Post-test Control Group Design Research Articles

The Effect of Audio Visual and Booklet to Increase Behaviour of Screening IVA Test at Sukarasa Public Health Center

Introduction: Women's health is an indicator of health achievement in the world, including in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is a female cancer that causes the most deaths due to cancer, especially in developing countries. Objective: The study aims to analyse the effect of audio-visual and booklet in education to increase behavior of screening IVA test at the Sukarasa Public Health Center Area. Method: This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. Data analysis in this study used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using paired T-test, independent T-test, Mc-Namer, chi-square and multivariate test using multiple logistic regression. Results: The results of this study show that the results of the paired T-test of knowledge have a p-value (p=0.001) in the intervention and the control (p=0.724). In the attitude category, p-value is a (p=0.001) in the intervention and the control (p=0.469) so it can be concluded that there are differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention. In the practice category using the Mc-Nemar test produced a p-value (p=0.001) in the intervention and control so that there were differences in practice before and after intervention. The results of the independent T-Test showed a p-value for knowledge (p=0.001) and attitude (p=0.001), which means there were differences after the intervention. The results of knowledge and attitudes the chi-square test show (p=0.001), which means there is a relationship between knowledge with practice, and attitude with practice. Multivariate test on knowledge of occupational confounders. In attitude there is a confounder of education, while in practice there are confounders, namely age and education. Conclusion: Audio visual and booklet can increase behaviour of screening IVA Test at the Sukarasa Community Health Center, Bandung City.

Teacher support in AI-assisted exams: an experimental study to inspect the effects on demotivation, anxiety management in exams, L2 learning experience, and academic success

Although AI technologies show great promise for education, their inclusion into assessment systems has generated debates regarding student motivation, anxiety, learning opportunities, and academic results. This study explored the influence of teacher support in AI-assisted exams on L2 learners’ demotivation, anxiety, L2 learning experience, and academic success. Conducted at a large university in Ethiopia, participants included 92 BA Management students from two intact classes, equally distributed by gender and ranging in age from 18 to 23. The two intact classes were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design, the study administered an Oxford Quick Placement Test, the Academic Motivation Scale, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the L2 Learning Experience Scale, and a researcher-made test to assess academic success. The AI tools integrated into the exams included automated assessment and feedback systems to enhance learner engagement. Chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests revealed significant positive effects of teacher support on reducing demotivation and anxiety, enhancing L2 learning experiences, and improving academic success in the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the benefits of combining AI tools with teacher support. These findings suggest that teacher support in AI-assisted exams can substantially benefit L2 learners. Additionally, the findings indicate that AI-assisted exams can considerably improve learning outcomes when paired with effective teacher involvement, highlighting implications for various stakeholders in L2 instruction. Implications of the study, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Powtoon pada Materi Sel Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Pesantren Guppi Samata

This research covers the application of PowToon learning media to improve student learning outcomes in Cell material. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the use of PowToon learning media on the learning outcomes of students in the material of Cell XI MA MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School. This study included a pseudo-experiment using a non-equivalent pretest posttest control group design. The population in this study is all students of class XI MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School consisting of 2 classes. The sampling technique in this study is by using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument is in the form of a learning outcome test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that students who were taught using PowToon learning media had an average learning outcome of 87.36, while students who were taught using Conventional learning media (Biology Package books) had an average learning outcome of 71.3. The results of inferential statistical analysis obtained a sign value for learning outcomes of 0.000, this value shows that sign < α = 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the application of PowToon learning media has an effect on the learning outcomes of students in the Class XI Cell material of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School.

Health promoting lifestyle in educational setting: an intervention study in the universities

