal sensual expressions of new modes of subjectivity and individuation to accompany the increasingly aleatory and lacunary nature of movement.

“The Man Without a Country” and America’s Post-war Crisis of National Belonging

Hale’s “The Man Without a Country” turns on itself: The Man without a Country emerges not as the story’s one-dimensional villain but as its complex hero—a new sort of cosmopolitan patriot. With its powerful evocation of sentimental attachment to the figure of the American expatriate voyager, Hale’s tale reflects the author’s struggle to re-assert the sentimental power of an imagined community in the new context of a wide-ranging global existence. Hale may have begun writing in response to the crisis of national belonging triggered by the Civil War, hoping that this piece of invented folklore would reinforce or restore an older mode of bounded American national self-definition, but “The Man without a Country” in fact anticipates the outline of an alternative vision and stance reflecting the new international situation emerging over the course of the 19th-century—giving us a prescient portrait of an American identity that finds itself most fully in trans-national situations The Man Without a Country de Hale se retourne contre lui-même : The Man Without a Country n’apparaît pas comme le scélérat unidimensionnel de l’histoire, mais comme un héro complexe – une nouvelle sorte de patriote cosmopolite. Grâce à sa puissante évocation d’un attachement sentimental au personnage du voyageur américain expatrié, l’ouvrage de Hale reflète la lutte de l’auteur qui cherche à réaffirmer la puissance sentimentale d’une communauté imaginaire dans le nouveau contexte d’une vaste existence globale. Hale peut avoir commencé à écrire afin de répondre à une crise d’appartenance nationale déclenchée par la guerre de Sécession, en espérant que cette pièce de folklore inventé permettrait de renforcer ou de restaurer un ancien mode d’autodéfinition nationale américaine fermée, mais The Man without a Country anticipe de fait les grandes lignes d’une autre vision et façon de faire qui reflètent la nouvelle situation internationale émergeant durant le 19e siècle – et nous offre un portrait prescient d’une identité américaine qui se retrouve le mieux dans des situations transnationales.

Gramsci and Gobetti: a case of elective affinity

The focus of this article is the association between Gramsci and the radical liberal, Piero Gobetti (1901–1926). Although little known outside Italy, Gobetti was a regular, if marginal, presence in Gramsci’s circle of associations in Turin. His idiosyncratic doctrine of ‘revolutionary liberalism’ owed much to Gramsci’s Factory Council theory and, later, Gramsci himself identified Gobetti as the type of radicalized intellectual the Communist Party ought to engage in its struggle for hegemony. In the Prison Notebooks, too, Gobetti’s novel interpretation of Italy’s post-war crisis received several references and shared much with Gramsci’s own. Yet, despite their mutual admiration and appropriation, the connection between the two can be understood in terms of an ‘elective affinity’, that is, an association based on selected compatibilities. This term might well serve as a clue to the affinities we find with Gramsci’s work today.

Gramsci and Gobetti: a case of elective affinity

The focus of this article is the association between Gramsci and the radical liberal, Piero Gobetti (1901–1926). Although little known outside Italy, Gobetti was a regular, if marginal, presence in Gramsci’s circle of associations in Turin. His idiosyncratic doctrine of ‘revolutionary liberalism’ owed much to Gramsci’s Factory Council theory and, later, Gramsci himself identified Gobetti as the type of radicalized intellectual the Communist Party ought to engage in its struggle for hegemony. In the Prison Notebooks, too, Gobetti’s novel interpretation of Italy’s post-war crisis received several references and shared much with Gramsci’s own. Yet, despite their mutual admiration and appropriation, the connection between the two can be understood in terms of an ‘elective affinity’, that is, an association based on selected compatibilities. This term might well serve as a clue to the affinities we find with Gramsci’s work today.

