Postmodern Feminist Research Articles

CORAK FEMINISME POST-MODERNIS DALAM PENAFSIRAN FAQIHUDDIN ABDUL KODIR

The debate about the interpretation of the Qur'an which is considered gender biased, continues to develop with diverse arguments. Women are considered as the aggrieved party in this negotiation. Women are considered as the second sex (second sex) and become subordinate men. As a result, women are the object of oppression for men. In the context of this debate, Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir came with a new argument in approaching religious texts that were considered gender biased. He introduced the method of qira> ’ah mubadalah to create a balanced relationship between men and women. Therefore, this study would like to explain the products produced by Faqihuddin with this method and find the patterns of feminist thought in several developing feminist theories. To achieve this goal, this study uses the structural exegesis method as an analysis tool to find the influence of interpretation of the text with the interpreter's experience in the context that surrounds it. The method used by Faqihuddin to release women from the shackles of men with the muba method is by placing women in the position of men in verse narration, so that there is a reciprocal relationship. From the form of interpretation conducted by Faqihuddin, this study found that the reconstruction of the meaning that was carried out was basically driven by an effort to release the order of symbols in the text which was understood only in its literal form. This reflects the way that is usually done by post-modern feminists who mock each term that indicates the subordination of women to men.

Feminist methodology between theory and praxis

AbstractThe article revisits the problematic relationship between feminist theory and praxis through the writings of Marysia Zalewski, one of the foremost feminist theorists of IR. Zalewski has dealt with this relationship through her work on methodology. In three sections, the article explores: (a) her engagement with standpoint theory through her interventions in feminist IR debates with ‘the mainstream’; (b) her adoption of feminist postmodernism, embracing a deconstructive posture and in particular the notion of ‘hauntings’ as a methodological device; and (c) the development of a distinctive methodological attitude that seeks to involve, rather than explain or instruct. Crucially, for Zalewski, theory and praxis/politics cannot be separated methodologically: languages of mastery and an attitude of ‘doing something’ are of one cloth. The paper ends with a reflection about how L. H. M. Ling's method of ‘chatting’ could be enacted in engagements that cross the social fields of academia and policy.

ПОСТМОДЕРН, СЕКСУАЛЬНОСТІ ТА КУЛЬТУРА: ФЕМІНІСТСЬКІ ТЕКСТИ І ГЕНДЕРНІ POP` - ІКОНИ ( Рецензія на книгу Gaga Feminism. Sex, Gender, and The End of Normal. J. Jack Halberstam. Boston : Beacon Press, 2013. 157 p.)

Lady Gaga as a postmodern cultural icon manipulating with images and symbols has created in her “performances” a kind of new “post”-postmodern feminism, in which she followed the line of feminine anarchists – in politics, arts and culture. “Gaga ideology”, which in fact “embraces a void”, nowadays is vividly presented across alternative forms of popular culture with the subsequent great impact on the generation of millennials.

Literary Autobiography and Subject Formation: A Comparative Study of Mona Enamouri’s A Chat upon Thames and Elif Shafak’s Black Mil

The two novels, Mona Enamouri’s A Chat Upon Thames (2014) and Elif Shafak’s Black Milk (2007), are autobiographical writings that depict the process of self-representation revealing a postmodern feminist interest in subject formation. Enamouri, on one hand, reflects on the self between places and voices revealing a construction of awareness and self-definition in reaction to external experiences. Shafak, on the other, interweaves a number of questions on female body and identity within the contextual struggle of patriarchical society and intrinsic emotional-personality struggles. Pregnancy and post-partum depression are discussed in line with questions of what it means to have a family, construct a book and determine self-worth. Negotiating a range of feminist thematic preoccupations with voice, spaces, and body the two novels unravel the critical function of feminist autobiographies in constructing the self from “discordant” voices through a dynamic process of self-representation through creation.

A Feminist Reading of Anderson's Speak

Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak (1999) is her first landmark work addressing a social problem—rape—that is all too common to girls entering adolescence in the United States. This paper employs a feminist approach that presents the painful narrative of the rape victim and investigates the novel’s promotion of individual, resistant action within the oppressive social structure, achieved through what the postmodernist feminist Judith Butler calls “gender performativity”. It is this individual agency or subjectivity that enables the protagonist in Speak to overcome the adverse effects of rape, which is the product of a patriarchal system that regards females the second sex, to borrow the term by the French, feminist thinker Simone de Beauvoir. As such, Speak functions as a site of discursive resistance against such a patriarchal system by resisting some of the popularly held myths that discredit rape victims' narratives.