The "health promoting universities" strategy has gained popularity and a presence in the higher education system, particularly in universities. It is imperative for higher education establishments to prioritize the promotion of health within their student body and academic community. By safeguarding and boosting students' wellbeing, a strategy centered on encouraging healthy lifestyles has the potential to boost the university's contribution to health improvement and offer significant value to the community. Universities have the power to improve health promotion through community service and to make policies in this area through research and teaching. In order to investigate student behavior in relation to the standard aspects of the healthpromoting lifestyle profile, this project will undertake an intervention study involving 150 students with the goal of promoting a healthy lifestyle. A pretest and post-test control group design was employed in this investigation. The health-promoting lifestyle standard profile II questionnaire was the research instrument, and descriptive statistics and inference were employed for analysis at the .05 significant level. The outcomes demonstrated a noteworthy impact on the implemented measures. This study's findings indicated that interventions in learning environments successfully raised student behavior linked to a healthy lifestyle and its components.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract Combination in Reducing VCAM-1 Levels in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis occurs when plaque accumulates and hardens within the arterial walls, leading to blood vessel blockages and increasing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The extracts of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contain flavonoids that possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to assess the effects of the combined extract of butterfly pea and roselle (EKTR) on atherosclerosis biomarkers such as Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules-1 (VCAM-1), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). The research employed a True Experimental Laboratory approach using a Post-Test Control Group Design. The subjects were 36 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L.), randomly divided into six groups through a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were collected on the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6 in the serum of obese white rats, measured using an ELISA photometer. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 18, with statistical evaluation performed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. The results showed that increasing doses of EKTR led to significant reductions in atherosclerosis biomarkers such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6 compared to the positive control and other groups. At a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, group F3 recorded IL-6 levels of 30.49 ± 1.60 ng/mL, VCAM-1 level of 29.42 ± 2.58 ng/mL, and ICAM-1 levels of 28.42 ± 1.72 ng/mL. In conclusion, butterfly pea and roselle, rich in flavonoids with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are effective as traditional remedies for reducing atherosclerosis biomarkers and for preventing and treating coronary heart disease (CHD) at an optimal dose of 500 mg/kg BW.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Langsung Berbasis Praktikum terhadap Sikap Ilmiah Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Gangga

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of a direct, practicum-based learning model on the scientific attitudes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga, North Lombok Regency. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga, with the research sample consisting of two classes, namely class VII A with 28 students as the experimental class and class VII B with 28 students as the control class taken using random sampling techniques. Based on the research results, it is known that both classes experienced an increase in scientific attitudes. The percentage of scientific attitudes of the experimental class and control class was 74.51% and 67.65% respectively, increasing to 86.27% and 72.55%. The results of this research indicate that there is an influence of the practical-based direct learning model on the scientific attitudes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga.

Evaluation of the application of the ACEP cycle to student writing learning outcome

The modification of the ACEP cycle is a pedagogical strategy consisting of four components: (A) Activities. (C) Classroom discussion. (E) Exercises. (P) Performance. The application of ACEP cycle modifications is used as a strategy to improve writing skills. This is the primary focus to consider in improving writing skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how effective the process of learning writing skills was by applying ACEP cycle modifications. This study used a mixed-methods approach. At the qualitative stage, an explanatory description design strategy is applied to collect comprehensive and in-depth information about the learning model applied by the teacher in the classroom. A pre- and post-test control group design is used in the quantitative stage. The average score of students using the ACEP cycle modification was 82.64, higher than that of students who studied under the demonstration learning model which was 80.03. This finding is reinforced by the result of the significance coefficient = 0.006 < 0.05 so H0 is rejected. Thus, there is a difference in average student learning outcomes between the modification of the ACEP cycle and the demonstration learning model. ACEP cycle modification has practical implications for writing skills. First, it can easily identify the initial condition of students' writing skills. Second, ACEP cycle modification allows teachers to better understand how students build an understanding of writing concepts. Third, students can actively participate in the learning process and fourth, teachers can observe the construction stage and measure student progress more accurately.

The Effect of Mindfulness and Spiritual Combination Breathing Exercises towards Anxiety, Depression and Blood Pressure of Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background: Ischemic stroke causes serious ongoing problems in the lives of sufferers, including biological, psychological and spiritual changes so that comprehensive and multidisciplinary nursing care is necessary. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Mindfulness and Spiritual Combination Breathing Exercises towards anxiety, depression and blood pressure of ischemic stroke patients. Methods: This research is a quantitative research that uses a quasy experimental research design with a pretest - posttest control group design approach. The population of all ischemic stroke patients at RSAU dr. M.Munir Lanud Abdulrachman Saleh Malang as many as 108 people. The sample size is 50 respondents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The intervention group was given a combination of Mindfulness and SpiritualityBreathing Exerciseswithin 10-15 minutes 2 times a day for 5 days and the control group was given intervention according to hospital standards. Analysis used the Manova test with a significant p value <0.05. Results: The results of the study using the Manova test showed that there was a significant effect between anxiety, depression and blood pressure after giving the Combination of Spiritual Mindfulness and Breathing Exercise sshowed that p value = 0.000, with the highest partial Eta Squared value of 0.643 anxiety followed by 0.579 depression and 0.263 blood pressure. Conclusion: A combination of Spiritual Mindfulness and Breathing Exercises effectively reduce the level of anxiety, depression and blood pressure of ischemic stroke patients.

