Postgraduate Management Programs Research Articles

Noble Chemical Agency – managing working capital in troubling times

Learning outcomes The primary objectives of the case study are to get the participants exposed to the issues of working capital which even profitable companies face on a day-to-day basis; give the participants an understanding of how to balance the, at times, conflicting objectives of increasing profits and sales through favorable credit terms; and expose them to the impact of increase in inventory levels and average collection period on margins in a period of slow growth. They will also learn about the concept of factoring and its uses. Case overview/synopsis The case study is about a group of companies engaged in education, steel fabrication and oil businesses owned by a single proprietor. The company was based in Fatehnagar which was part of Hyderabad district in the state of Telangana, India, and the case study traces the origins of the group from 1960s to 2021. The group was invested the surplus cash flows from the oil business to initiate and expand other businesses during this period. The economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic had hit the company, particularly its oldest business – Noble Chemical Agency. The oil business was facing issues related to its growth and profitability, and the uncertainty around COVID-19-related restrictions had only augmented the fears of the management. The case study looks at issues and the dilemma which the owner of the company faced. The case study highlights various issues related to working capital management, especially related to receivables management and inventory levels faced by businesses during the slow-growth phase. It demonstrates how working capital management issues, if not resolved in time, can lead to insolvency of even a successful company with a sound business model. Complexity academic level The case study is meant for teaching in postgraduate management programs (Master of Business Administration and Postgraduate Diploma in Management) in the following courses: corporate finance/financial management course in the first year (the case study should be taught towards the end of the course); and management accounting courses in first year (the case study should be positioned in the middle of these courses). The case study can also be used to highlight issues related to working capital and small business management in a Management Development Programme (MDP) course for “Finance fundamentals for non-finance executives”. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and finance.

Interrelation of practices and strategic routines in the performance of university research

Purpose: This study sheds light on the relationship between two perspectives, the strategy-as-practice (SAP) approach and the dynamic aspect of routines. We seek to understand how the interrelationship between practices and routines reflect on university corporate results. Methodology: We conducted a case study in a postgraduate program in management at a not-for-profit university focusing on university research activities. 42 interviews were carried out, 19 observations were made in formal and informal social events and institutional documents were collected from the program and from the governmental body that regulates stricto sensu postgraduate studies in Brazil. Originality: The existing research suggests the approximation of these perspectives – SAP and dynamic routines – and the need to integrate them to deepen the understanding of the strategic phenomenon. Main Results: Our results indicate that program strategies are aligned with regulatory and funding bodies and multiple practices and routines relate to and complement the range of research performance outcomes. Academic training, previous experiences and specific skills influence the behavior of actors, while tools and interactions play crucial roles in conducting research, shaping approaches and results, essential in academic research. Theoretical contributions: The article contributes through understandings about the existence of different interdependent and complementary relationships in the strategic process of a postgraduate program that condition the behavior of the actors involved and the research performance achieved.

Chef Junction: serving food from home to home

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this case study are as follows: It presents an opportunity for the instructors to introduce the concept of decision-making on matters involving risk (like scaling the business) using in-depth market research techniques. The case’s central idea is to make the students understand the growth of the online service delivery model, with a specific example of home-cooked food that also improves social welfare. It is expected to provide the participants with an opportunity to understand the decision-making by the leaders in newly established companies. It enables future managers to analyze a venture’s pros and cons before deciding to expand. Case overview/synopsis Chef Junction is an online food delivery platform that allows customers to order hygienic home-cooked food prepared by handpicked home chefs in Bhubaneswar. This city in eastern India is one of the fastest-growing metros, is regarded as a study hub, and provides ample employment opportunities making it one of the sought-after destinations for the migrant youth population. The idea behind Chef Junction is to cater to the healthy food needs of the young by utilizing the culinary productivity of the home cooks, empowering the latter by opening up an extra source of income. These chefs prepare delicious healthy food, usually not listed for sale with online food delivery apps. Chef Junction earned revenues by adding an order-dependent commission on the price quoted by chefs and accepting a flat delivery charge from the customers. This offer was very lucrative for home chefs who could join the platform with zero investment and flexible working hours. The customer’s pockets were also handled when several offers and discounts were rolled out through an attractive pricing strategy. Chef Junction expected to improve its patrons’ health quotient by ensuring the nutrition of the home-cooked food, thus contributing to social welfare. With food being delivered from home to home amalgamated with social welfare and empowerment of home chefs, especially women, this case study is an apt example of a sustainable work-from-home model that has proved effective in crisis times. The pertinent question is: “How feasibly can CJ’s business model grow towards an expansion as the demand increases?” Complexity academic level This case study has been prepared keeping in mind the teaching pedagogy for graduate and postgraduate management programs in strategic management, operations research, entrepreneurship and marketing management. It is also expected to be useful for training courses such as management development programs, faculty development programs and executive programs, in discussing service operations in general and online delivery logistics, in particular for working executives and industry practitioners. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Lakhpati Kisan programme: boosting the income of marginal farmers through women empowerment

