Postmodern Research Articles

Postmodern Ethics, Premodern Farce

Postmodern Ethics, Premodern Farce

A Professional Standards for the Future Palestinian Teacher: Problems and Challenges in the Practices

Despite the scientific and informational progress that has occurred recently in teaching methods and teaching aids, and the severe criticism campaigns against the teacher in recent years as a result of the negative behaviors of some irresponsible teachers, the day will not come when the educational process will dispense with the teacher, his position and his roles, but what kind of teachers we need at this time. Concern for professional standards and academic accreditation for teachers does not mean just the existence of a set of standards set by accreditation and development bodies. Rather, we see the need to rethink the concept of outputs and just consider it a process for measuring individuals’ performance. Rather, it goes beyond that to move to transformative learning and get out of the cycle of stagnation in the world of outputs. The use of standards to form a stable teacher, but rather to find the teacher who is the interlocutor, the facilitator for the learning of his students. In light of this, the idea of ​​this paper came to examine the following aspects: (1) The requirements of the educational system in the post-modern era, (2) Justifications for paying attention to the professional standards of teachers, (3) The most important professional standards for teachers to ensure the quality of education, and (4) Reviewing the first criterion for accreditation and professional development committees and bodies related to the faculty’s ability and efficiency to prepare the teacher. To achieve this purpose, the researcher used the fundamentalist approach based on analysis and interpretation, and clarified the importance of applying the professional standards of the teacher that the colleges of preparation must maintain and market them culturally before starting the implementation process.

Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine's Play “into the Woods”: A Postmodernist Study

Postmodernism is an intellectual movement that embraces meaningless and fragmentation. The concept of scepticism will be its dominant feature. Scepticism means to challenge and to question the fixed view of certain beliefs. Sondheim's Into the Woods (1986) is a musical play that consists of traditional famous fairy tales. Sondheim deconstructs and challenges these traditional fairy tales in order to be appropriate for postmodern age. Definitely the fairy tales are marvellous stories that have a simple structure but at the same times it reflects the ideological and the cultural elements of the society. Two tales in Into the Woods; Cinderella and Jack and the Beanstalk, will be studied according to postmodern strategies and techniques such as intertextuality, deconstruction theory and fragmentation to scepticise the cultural and ideological elements that exist under the simple structure of these traditional tales.

Неомодерн vs ретроспективний недомодерн у битві за просвітництво

The article is devoted to the understanding of the war waged by russia against Ukraine in the context of enlightenment projections of post(non/pre)modern. The article reveals a nihilistic orientation towards (self)destruction of the simu­lacrum of the russian empire, which was formed in the situation of post(non/pre) modernity, which created a certain fork between the (post)modern perspective and the retrospective fall into premodern barbarism. From this point of view, the war against Ukraine unleashed by the putin regime is seen as a clash between the (post)modern perspective chosen by Ukraine and the retrospective of the barbar­ic (post)non-/pre-modern imperialism that russia has chosen. It is emphasized that (post(under))modern trajectories of development, and in particular war, re­veal certain failures of the modern/enlightenment project, which took place in the compatibility of three mediations: monetary/market, discursive/communicative, sexual/erotic. russian authorities and propaganda demonstrate the pre-modern rejection of these mediations, deny the referentiality of language and communica­tive discourse, devalue market freedom and sexual freedoms, and destroy any dis­tinction. Thus, the destructive barbarism that manifests itself in russian aggres­sion is the embodiment of the retrospective nature of the impulse non/pre, whose negative logic tends to Nothing. Thus, it is a post(non/pre)modern incarnation of archaism in (schizo)fascism, characterized by internal divisions and the practice of external division, fueled by the movement of return / repetition. It is noted that the choice of civilization requires not only resistance to any manifestations of (non/pre)modern barbarism, but also requires the actualization of neomod­ern. Focused mainly on high-quality consumption and spectacles Western civili­zation should recognize the need to defend itself with the help of an army/force against the threat of its destruction by barbarians and assert itself not through the constant narrowing of its own borders, but through their radical opening, not through the constant postponement of decisions, but through immediate accep­tance of the challenge to its being.