“The Man Without a Country” and America's Post-war Crisis of National Belonging

Abstract: Hale's “The Man Without a Country” turns on itself: The Man without a Country emerges not as the story's one-dimensional villain but as its complex hero—a new sort of cosmopolitan patriot. With its powerful evocation of sentimental attachment to the figure of the American expatriate voyager, Hale's tale reflects the author's struggle to re-assert the sentimental power of an imagined community in the new context of a wide-ranging global existence. Hale may have begun writing in response to the crisis of national belonging triggered by the Civil War, hoping that this piece of invented folklore would reinforce or restore an older mode of bounded American national self-definition, but “The Man without a Country” in fact anticipates the outline of an alternative vision and stance reflecting the new international situation emerging over the course of the 19th-century—giving us a prescient portrait of an American identity that finds itself most fully in trans-national situations.

Belgium and the Netherlands: Two Different Ways of Coping with the Housing Crisis, 1945–70

ABSTRACTBelgium and the Netherlands are very different in their spatial outlook and in the way housing is organized. In Belgium individual private dwellings predominate whereas in the Netherlands social housing and planned neighborhoods are much more common. This article aims at unraveling the histories and sensibilities that led to this situation. It argues that the well-known diverging histories of architecture and urbanism make up only one explanation, which needs to be complemented by understanding the different processes of mediation between producers and consumers adopted by both countries. In tackling the postwar housing crisis, Belgium chose to stimulate private initiative by providing tax incentives for home builders. The Netherlands, on the other, hand mitigated the housing crisis by planning new estates of social housing, using new techniques of prefabrication that led to standardized flats. In the Netherlands the process of mediation, oriented towards “correct living,” was dominated by a national organization, which resolutely advocated modernist design as the most rational way to organize the home. In Belgium the task of mediation was taken up by “pillarized” social organizations rather than by a national institution. This resulted in a much stronger bottom-up influence from ordinary dwellers, who convinced their organizations to soften the modernist approach in favor of more traditionally inspired homes and interiors. The Belgian way of organizing home cultures thus came to resemble much more an “American way of living” than its Dutch counterpart—contradicting the prevailing literature that tends to stress the Americanization of Dutch culture while ignoring such patterns in Belgium.

Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction: Catalan Labour and the Crisis of the Spanish State, 1898-1923

Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction takes on the familiar theme of labour conflict in ‘red’ Barcelona and its industrial hinterlands in the early twentieth century. The book begins in 1898, but its primary focus is explaining the origins and development of the ‘labour wars’ of the period after the First World War in industrial Catalonia, and their contribution to Spain's version of the post-war crisis. Instead of developing an integrative model of labour relations that could have provided the foundation for a transition to democracy, the intensity and violence of labour conflict helped destabilise the élite liberal Restoration regime and pave the way for the coup and dictatorship of 1923. While the Catalan contribution to this post-war drama is only part of the larger crisis of legitimation, the level of industrialisation, labour mobilisation and political confrontation experienced in the region make it an irresistible case-study for exploring Spain's post-First World War crisis.

Kształtowanie się i organizacja przestrzenna korporacji ponadnarodowej Honda

Considering the market value of the company in Business Week ranking “The Global” for the years 2003–2005, Honda Motor was fluctuating around the 100th place. In 2005 the value of the corporation increased in relation to the previous year and equaled $51, 96 billion. However, in the car corporations category, Honda Motor is ranked second, after Toyota Motor (with market value $158.20 billion), and the third car corporation Daimler Chrysler is worth $51,28 billion.The origin of the Honda corporation dates back to the 1920’s, when Soichiro Honda (1906–1991) started producing motorbikes during the post-war crisis period. In March 1948, he was joined by Takeo Fujisawa (1915–1989) with whom Soichiro Honda founded Honda Motor Corporation. Contemporarily, the organizational structure of the Honda Corporation is based on multilevel management. At present, the organizational basis is six Regional Offices, located all over the world, subject on executive level to the Chairman of the Board and ten directors. The company’s headquarters is in Tokyo, but it has its production and distribution branches located in Japan, USA, Canada, Mexico, GB, France, I taly, Spain, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brazil and Turkey.