Animales, teorías feministas posmodernas y prácticas artísticas.

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo algunas teorías feministas posmodernas como el ecofeminismo y el posthumanismo, de autoras como Françoise d'Eaubonne, Alicia Puleo, Donna Haraway o Rosi Baridotti han contribuido a la crítica contra las prácticas androcéntricas basadas en el dominio sistémico de devastación y explotación del otro/a/os, perpetuando la jerarquía y autoridad del hombre. Frente a ello estas autoras han propuesto un nuevo modelo de relación orgánica y de convivencia entre cultura y naturaleza, capaz de superar los modelos binarios, inspirado en el respeto a la diversidad de sexos y especies.Estos principios se hayan, así mismo, en las prácticas artísticas de algunas autoras como Bonnie Ora Sherk, Olga Diego o María Llopis. Prácticas que transitan por la performance, la instalación o el Movimiento Auténtico.

Mythmaking as a feminist strategy: Rosi Braidotti’s political myth

This article makes visible some of the premises that underlie Rosi Braidotti’s use of (political) myth. Focusing on some well-known characteristics of postmodernity, as well as the development of a new philosophy of subjectivity, I account for the divergence between Simone de Beauvoir, who thought of myth as a severe hindrance to the subject-becoming of women, and postmodern feminists, such as Donna Haraway and Braidotti, who represent a more affirmative stance. Through pinning down both similarities and differences between Haraway and Braidotti, I demonstrate that postmodern feminists might still promote mythmaking for dissimilar reasons. I argue that Braidotti, in contrast to Haraway, approaches myth from a horizon partly shaped by an anti-rationalist or ‘demonic’ philosophical tradition, whose chief representative is Friedrich Nietzsche. By studying the argument delivered by the latter in defence of myth, I extract a conceptual distinction between the ‘Apolline’ and the ‘Dionysiac’ aspects of mythmaking, by which it becomes possible to further qualify Braidotti’s philosophy of political myth.

MUSLIM WOMAN GOES ON-LINE: AN EXPRESSION OF SUBJECTIVITY

Purpose: In this research, I explore feminist activism in online space by group of Muslim women. Having tried to deconstruct the media construction of Muslim women, Muslim Women against Femon (MWAF) Facebook page offers Muslim women to express their freedom in embracing Islam as part of the belief embedded in their identities. Methodology: This paper is using virtual ethnography in compiling data. My participation in this page was started on 8 April 2013, and I already observed the page since then. I limit my observation until 1st of September 2013, since the practical issue related to the time that I have to do this paper. I observe all the postings, comments, and pictures. The data collected will be coded and then categorized to answer the research questions Result: From the research, I find that two main issues that are being discussed on this page to express their subjectivity: celebration of subjectivity and the interpretation of covered and uncovered bodies. This paper is expected to enrich the perspective of multiculturalism. It is also expected to be one of the sources of an understanding of a culture in multicultural society. Applications: In this page groups of women deliberately resist the stigma about the veiled as oppressed and backward. This research will see this feminist activism from the feminist post modern’s point of view, which questions about the concept of freedom and reconceptualise subjectivity. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the subject-subject model in the conditions of mixed learning is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

“Violations as Profound as Any Rape”

In the last few years, literary representations of sexed violence (sometimes known as “gender violence”) have been increasingly scrutinized. Such scrutiny has made some aspects in the work of Stephen R. Donaldson, who frequently employs rape as a theme, disquieting. This article attempts a critical intervention on Donaldson’s behalf. First, I situate Donaldson vis-à-vis his engagement with second wave radical feminism, particularly in terms of reinterpreting rape as a matter of power. Then I pose a number of postmodern feminist challenges to Donaldson’s two major epics, The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant the Unbeliever and the Gap sequence. Ultimately, I find that his core existential humanism nonetheless produces some valuable insights into the men who commit acts of sexed violence.

A Study on the Formative Characteristic of Post-Modern Feminism Makeup

The purpose of this study is to examine postmodern feminism and how it affects makeup through fashion magazine. For this, among the postmodern feminist makeup photos for the past 8 years from F/W 2008-9 to F/W 2015 fashion collections, a total of 12 works from INBEAUTY were analyzed. Consequently, makeup under the influence of postmodern feminism has displayed the features of bisexuality and deconstructivism. Covering a face using snow-white makeup or hiding a masculine or feminine image by applying a new image to the face has become the mainstream. For eyebrows, various styles such as lines, curves, zigzags and none at all were freely expressed. For eye-lining as well, diverse lines including semicircular lines and dark, bold black lines were applied. For lips, a wide variety of shapes such as a heart, excessive outcurves and atypical forms were expressed. In terms of color, white and black were used to obscure sexual determination. For texture, non-glossy and dull styles were adopted for the skin and lips.