Memory as resistance: A study on the literary importance of new forms of representation in confronting and commemorating the experiences of genocide

In light of a new generation of individuals discounting the genocides—the Holocaust being one of many—the need to remember the atrocities, the need to hand over the responsibility of the memory of the atrocities, has become increasingly pressing. The transfer of memories to a generation which has not experienced the trauma of genocide is vital to prevent the watering down of experience to a myth, and most importantly, to work towards the prevention of a repeat of the genocide. The first part of the paper discusses the original ways of approaching the field of genocide studies, the genre of Historical Realism being predominant. The next part of the paper focuses on selected texts— Ezhathu Kavithaigal, Shyam Selvadurai’s Funny Boy, Art Spiegelman’s Maus etc. to respond to the criticisms against postmodern approaches and the deviation in the way genocides have been recorded. The field of genocide studies has, in recent years, been on the receiving end of new approaches to further the understanding of the events that have transpired. Texts emerging in the postmodern era are a welcome difference from the monolithic approach to this field of studies. New forms of art and literature have taken on the responsibility to transfer the memory and experience of genocides, becoming the channels of resistance against misrepresentation of trauma. The third and final part focuses on the components from the above-mentioned selected texts that enable dialogue between the reader and the text, commemorating past trauma and paving the way to human rights discussions.

Поэтика и эстетика творчества Ш. Бодлера и его коммуникация сквозь века с писателями- постмодернистами XXI века Ф. Бегбедером и Б. Вербером

The article deals with the main features of poetics and aesthetics of Ch. Baudelaire's work, entering into communication with modern postmodernist writers through the centuries. These principles of cultural dialogue, poetics and aesthetics include dualism, supernaturalism, the principle of playing with the reader, escapism to the imaginary country of Icaria, oneiric and thanatological motifs, the peculiar chronotope of the city. The worldview principles of the work include romantic pessimism, sleepwalking, dandyism and escapism.
 Contemporary French postmodernist writers B. Werber and F. Beigbeder are followers of the poetic heritage of Charles Baudelaire. In his novels one can find quotations from Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil, the author enters into a communicative dialogue with the French poet, some fragments of them even serve as epigraphs to his works. Werber's novel "The Sixth Dream" also contains direct references to the poetry of Baudelaire. 
 In B. Werber's Thanatonauts presents the themes of death, sleep and escapism in the compositional form of the journeys of the Thanatonaut scientists into the "space" of death. The theory of supernaturalism is embodied in the cycles of novels "About Angels" and "About the Gods", where the man appears as a decider of the fate of planets with an alternate reality. His colourful postmodern neo-mythological novels weave together different forms of art: painting, architecture and music. 
 In the works of F. Beigbeder widely represented the image of modern cynical urban dandy. The protagonist of his novels "99 Francs" and "Ideal", "The Man Who Cried Laughing", "Stories on Ecstasy" is a product of a consumer society era of postmodernism. He is carefree, cruel and amoral. His craving for escapism into a dream world is expressed in his infatuation with illegal substances.
 The work of Werber and Beigbeder encapsulates the dualistic principle of Baudelaire, Werber's characters strive for spiritual perfection, while Beigbeder's characters engage in carnal pleasures and self-destruction. Werber and Beigbeder are the successors and heirs of Baudelaire's poetics, expressed in sensual aestheticism, numerous allusions, eclecticism, supernaturalism, an interest in the afterlife and the poetics of sleep.

The Phenomenon of Security Within the Socio-Psychological Knowledge in the Era of Postmodernism

The relevance of the study of the socio-psychological phenomenon of personal security in the era of post-modernism is due to the real problems of today's society, which at the present stage of state development are characterized by acute interrelationships between the requirements of social security as a factor of socio-political and national security and the real state of mental existence. associated with indicators of social well-being of the individual. The aim of the article is to prove that the concept of anxiety is a characteristic of social society in the era of postmodernism, preceding the need for security; to give a generalized concept of security in the era of postmodernism as a set of attributes; to identify indicators of psychological security as a complex polyfunctional phenomenon in the era of postmodernism. The article indicates that the choice of specific aspects of human security and the perspective of their consideration depend on the system in which man is included, such as the system "man - nature", "man - production", "man - technology", as well as social systems “man - man "," man - society "," man - state ". Three factors that determine human safety are specified: the human factor, the environmental factor and the security factor; and physical and psychological means of protection against dangerous situations.