Doughty’s The Dawn in Britain and the Modernist Eclipse of the Victorian

Although the Modernist repudiation of things Victorian was a perfectly understandable response to postwar trauma, it is one that we still understand imperfectly at best. As the oldest and highest literary vindication to which a culture in postwar crisis could aspire, epic enjoyed an undiminished prestige that attracted some of Modernism’s best energies; but seeing Ulysses or the Cantos for what they are means affiliating them with their recent generic antecedents. A case in point, The Dawn in Britain (1906) anticipated, in its own key as a distinctly Victorian poet’s strange Edwardian epic, several problems and solutions that would engross its successors. For Doughty too meant to purify the dialect of the tribe – no matter what peculiarities of vocabulary and syntax the purge might entail – in the interest of a fearlessly direct episodic rendition of conquest and migration, always embedded within a patriotic plot of Eurasian scope and endowed with deep classical and biblical resonance. Embracing the site-perspectivism of his generation, and evincing a surprising cultural relativism to match, Doughty won among the Modernist generation who were his epic’s most impressionable first readers a following substantial enough to fund ample skepticism, in our time, about those defensive anti-Victorian slogans of theirs.

Novel Ethics: Alterity and Form in Jacob’s Room

Research Article| March 01 2007 Novel Ethics: Alterity and Form in Jacob’s Room Rachel Hollander Rachel Hollander Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2007) 53 (1): 40–66. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2007-2001 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Rachel Hollander; Novel Ethics: Alterity and Form in Jacob’s Room. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 March 2007; 53 (1): 40–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2007-2001 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Hofstra University2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Essays You do not currently have access to this content.

Karl Kraus, apocalyptic satirist: the post-war crisis and the rise of the swastika

Karl Kraus, apocalyptic satirist: the post-war crisis and the rise of the swastika

Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist, vol. II: The Post-War Crisis and the Rise of the Swastika by Edward Timms

Karl Kraus, Apocalyptic Satirist, vol. II: The Post-War Crisis and the Rise of the Swastika by Edward Timms

Jazz Adventures in French Culture by Jacqueline Dutton, Colin Nettelbeck

MLR, IOI .2, 2006 55 I expertise. Of the three interviews, the one conducted by Philippe Lejeune is themost interesting: it clarifies Ernaux's reasons for publishing parts of her diary. The singularity of Annie Ernaux's position, 'in-between', is convincingly argued throughout. Her use of this position, as highlighted by Charpentier and evidenced by this volume, is fascinating. The aggression and unfairness shown in the extracts from reviews of Ernaux's work given by Charpentier are a forceful reminder of just how difficult it is for awoman writer to create forms of writing that cross boundaries and fail to respect established rules. Thumerel's volume bears testimony both to Ernaux's efforts and to her success. UNIVERSITY OF WALES SWANSEA CATHERINE RODGERS Jazz Adventures inFrench Culture (=Nottingham French Studies, 43. I (Spring 2004)). Ed. by JACQUELINE DUTTON and COLIN NETTELBECK. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. 2004. i67 pp. T20. ISSN 0029-4586. This collection of articles by French, British, and US scholars on the various roles of jazzmusic in twentieth-century France excellently demonstrates, as Ludovic Tournes underscores in the introduction, the richness of jazz music as a topic of academic in vestigation. The first half deals with musicology, history, cultural policies, and colo nial studies, while the second half is dedicated to the relationship of jazz music with French literature and cinema. Hasse, who presents a chronology of Duke Ellington's visits to France, recalls that the pianist experienced in France his first proper jazz concerts, leaving behind the variety show format. Jean-Louis Pautrot rehabilitates Andre Hodeir as a jazz composer and insists on his particularly European contribu tion to jazz criticism. Prieto focuses on the triangular exchanges of France with the West Indies and the US to trace the birth of biguine, a creolized genre whose merit lay in its rhythmic predictability. Terri J.Gordon compares the evolution of Josephine Baker's career in France with that of jazz, both being understood as regenerative forces (after the First World War) and as symbols of degeneration. Adriana Costa and Anne Legrand present different viewpoints on the Hot Club de France: while Costa focuses on the musicianship of Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli, whose string quintet gave the Hot Club its distinctive style, Legrand takes a fresh look at the work of Charles Delaunay, the promoter, archivist, and editor for Jazz Hot, the club's official journal. Highlighting the similarities between the often demarcated scenes of French jazz and pop (including their eclosion in times of post-war crisis and their 'foreignness'), David Looseley demonstrates that both became categorized as sites of contrast to the supposedly 'national' and 'intellectual' chanson. Vincent Cotro outlines his new research on tribute albums in jazz music, discarding nostal gia and suggesting instead that artists generate new filiations through improvisations and personal adaptations. Matthew Jordan deconstructs the racialized judgements of early French jazz critics, who, attaching general qualities to the unseen voix negre in I920S recordings, had to revise their assumptions when artists' pictures started to ap pear on album covers. Jacqueline Dutton demonstrates the role of jazz in Le Clezio's Poisson d'or, whose protagonist journeys from her native Africa to France and the US eventually to become a jazz artist. Edmund Smyth develops the concept of the 'jazz novel' in his analysis of Christian Gailly's latest stories, showing how shifts in the narration echo jazz improvisation. In her presentation of Jacques Rieda's poetry and literary criticism, Marie Joqueviel-Bourjea similarly demonstrates the ability of prosody, with its elastic effects around the emuet, to reflect the 'swing' flexibility of jazz music. Focusing onJ'irai cracher sur vos tombes,Rashida K. Braggs explains that, despite his somewhat reductionist categorizing of black men as good musicians, Boris 552 Reviews Vian showed an unusual empathy for theAfro-American population. Outside fiction, Gilles Mouellic similarly emphasizes Vian's original contribution to jazz criticism and his role as a precursor in theorizing the links between jazz music and cinema. Finally, Peter Schulman and Colin Nettelbeck provide analyses of the influence of jazz in, respectively, Jean-Pierre Melville and Louis Malle's films. While jazz evokes bachelor freedom inMelville's films, Malle used jazz to...