The Laugh of the Medusa and the Ticks of Postmodern Feminism: Helen Cixous and the Poetics of Desire

This paper aims to explore Helen Cixous’ postmodernist trends in her formulations of a new form of writing known as ecriture feminine. The paper attempts to validate the view that Cixous’ “The Laugh of the Medusa” is regarded as the manifesto of postmodern feminism. This is done by attempting a critical discourse analysis of Cixous' narrative of ecriture feminine. Deploying a multifaceted-framework, ranging from postmodernism to psychoanalysis through poststructuralist theory and semiotics, the study reveals Cixous' metamorphosing and diversified trend of feminist writing that transposes the subversion of patriarchy into a rather bio-textual feminism, known as bisexuality. The paper highlights the significance of Cixous’ essay as a benchmark of postmodern feminism.

EVE, THE EXISTING ABJECT (Postmodern Feminist Study toward the Story of Adam and Eve in Bible)

<p>The search for human creation story is very interesting to discuss if it is viewed with a different perspective from mainstream story. The story of human creation is commonly called the story of Adam and Eve. Often, the story we hear is implicated in the marginalization of woman through Eve because she was created from Adam’s ribs, and she was the cause of Adam’s sin by eating fruit which was forbidden by God. The story is confirmed in the Bible so that it can give rise to biased interpretations. This study will offer another perspective in reading the stories of Adam and Eve written in the scriptures from Genesis 2 and 3. The postmodern feminist theory will be employed in rereading the figure of Eve in the Bible. The idea of this theory is that Liyan as a way to exist. Hence, the figure of Eve is attributed to the figure of Liyan who has the ability to exist. Analysis of this Eve figure will be focused on Julia Kristeva’s view of the abject concept. Eventually, the concept of abject and Liyan stated in the postmodern feminist converged on the view that exclusion or non-existence is not entirely oppression which lead to the weakness figure. This is very closely related to the figure of Eve in the Bible so that the attribution in this study will lead to how Eve is seen as an existing abject.<strong> </strong>The result of this study reveals that Eve cannot be seen simply by focusing on her weaknesses by failing to maintain a commitment not to violate God’s rules. Yet, her negligence becomes an opening for knowledge. Eve’s negligence has manifested the world we currently live in as well. Holy books should be read with a variety of more egalitarian and unbiased perspectives so that gender justice can be realized without the pretext of religion as a barrier.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Locating Savitribai Phule’s Feminism in the Trajectory of Global Feminist Thought

Initially, the feminist thought was based on Humanist approach, that is, the sameness or essentialist approach of feminism. But recently, gender and feminism have evolved as complicated terms and gender identification as a complicated phenomenon. This is due to the identification of multiple intersectionalities around gender, gender relations and power hierarchies. There are intersections based on age, caste, class, abilities, ethnicity, race, sexuality and other societal divisions. Apart from these societal intersections, intersection can also be sought in the theory of feminism like historical materialist feminisms, postcolonial and anti-racist feminisms, liberal feminism, radical feminisms, sexual difference feminisms, postmodern feminisms, queer feminisms, cyber feminisms, post-human feminisms and most recent choice feminisms and so on. Furthermore, In India, there have been assertions for Dalit/Dalit bahujan/ abrahmini/ Phule-Ambedkarite feminisms. Gender theorists have evolved different approaches to study gender. In addition to the distinction between a biosocial and a strong social constructionist approach, distinctions have been made between essentialist and constructionist approaches. The above theories and approaches present differential understandings of intersections between discourse, embodiment and materiality, and sex and gender. The present article will endeavour to bring out the salient points in the feminist ideology of Savitribai Phule as a crusader for gender justice and will try to locate her feminist ideology in the overall trajectory of global feminist thought. The article suggests that Savitibai’s feminism shows characteristics of all the three waves of feminism.

AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM IN SYLVIA PLATH’S POEMS (THE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GENERAL MEANING, DETAILED MEANING AND INTENTION)

This research is aimed to know meaning and Feminism in Sylvia Plath’s Poems. The objectives of this research were to find out the general meaning and detailed meaning and to find out kinds of feminism in poems. This research used qualitative descriptive method using content analysis as the research method. This research used reading and taking note as collecting the data, and technique of analysis data in this research are reading the whole poems, interpreting poems, and making the conclusion. The data source of this research were taken from Sylvia Plath’s poems, they are; Daddy, Lady Lazarus, and Last word. The result of this research were findings showed that there were 64 data contained, 59 data in general meaning and detailed meaning in poems and there were 5 data in kinds of feminism in poems. This research concluded the kinds of feminism, they are Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Psychoanalytic Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Socialist Feminism, Multicultural Feminism, Eco feminism, and Postmodern feminism, this research also concluded the kinds of feminism in the poems, they are; poem Daddy (Radical feminism, Marxist feminism, Socialist feminism), poem Lady Lazarus (Marxist feminism), poem Last word (Marxist feminism).

Body Fluids and Fluid Bodies: Trans-Corporeal Connections in Contemporary German Narratives of Illness

Medicine uses body fluids for the construction of medical knowledge in the laboratory and at the same time considers them as potentially infectious or dirty. In this model, bodies are in constant need of hygienic discipline if they are to adhere to the ideal of the closed and clean organism without leakage of fluids. In contrast, psychoanalytical feminist body theory by Julia Kristeva (1982), Elisabeth Grosz (1989) and Margrit Shildrick (1999) has deconstructed the abject body and its fluids in Western culture and medicine. While postmodern feminism has often focused on discourses about bodies and illness to the neglect of their materiality, more recently, material feminism has drawn particular attention to lived material bodies with fluid boundaries and evolving corporeal practices (Alaimo and Hekman 2007). Stacy Alaimo has developed a model of the trans-corporeal body that is connected with the environment through fluid boundaries and exchanges (2010, 2012). Influenced by these trends in feminist body theory, illness narratives, often based on autobiographical experiences of female patients or their caregivers, have increased in recent decades in the West (Lorde 1980; Mairs 1996; Stefan 2007; Schmidt 2009; Hustvedt 2010). Such narratives often describe explicitly the material and affective aspects of intimate bodily experiences. In this article, I analyze two German quest narratives of illness: Charlotte Roche’s pop novel Feuchtgebiete (2008) and Detlev Buck’s German-Cambodian film Same Same But Different (2010) that is based on the memoir Wohin Du auch gehst by German journalist Benjamin Prüfer (2007). In both narratives, the protagonists and their partners struggle in their search for love and identity with illness or injury in relation to body fluids, including hemorrhoids and HIV. I argue that Feuchtgebiete and Same Same But Different not only critique medical and cultural discourses on body (fluids) and sexuality but also foreground a feminist trans-corporeal concept of the body and of body fluids that is open to fluid identities and material connections with the (global) environment. At the same time, the conventional and sentimental ending of these quest narratives undermines the possibilities of the trans-corporeal body and its fluid exchanges.

Narratives of Doctorally Prepared Nursing Faculty on Tenure Track: A Pilot Study.

The process of transitioning to academia as a new faculty on tenure-track is complex. During a global nursing shortage and the rising number of nursing faculty needed, careful attention must be given to the consideration of retaining nursing faculty. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the experiences of DNP and PhD prepared faculty on tenure-track in academia through narrative stories. A qualitative narrative design was used to explore doctorally prepared nursing faculty experiences with tenure-track. Viewed through the lens of postmodern feminism, 19 participants shared stories related to being a professional in academia striving for tenure status. Five themes of PhD and DNP faculty experiences on tenure-track were found: These themes existed under an umbrella storied pattern of needfulness. The interpreted themes included: (1) the ability to develop meaningful partnerships, (2) a necessity to balance responsibilities, (3) Destructive criticism is real, (4) I have value in academia, and (5) multifaceted coaching to produce achievement. The needs among faculty on tenure-track in nursing are similar, despite the achievement of a DNP or PhD. This emphasizes the necessity of uniformity related to appreciation and utilization of faculty, regardless of terminal degree.

Postmodern Feminism in Nadine Gordimer’s Novel the Pickup: “Who is the enemy? Female self-image mirrored in non-conformity”

Abstract: This paper will concentrate on showing how Postmodern Feminism is employed in Nadine Gordimer’s novel The Pickup; in an attempt to clarify how this particular use of Postmodern Feminism gave the characters in the book equal representation between male and female, exposing that both are human with prior backgrounds that affect both their actions and their reactions. They aren’t opposites nor are they alike, but each one compliments the other, and together they formulate and present Postmodern Feminism. The attitude of the main female depicted character (Julie) is no longer governed by society and man, she does not judge anyone and does not want to be judged; actions belong only to her stemming mainly from a human need to be free of judgments and constraints of social or mental mounds. As well the male depicted character (Abdu) is not portrayed as the dominating male, nor is he the ignorant Arab/ eastern man, he is also facing the contradictions and the hypocrisy of the society, and he has dreams and wants to catch them.

КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ И ДЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ГЕНДЕРА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ГУМАНИТАРНОМ ЗНАНИИ

The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of the concept of gender in social knowledge and the humanities. The term «gender» encompasses biological (sexual), psychological, social, cultural, symbolic aspects of human life. Even before the introduction of this term into scientific publications in the 1960s, the phenomenon itself was discovered in three types of knowledge: in psychology and psychiatry when studying various forms of sexuality and sexual identity, in anthropological and ethnographic studies, and in the feminist philosophy of culture. This largely determined the main directions in the study and understanding of gender for several decades. The theory of socio-cultural construction of gender played the main role. It developed in parallel with other critical and constructivist scientific concepts, which in no small part led to its adoption by «academics» and the inclusion of the gender perspective in the body of scientific research. However, along with the development of postmodern feminist philosophy, the concept of gender undergoes redefinition. The constructivist model of gender is displaced by the performative concept of Judith Butler. She argues that not only gender but the biological sex does not exist outside the cultural framework and power discourse. The binary matrix of gender, gender identity and heterosexuality is approved within the framework of the dominant discourse with the help of various regulatory actions (performatives). Butler rejects this model because she claims that bodies, sex and gender identity have different configurations. The performative concept of sex was actively used in the queer project, as it provided justification for rejecting the normative binary concept of femininity and masculinity and the corresponding heterosexuality. Today, queer includes political movement, research, art, and discursive deconstruction of normative heterosexuality. The variant of mosaic nature, hybridity and relativism of identity proposed in the queer project destroys the possibility of social and political transformations in the sphere of gender equality. Instead, queer activists advocate an elusive equality of opportunity to try on different identities at one’s own discretion. At the present stage, the theoretical radicalism of queer makes the development of new social programs unlikely, while they appear to be necessary. In contrast, gender theory (in its feminist, constructivist, and cultural-symbolic modes) has had a significant scientific and social impact. The use of the gender perspective in social knowledge and the humanities has provided better understanding of the individual and society. The principle of achieving gender equality has been accepted by the world community and has become part of many programs at the international and national levels. However, the problems in the understanding of the relation between sex and gender, discovered in performative and queer theory, become significant against a background of spreading biotechnologies (from sex reassignment surgeries to assisted reproduction). This requires wider research and further discussion among different schools.

La noción de performatividad de género para el análisis del discurso fílmico*

Resumen La noción de performatividad de género, desarrollada principalmente por Judith Butler y adoptada por varias teóricas feministas posmodernas, se ha convertido en últimas fechas en una especie de "muletilla". A partir del análisis de la película Rashômon , de Akira Kurosawa (1950), este documento tiene el objetivo de debatir la performatividad como una herramienta conceptual de enorme poder analítico en cuatro planos: 1) la discursividad, 2) la identidad; 3) la contextualidad, 4) la materialidad. Ponemos el acento en el vínculo entre performatividad y performance, para dilucidar su vigencia y delinear los límites de su aplicación en los estudios feministas de género.

Dekonstruksi Femininitas dalam Novel-novel Karya Eka Kurniawan: Dari Pekerjaan Sampai Kecantikan

One of the stereotypes of gender is femininity in which it is closely related to women. Femininity with passive characteristic is constructed to limit their moves. In Eka Kurniawan’s novels, the femininity is unstable. It brings an assumption that he is conducting the femininity deconstruction. This research is aimed to find out and to explain the femininity deconstruction in Eka Kurniawan’s novels. Three Eka Kurniawan’s novels were chosen as the data source of this research, they were Cantik Itu Luka, Lelaki Harimau, and Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas. This research used critical discourse analysis method with post-modern feminism approach. There are seven forms of femininity deconstructions in Eka Kurniawan’s novels such as feminine jobs, feminine images, feminine habits, feminine symbols, feminine principles, feminine desire, and beauty. Femininity deconstruction shows that femininity has strengths and weaknesses. Femininity is conveyed and practiced either by men and women characters in his novels. Through femininity deconstruction, Eka Kurniawan draws images of how femininity is being deconstructed and how the characters in his novels questioning, rejecting, and or making use of femininity.