Training Future Primary School Teachers for Purposes of the New Ukrainian School in the Postmodern Era

The crisis of the outdated education system in Ukraine has led to radical changes at all levels. One of such vital changes in 2016 was the New Ukrainian School reform introduced by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. It relies on critical theories of the postmodern philosophy of education. They are as follows: toleration of difference, rejection of stereotypes and child-centeredness; transformation of teacher’s authority and roles; individualization of the educational process. Importantly, the New Ukrainian School reform has been launched in primary school as a fundamental part of the whole education system. In this regard, it is crucial to train primary school teachers of the new generation who will be able to implement the ideas of the New Ukrainian School. Consequently, it is extremely essential to update the system of corresponding training in higher education institutions in Ukraine. Therefore, the article aims to justify how future primary school teachers are trained for purposes of the New Ukrainian School in the postmodern era.

Mega-Essay as an Integrated Format in Modern Literature

The article introduces the concept of mega-essay as an integrated format into literary circulation in the era of postmodernism. Its specificity is outlined in other forms of ensemble association of essay works: mega-essay as an integrated formation is a consolidated format, it differs from other forms of essay compilations (collection, cycle) with greater completeness, more thorough basis of design. It has a closed structure, because all its structural components (sections, subsections, framework elements constituting the whole book) are interconnected. They are closely related to the author's intention, outlined in the preface or introduction, concluded on the basis of causal and associative principles. Based on the analyzed works of Ortega y Gasset, O. Zabuzhko’s «Notre Dame dʼUkraine», N. Zborovska’s «My Lesia Ukrainka», etc. conclusions are made about specific features of the mega-essays, in which the phenomenon chosen for comprehension (culture, epoch, turning point of history) is described in detail by incorporating internal and external contexts, authoritative references, other works, and if necessary, with the dominance of the essayistic method of presentation of opinions, related to the personal views of the author. Emphasis is placed on the affinity of ideas and selected essay formats of Ortega y Gasset and O. Zabuzhko, given their content and structural organization. Conclusions are made about the role and significance of essays of this format in postmodern European literature.

Renewing the Speech of Lawyers in the Postmodern Society

The article considers the issue of legal discourse evolution in the context of today’s civilization informatization in the postmodern era and intercultural dialogue which determines the understanding of fundamental judicial notions relative to the consciousness of an individual as a subject of legal and economic operations, as well as an implementer of social-economic and cultural rights. Given that the Internet environment in the 21st century is characterized by hypertextual discourse, this raises the matter of differentiation between objective and axiological scientific knowledge contributing to a deeper understanding of the universe. The principles of further research in different scientific fields (humanitarian, natural, social, technical, physical and mathematical sciences) in the context of their social and socialization role in the information society are perceived as the coevolutionary basis of the informational civilization. Also noteworthy is the functional structural analysis of terms’ extraction from the symbolization of the language system, the prospective analysis of legal terms’ functioning, the study of their formal and semantic structure, the classification of legal sublanguage terms and the adjustment, unification and standardization of the term-based system.

Training of Future Teachers of Physical Education in the Field of Ecological Tourism

The article summarizes the theoretical and methodological knowledge about ecotourism as one of the viable types of tourism in the postmodern era, clarifies the patterns of its formation and development, a variety of approaches to its interpretation, interaction with other types of tourism, features of motivation and management in ecotourism. On the basis of the generalized data a number of perspective educational conditions is modeled: the orientation of the maintenance of pedagogical education on formation of steady positive motivation; updating the content of professional training; availability of educational and methodical support; interrelation of competence, system and personal-activity approaches. Diagnostic methods relevant for postmodern education are selected: methods of diagnosing students' learning motivation; methods of diagnosis of value orientations in career; tests to determine the levels of formation of the components of professional competence. It is proved that the professional training of teachers who are able to use ecological tourism in their professional activities at a high level is one of the important conditions for increasing the interest of children and young people in physical education, tourism and sports, ensuring the necessary physical activity, developing, maintaining and strengthening their health, adaptation to the flexible postmodern society.