Britain, South African gold, and the sterling area, 1945–50

Despite its economic importance to Britain and to the sterling area at a critical time in the late 1940s, the role of South Africa has been largely neglected. During the war and post-war years the Empire-Commonwealth and the sterling area assumed an unprecedented significance in Britain’s economic survival and in its attempt to maintain its international status. As the post-war economic crisis deepened, drawing many Commonwealth countries into greater interdependence, the ability of the sterling area to obtain gold and dollars emerged as a critical constraint on the economic prospects of its members. To ease the operations of the sterling area the British monetary authorities had hoped to be able to draw heavily on South African gold as it had in the 1930s and during the war.

Η ΚΡΙΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΣΟΥΕΖ (1956) ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΟΓΑΛΛΙΚΕΣ ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ

<p>Lambros Flitouris, The Suez Crisis and the Greek-French Relations</p> <p>The Suez crisis in 1956 constitutes an important point in the development of the international relations at the period of the cold war. 1956 is a landmark year for the appointment of the Arabic nationalism as a basic constitutive element of the anti-colonialist wave that convulsed the world. During this period, the relations of Greece with the states involved in the crisis were to a large extent precarious. The anti-imperialists tones of Nasser found impression in the Greek common opinion that was exceptionally irritated from the EOKA's fight in Cyprus. In the present article we examine one particular aspect of the crisis: the relations of Greece with France. The agreements of economic collaboration that was achieved by Markezinis in 1953 signalled a new era in the activation of French capital in Greece. In combination with the big cultural tradition that Prance had in the country but also with the crisis in the relations of Greece with the UK because of the Cypriot question, the French factor in Greece acquired a great importance. However, the French diplomacy followed the policy of London and because of this the relations between Greece and France faced their more important post-war crisis. The Greek common opinion also turned against France, while the French diplomacy lost a great opportunity to strengthen her place in Greece. In the sector of economic relations and cultural exchanges befell a period of algidity with extensions in the Greek internal political life. The crisis of the period 1956-1958 constituted a negative parenthesis in the traditionally good relations between Athens and Paris, while it could be characterized as an adjacent negative result of the anti-colonial struggle and the Cypriot affair.</p>

Confidence in Hong Kong's Capitalist Society in the Aftermath of the Asian Financial Turmoil