Stabilizing Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 DM Patients by Providing Benson Relaxation Therapy Combined with Dhikr Based on Self-Care Orem

Background: People with diabetes mellitus experience hyperglycemia, the higher the likelihood of complications if do not get the right treatment immediately. In addition, people with diabetes mellitus are prone to stress because the disease is difficult to cure and patients must take medications every day. Therefore, proper management is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of self-care orem-based dhikr combination benson relaxation therapy on blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Ujungpangkah Gresik Health Center Working Area. Method: This type of research uses Quasy Experiment with Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The sample in this study was 46 respondents, which were divided into 2 groups, namely 23 respondents for the control group and 23 respondents for the intervention group. The independent variable of this study was benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr, while the dependent variable was blood sugar levels. The data were analyzed using paired T-Test and Independent T-test tests on blood sugar level variables with kemaknaan α=0,05. Results: The results of the independent t-test on the variable of blood sugar levels with a significant level of 0.000 < α = 0.05, showed that there was an effect of the administration of benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr on blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr has an effect on blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the future, it is hoped that health workers can increase the provision of information and education evenly to health service places.

Penerapan Teori Behavioristik Classical Conditioning Oleh I.P Pavlov dalam Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted in response to a number of difficulties faced as well as the low level of interest in learning from grade 5 elementary school students in the context of science learning. This study focuses on the science learning ability of grade 5 students in elementary schools in response to the results of PISA 2018, Indonesian Education Report Card Data, and AKM Scores which show the low level of students' science literacy skills. Using the Nonequivalent Pretest Posttest Control Group design, experimental research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the application of Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory by I.P Pavlov in science learning. Class V students were divided into experimental and control groups with the Cluster Random Sampling Technique. The test method was used to collect science learning ability data, and the data analysis used the Polled Variance T test due to homogeneous data variance. The results showed a significant difference in science learning ability between the group that applied the Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory and the control group. The implications of this research provide a solid foundation for designing effective learning strategies in the future, focusing on curriculum development and learning approaches that can enhance students' understanding and interest in learning. As an effort to improve the quality of science learning in elementary schools, this research provides significant conceptual and applicative contributions.

Anti-inflammatory effectiveness of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth in rats induced with periodontitis

BackgroundPeriodontitis, marked by deep periodontal pocket depth (PPD), facilitates bacterial colonization and inflammation, necessitating adjunctive therapies. Although 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash is effective, its side effects have led to the search for alternative treatments. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, known as Pepper Elder, is a traditional medicinal plant with potential as an adjunctive herbal therapy for periodontitis. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Peperomia pellucida extract in rats with induced periodontitis. MethodsA post-test control group design was used in this laboratory experimental study. Four groups of Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus rats were utilized: a Pristine group (without periodontitis), a negative control group (induced periodontitis only), a positive control group (induced periodontitis and administered 0.2 % CHX), and an experimental group (induced periodontitis and administered 2.5 μL of Pepper Elder extract). Each treatment group received daily administration for one week. PPD measurements were taken on days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Blood serum was collected on day 7 for ELISA to measure IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-13 levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc LSD and Mann-Whitney test. ResultsThe extract-treated rats showed a decrease in PPD, with significant differences between the extract group and the negative control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α levels in the extract group differed significantly from the negative control group (p < 0.05) but not from the Pristine and positive control groups. IL-1β levels differed significantly only from the negative control group. IL-10 levels were significantly different from both the Pristine and negative control groups, while IL-13 levels differed significantly only from the negative control group. ConclusionPeperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in rats with induced periodontitis.

Enhancing Critical Reasoning Character in Pancasila Students: A STEAM Approach by E-Module PRISMA

This study aimed to assess the Prisma e-module's impact on elementary school students' critical reasoning abilities. A pre-experimental Pretest Posttest Control Group Design was employed. Two groups—experimental and control—received different treatments. The experimental group used e-modules, while the control group relied on books. Pre- and post-treatment tests were conducted to evaluate the e-module's effect. An Independent Sample t-test was used to compare the two groups, with results showing a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. The N-Gain test measured improvements in various critical reasoning elements. The experimental group showed significant improvement, with the highest N-Gain of 0.74 in "obtaining and processing information and ideas" and the lowest of 0.71 in "reflecting and evaluating one's thoughts." The overall N-Gain was 0.72, classified as "high." These findings indicate that the Prisma e-module effectively enhanced critical reasoning in fifth-grade students. Future research is encouraged to explore other aspects of Pancasila students' character development