Psycholinguistic Aspects of Youth Speech. Consequences and Realities of Postmodernism in Ukraine

The article describes the postmodern features of Ukrainian language education and psycholinguistic term system, which is important for understanding the direction of optimizing the language situation among young people. Then, after careful selection and multimodal analysis, the authors cite about 30 key features of youth speech in the late postmodern era. The urgency of the topic is determined by postmodernist trends that are still observed in Ukraine, as well as their specific impact on youth speech. The authors used a body of fragments of living youth discourse 2018 - 2020, as well as relevant methods of analysis: psycholinguistic, semantic, culturological, pragmatic (establishing practical motives for the use of language units); the method of establishing correlations between cultural, social and speech phenomena, as well as the method of generalization. The authors came to an important generalization: contemporary youth uses their speech in such a way that it can be decoded differently only in the current discourse - among other carriers of postmodern linguistic consciousness. And this is also a manifestation of the general game, performance and even the way of existence of the individual in a real or hyperreal society that is constantly communicating.

Academic Athena?: ‘Writing In’ Africa In Management And Organization Science

Given the increasing globalization of management and organization science (MOS), it has been suggested that scholarly communities examine the contributions of their contexts to the discipline. Accordingly, the contributions from Africa to MOS across the pre-modern, modern, and post-modern eras are examined using generative theory. Evidence from historical, philosophical, anthropological, and sociological sources demonstrates that significant contributions to MOS have originated from Africa. Even so, those contributions have not been acknowledged especially in the post-modern era, due to the “writing out” of Africa. Several implications for the research and the pedagogy concerning MOS and Africa are considered given the current trend of decolonization.

Defining the relationship between the evolutions of the museum institution and the nationalism discourse in the modern and postmodern era

Defining the relationship between the evolutions of the museum institution and the nationalism discourse in the modern and postmodern era

Лингвопрагматические особенности современного художественного нарратива на материале рассказа “Scène” А. Роба-Грийе

The study aims to identify the changes that have occurred in the literary narrative driven by the postmodern era. The paper explores the notion of “the narrative”, the classical approach to its definition, determines the specificity of the literary narrative, provides a scheme of its construction. The study is novel in that it identifies the pragmatic potential of the impact that the new type of the literary narrative with a number of specific features has on the reader in connection with a new concept of perception and construction of the text developed under the influence of postmodern and cinema theorists. As a result of the study conducted using the work “Scène” by the classic and “new type of writing” creator Alain Robbe-Grillet as an example, such pragmatic features of the modern literary narrative as the cinematic nature, openness of the text, the author’s cooperation with the reader are demonstrated at the linguistic level.

Contemporary Eucharistic Theologies : Beyond the Western Mainline or Affected Interpretations

This research is regarding three theologians who began to argue different voices from the traditional eucharistic interpretation based on an ontological foundation. Christian churches have tried to interpret the words of eucharistic institution by Jesus Christ, "This is my body... This is my blood." through the lens of various methodologies. Since the bread and wine in the eucharistic rite do not change into the real body and blood of Christ, chemically and biologically, the issue of transforming the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ has been understood as symbolic change, not real change but the change of significance, or real accidental change of the elements. The interpretation of eucharistic change had been the primary theological concern in Christian churches since the medieval era. Not only Roman Catholicism but many Protestant traditions had been tried to explain this issue based on the existential understanding of Christ. Alexander Schmemann, Edward Schillebeeckx, and Louis-Marie Chauvet are regarded as the outstanding theological figures who oppose the onto-theological eucharistic change in traditional eucharistic theology. Researching these theologians' academic efforts, I have a chance to arrive at a strong conviction regarding the eucharistic theology for the postmodern era. Eucharist is not the rite for receiving the changed elements that signify the body of Christ, but rather it is the rite for encountering and experiencing God's existential way (love) and for allowing the participants of the rite to perform their ethical responsibilities toward the world.