The Asian financial turmoil that hit Hong Kong unexpectedly has produced the worst postwar economic crisis in this bastion of unfettered capitalism. It has exacerbated some worrisome trends that have plagued Hong Kong for more than a decade: diminishing international competitiveness of the economy; widening income inequality; greater involvement of the government in economic affairs; declining mobility opportunities; and an increasingly anxious middle class. Empirical findings however show that whilst Hongkongers' confidence in Hong Kong's capitalist society has been shaken a little, popular support for it has, on the whole, remained robust. Still, social discontent is on the rise, particularly among the middle-classes. Growing popular demand for governmental intervention and the proclivity of the post-1997 regime to exercise economic activism might, in the long run, threaten the viability of this last example of untrammeled capitalism.

Revolutionary Britannia?: reflections on the threat of revolution in Britain, 1789-1848

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part 1. Sedition and Treason, 1792-1820 The impact of the revolution in France Plots, real or imagined, 1793-1795 United Irish, English and Scotsmen, 1795-1803 The seriousness of the threat Luddism The post-war crisis, 1817 From Peterloo to Cato Street and Bonnymuir Conclusion Part 2. Revolution or reform, 1830-1832 The Reform Bill crisis Political unions and urban riots The Welsh rising, 1831 Rural unrest Conclusion Part 3, 1837-1848 The first Chartist crisis, 1839-1840 The Monmouthshire and Yorkshire risings The second Chartist crisis, 1842 The third Chartist crisis, 1848 Conclusion Part 4, Why was there no revolution The nature of the popular movement Geography and the problem of London Loyalism and the silent majority The cohesion of social welfare Religion The strength of the state The authority of the law The forces of order Conclusion Appendix: Wheat and bread prices, 1790-1850 Select bibliography Index

Anti-Alienism and the Primrose League: The Externalization of the Postwar Crisis in Great Britain 1918-32

Anti-alienism has frequently been the dark underside of organized patriotic movements in twentieth-century Britain. Love of nation has all too frequently been accompanied by an abstract fear of foreigners or a concrete dislike of alien immigrants residing in Britain. Numerous patriotic leagues have used xenophobia and the supposed threat posed by aliens to define themselves and their Conservative creed. Aliens symbolized “the other,” which held values antithetical to members of the patriotic leagues. These currents have usually become even more pronounced in times of tension and crisis. From the end of the First World War through the 1920s, Britain suffered an enormous economic, social, and political crisis. British unemployment never fell below one million as traditional industries such as coal, iron and steel, shipbuilding, and textiles declined. Electoral reform in 1918 and 1928 quadrupled the size of the electorate, and the British party system fractured with the Liberals divided and Labour becoming the alternative party of government. Industrial unrest was rampant, culminating in the General Strike of 1926. The example of the Russian Revolution inspired many on the Left and appalled their opponents on the Right, while many British Conservatives felt that fundamental aspects of the existing system of capitalism and parliamentary democracy were under challenge.

Anti-Alienism and the Primrose League: The Externalization of the Postwar Crisis in Great Britain 1918-32

Anti-alienism has frequently been the dark underside of organized patriotic movements in twentieth-century Britain. Love of nation has all too frequently been accompanied by an abstract fear of foreigners or a concrete dislike of alien immigrants residing in Britain. Numerous patriotic leagues have used xenophobia and the supposed threat posed by aliens to define themselves and their Conservative creed. Aliens symbolized “the other,” which held values antithetical to members of the patriotic leagues. These currents have usually become even more pronounced in times of tension and crisis. From the end of the First World War through the 1920s, Britain suffered an enormous economic, social, and political crisis. British unemployment never fell below one million as traditional industries such as coal, iron and steel, shipbuilding, and textiles declined. Electoral reform in 1918 and 1928 quadrupled the size of the electorate, and the British party system fractured with the Liberals divided and Labour becoming the alternative party of government. Industrial unrest was rampant, culminating in the General Strike of 1926. The example of the Russian Revolution inspired many on the Left and appalled their opponents on the Right, while many British Conservatives felt that fundamental aspects of the existing system of capitalism and parliamentary democracy were under challenge.