Is AI-assisted assessment liable to evaluate young learners? Parents support, teacher support, immunity, and resilience are in focus in testing vocabulary learning

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted assessment on young L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge, immunity, and resilience, considering parental and teacher support roles. Sixty junior high school students in Afghanistan, aged 13 to 14, participated in the study. They were divided into an experimental group receiving AI-assisted assessment and a control group with traditional instruction. The research employed a pretest–posttest control group design, using teacher-made vocabulary tests validated for reliability and instruments measuring immunity and resilience. The findings revealed that AI-assisted assessment significantly improved vocabulary knowledge and emotional resilience compared to the control group. While parental support showed a positive trend toward vocabulary enhancement, teacher support did not significantly impact the outcomes. The study highlights the potential of AI in language education, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among educators, parents, materials developers, syllabus designers, and policymakers to maximize the benefits of AI tools. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced technologies into educational frameworks to support cognitive and emotional development in learners.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Assemblr Edu terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas V

Problem-solving skills are essential competencies that need to be developed in elementary school students. The application of innovative learning models, such as Problem-Based Learning supported by interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu, can be an effective solution for enhancing these skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Assemblr Edu media on the problem-solving abilities of fifth-grade students. The research method used is an experimental method with a Pre-test Post-test Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The results of the study showed that the use of the PBL model supported by Assemblr Edu significantly improved students' problem-solving abilities compared to conventional learning methods. This can be seen from the significant difference in the N-Gain scores, with the experimental class reaching 0.7 (moderate category) and the control class only 0.2 (low category). These findings suggest that interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu can be an effective tool in enhancing students' critical and analytical thinking skills.

Effect of Warm Water Footbath Therapy on Fatigue Among Patients undergoing Hemodialysis

Chronic renal failure is a complex crippling condition influencing more than 70 million individuals around the world. Chronic Kidney disease has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. Hemodialysis is essential to prolong the life in patients with Stage 5 renal failure. Fatigue is the most common complication which is being faced by patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. There are many uses of complementary therapies like hydrotherapy to reduce fatigue and it is becoming a significant part of modern day health care with millions taking treatment each year. The present study was intended to assess the effect of warm water foot bath therapy on fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The main objectives of the study were to assess the level of fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis, evaluate the effect of warm water foot bath therapy on level of fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis, find out the association between level of fatigue and selected socio demographic variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis, find out the association between level of fatigue and clinical variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was adopted. Samples were selected using purposive sampling and they consisted of 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 30 in experimental and 30 in control group from dialysis department of Ananthapuri hospitals and research institute, Thiruvananthapuram. A structured interview schedule was used to assess socio-demographic and clinical variables, Piper Fatigue Scale was used to assess the fatigue among patients undergoing hemoialyis. A pre-test was given to both experimental and control group using Piper Fatigue Scale. Followed by pre-test warm water foot bath therapy was given to experimental group for 3 consecutive dialysis. Post-test was done on 3rd day of intervention for both the groups using same tool. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the post-test score of fatigue between experimental and control group. There was a significant association between level of fatigue and physical activity, blood pressure, duration of renal failure (p&lt;0.05). The study concluded that warm water foot bath therapy was effective in reducing fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Breaking the cycle of poor critical reading comprehension: A strategy-based intervention

Critical reading comprehension is a crucial skill for lifelong learning, but many learners struggle with effectively extracting meaning from texts. This study aimed to address this issue by investigating how a strategy-based instruction intervention could impact learners’ critical reading comprehension competence. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test control group design. The participants were 155 Grade 9 English first additional language (FAL) learners from two high schools in Gauteng, South Africa. The intervention programme was based on Bloom’s taxonomy categories for learning, teaching and assessing, modified into six strategies: (1) knowledge (pre-reading), (2) comprehension (extracting meaning), (3) application (asking questions), (4) analysis (reflection), (5) evaluation (outlining key concepts and decision-making) and (6) synthesis (summarising). Using a two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) paired sample t-tests, the study found that while both groups’ critical reading comprehension competence increased, the experimental group that received the strategy-based instruction intervention performed significantly better in the post-test, showing a significant improvement compared to the control group. The findings demonstrated that providing clear explanations, instruction and support on reading strategies can enhance learners’ critical reading comprehension, highlighting the mutual reliance between teaching and learning. The teacher’s instructional approach in guiding learners to effectively use reading strategies is crucial for enhancing critical reading comprehension in the English FAL classroom. In conclusion, the results suggest that the intervention effectively enhanced critical reading comprehension competence, and if implemented by teachers, it could potentially help break the cycle of poor critical reading comprehension among English FAL learners.Contribution: The contribution of this study lies in its provision of empirically supported perspectives and insights into the effectiveness of strategy-based instruction interventions. It emphasises the necessity of employing explicit reading comprehension pedagogies and targeted interventions, along with explicit instructional strategies, to address the reading comprehension challenges encountered by English FAL learners in South Africa and beyond.