求放心과 신체적 현존

This study attempts to resolve the context of the proposal by relating the suggestion of the essence of studying Confucianism, presented as “saving the lost heart & mind,”(求放心) with “turning around and save from yourself”(anti-求諸己). In this process, we will reinterpret it through the predicate of Somatics, a study of integrating mind and body that is emerging in the modern world. Through this, I think that the meaning of ‘turning around and save from yourself’, which was mainly regarded as a mental activity of self-reflection, can be revealed more concretely and clearly in connection with the living body (soma).
 In addition, this study intends to rediscover the body that everyone has as a resource for mental and physical integration, and propose it as a philosophical methodology that informs the way back to our own body. It is not an exaggeration to say that our time is the age of the body. The body, which was treated as a hindrance to understanding the truth, quickly emerged as a topic in the spotlight as it encountered the postmodern era. However, it is commodity logic in the era of capitalism that is leading the way in the return of the body, and the body shown to others is being regarded as important.
 In this regard, the question we must ask is 'are we really in touch with the body that has thus far been lost?' If not, what we need is a way to find a way back to our own body. The process of finding that way requires a logic of mind-body integration in which the body and mind are integrated, not another oppressive dichotomy that overturns the oppressive dichotomy that emphasizes the superiority of the body. This is the focal intention of this study by linking Somatics with ‘saving the lost heart & mind.’

Postclassical Rationality of Law in the Era of Postmodernity

The paper provides for debatable issues of rationality as a general philosophical category and as a legal concept. The author argues for the transition in philosophy and science from classical rationality to postclassical. Classical rationality is based on the presumption of the knowability of the world and the possibility of its transformation in accordance with the reasonable goals of the progressive development of mankind. However, the 20th century demonstrated the limitations of the human mind, unpredictability of the consequences of applying scientific rationality. Hence, the paradox of classical rationality follows: its growth, associated (or manifested) with the development of technology and technology, turns into an increased risk in all spheres of life. Post-classical rationality (post-non-classical, according to V. S. Stepin’s terminology) not only postulates the limitations of our knowledge about an opaque and stochastic world where uncertainty reigns, but also it assumes the involvement of a person socialized in the corresponding culture in the process of cognition (more broadly, perception, nomination, classification and categorization of the world and its development), its historical, valuebased and socio-cultural contextuality. The most developed and elaborated variant of postclassical rationality is the communicative contextuality which, however, is not devoid of problematic issues. According to the author, postclassical rationality of law is dialogical and it includes a transcendent aspect — ensuring the normal reproduction of humanity -- and an immanent one — the legitimacy of the accepted norms of law also in the process of their reproduction. Postclassical rationality of the law norms construction is expressed in the struggle of the main social groups for the right to determine the significance (including legal) of various social problems. The rationality of the implementation of the norms of law is problematized by the paradox of «following the rule» elaboarted by by L. Wittgenstein that never contains the entirety of the prescriptions of its — rule — implementation. The author believes that in order to resolve the problems of rationality of law it is necessary to reconsider classical rationality of law as a postclassical rationality, rather than to reject this category and principle of law.

One size doesn’t fit all educational assessment in a multicultural and intercultural world

ABSTRACT A pronounced development of the 21st century is the technological revolution, which is leading to a global world that creates more multicultural, intercultural, and diverse communities. These developments influence our lives in various ways, one of which relates to education. Educational systems are facing complicated challenges, as they need to align education to the postmodern era while adjusting pedagogical concepts and methods to the multicultural diversity of learners. The article aims to explore these challenges, specifically addressing multicultural educational assessment. We question the prevalent concept of assessment - assessment of learning, vs. assessment for learning or assessment as learning. The former uses assessment as a measurement tool, aiming to benefit decision-making, accountability, control, and supervision, and stems from economic and political considerations. This assessment does not consider the developments of recent decades, which have created a more global, multicultural world where the assumption that ‘one size fits all’ does not work. Furthermore, when this wrong assumption comes to students’ assessment it can have devastating consequences for individuals and groups. We discuss the need to change the educational assessment paradigm, adapt it to a multicultural world, the challenges of doing so, and potential ways to cope with these challenges.

The Substantive Entity and Conceptual Ontology of the Object of Social Science Research and the Future of Anthropology

In this dialogue, Cai Hua and Maurice Godelier ask whether there has been a change in the research entity. This question concerns the representation of the “world of the other” and its impact on the intellectual world since the advent of postmodernism. Cai Hua states that when he was an overseas student in France in the 1980s, he could not see any traces of colonization. The postmodern movement is simply a kind of emotional catharsis and cannot be called “scientific research” in a rigorous sense. As a scientist, if your position is neutral, you cannot see the other in a dichotomous way; the other is simply what you research, and you are not part of the other.