The Effect Of Using Kahoot Media On Chemistry Material On Student Interest And Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using kahoot media on chemistry material on interest and learning outcomes. This study used a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a pretest and posttest control group design research design. The study population was class X IPA learners consisting of 5 classes totalling 154 people and the sample in the study of class X IPA totalling 30 people as an experimental class and 30 people as a control class. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and questions. The research shows that there are differences in learning outcomes before and after treatment. Before the t-test was carried out, the normality and homogeneity tests were first carried out and the data was found to be normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing using the t-test with a significance value of 0.000 means that the sig value &lt;0.05. So that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of Kahoot users as learning media on learning interest and learning outcomes of learners in chemistry material and there is a correlation between interest and learning outcomes in chemistry subjects.

THE EFFECT OF THE ABA (APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS) METHOD ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND EFFICACY OF TOOTHBRUSHING IN AUTICAL CHILDREN

The dental and oral health of autistic children is generally not good. This is exacerbated by the inability to brush teeth properly, due to disruption of the child's concentration and interaction, making it difficult to receive instructions on how to brush teeth. Dental and oral health problems in autistic children are the same as dental health problems in normal children. The difference is the behavior that autistic children display where they are unable to follow instructions or are uncooperative. Objective: To determine the effect of dental health education using the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) method on the knowledge and efficacy of toothbrushing in autistic children. Method: The type of research design is quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest non-equivalent control group design utilizing intervention and control groups with a purposive sampling technique totaling 15 intervention groups and 15 control groups. The instrument used for this research was a questionnaire to assess the knowledge and efficacy of brushing teeth in children with autism. Results: There was an influence and increase in knowledge and efficacy of toothbrushing in both groups with a value of (P&lt;0.05), however the increase was higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: There is an influence of dental health education using the ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) method on the knowledge and efficacy of toothbrushing in autistic children

Gratitude Interventions: Can They Improve Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction tends to be low among civil servants at the Sanggau Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency, indicating the need for effective psychological intervention. One form of intervention carried out is gratitude training. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of gratitude training in increasing job satisfaction for civil servants in the BKPSDM Sanggau Regency. The type of research is experimental with the design used is pretest and posttest control group design. The research was conducted on civil servants at the Sanggau Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency with 35 subjects. Data was obtained by filling in the job satisfaction scale before and after gratitude training. The data analysis technique uses the N-Gain Score. The results of the hypothesis test show that there is a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction before and after gratitude training. The average job satisfaction score before training is 119.3, while after training, it increased to 162.5. By using the difference index (N Gain Score), an increase of 70.5064% is recorded. These findings indicate that gratitude training is effective in increasing civil servant job satisfaction in BKPSDM Sanggau Regency.

Concept mapping and students’ attitudes towards biology: Analysis of school location differences and attitude toward concept maps

Many secondary school students, especially those in rural settings do not view favorably biology subject. The predominant use of the teacher-centered approach is mostly cited as the determinant. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of Concept Mapping (CM) mapping on students’ attitudes based on school location and how students experienced the CM. The study used a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of 305 students from lower secondary schools. Data were collected using Biology Attitude and Attitude toward Concept Mapping Questionnaires and were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and Independent t-student test. The findings showed that the CM is more effective in fostering students' attitudes toward biology than the conventional methods of instruction. Students' attitudes towards biology when taught using the CM did not significantly differ between those in rural and urban areas. Students showed a positive attitude towards using CM as a learning tool regardless of school location. To enhance student attitudes toward biology, schools should integrate Concept Mapping (CM) into the curriculum and provide professional development for teachers to effectively implement this method. Resources and support should be allocated, especially to rural areas, to ensure equitable access to CM tools. Gathering and responding to student feedback will help refine the approach, while continuous assessment will track its effectiveness. Encouraging collaborative learning with CM can further engage students and improve their overall learning experience in biology and other science-related courses.