Learning outcomes This case will help students to analyse and develop insights into the concepts of servant leadership; to analyse and develop insights into women’s empowerment and a process to achieve such empowerment; and to explore the social business models for scaling up. Case overview/synopsis The Lakhpati Kisan programme under the aegis of Tata Trusts focussed on empowering women marginal farmers in the tribal belts in India to significantly increase their income from 2015. Ganesh Neelam, Executive Director, Collectives for Integrated Livelihood Initiatives (CInI), a nodal agency of Tata Trusts, advocated various livelihood options in agriculture, livestock, non-timber forest resources and water conversation. Initially, CInI faced the challenge of getting the farmers to sign up for the programme due to lack of trust. CInI facilitators educated the farmers about the purpose of the initiative and the benefits they would accrue and built trust. CInI created awareness through knowledge-sharing sessions on best practices in agriculture. They formed self-help groups of farmers for decision-making and for easy access to capital. CInI established farmer producer organisations (FPOs) to bring in a business perspective among farmers. The farmers as Board members and executives ran the FPOs like commercial organisations. CInI built capabilities to create a sustainable and autonomous ecosystem that looked impressive. But still the programme was falling short of the desired target. The farmers were so far reluctant to move forward independently. Ganesh felt that the social business model that CInI had evolved needed a re-look to achieve a significant and lasting impact on the majority of the marginal farmers in India. Complexity academic level The case can be used in the organisation behaviour, human resource management courses and courses on social enterprises as part of the MBA or post-graduate management programme or in executive education programmes. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Goa Institute of Management: campus water sustainability projects

Learning outcomes ▪ Students learn how an educational institute impacts water resources on the campus and its surrounding community. ▪ Students acquire knowledge on how decision-making, related to natural resources, is influenced by the institute’s obligations towards surrounding communities and the long-term sustainability of the resources. ▪ Students become acquainted with the decision-making process adopted by an educational institute for achieving resource-efficient development on the campus. ▪ Students learn how to design evaluation methods for investments related to water conservation at an educational institute. ▪ Students become proficient with the payback method specifically when evaluating water-enhancing projects at an educational campus. Case overview/synopsis Dr Ajit Parulekar, Director at Goa Institute of Management (GIM), Goa, India, was evaluating options to improve the sources of water at GIM at the beginning of 2021. He was reviewing the projects proposed to meet the water requirement at the campus for the next five years (2021–2025). The projects were recommended by consultants (ENV Consultants Pvt Ltd) who proposed a total expenditure of US$68,667 which involved storage enhancement and water table upgradation (See Case Exhibit 11). The maintenance department had studied the plans but their projections showed that the execution of these projects and initiatives would still lead to a deficit of water in the future. Dr Parulekar reviewed the reports and weighed the expected tangible and intangible benefits from the proposed projects. The projects had to be carefully selected, keeping in mind the multiple objectives to be met: an increase in water supply within a short time, a financially optimum investment and a minimum impact on the surrounding community. The selected projects had to meet the long-term sustainability objective of resource efficiency at the campus. Complexity academic level Students studying finance, project appraisal, campus sustainability at graduate or postgraduate management programs. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 4: Environmental Management.

Agilidade na Ciência da Informação:um relato de ensino de métodos ágeis para o profissional da informação

The challenges of project management involve the reconstitution of technological resources and the abilitiesin data for the development of products and information services. This article presents a teaching reportof a discipline about agilemethods in the context of Information Science. With a quantitative and qualitative approach, through observation techniques and documentary research, thecoursehas been offered in the postgraduate Program in Management & KnowledgeOrganization, at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the second semester of 2022and 2023. For measuring the results was considered academicperformance and an optionalform fillingwithout identification. As results, we highlight the artifacts developed for the coursewith a theoretical and apractical approach, the filling of the vacancies, thestudents’motivation and interaction and the appropriation of Scrum, through a final project at the end of the course.

Contributions of action research and use of active methodological approaches for the construction of a discipline in management

PurposeThe study aims to investigate how the action research contributes to the collective construction of a discipline in management. This issue was the motivation for the present study, which was developed from the experience of master's degree students attending the post-graduate program in management of an institution in the State of Bahia, Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe overall objective of this study is to understand the method's effectiveness for this aim, whereas the specific objectives are to identify the commitment of the subjects in the activities proposed and to assess the effectiveness of the use of active methods in the discipline construction. The theoretical background is regarding digital education transformation, active teaching methods and action research. As for the qualitative perspective, the methodological approach of choice was that of participant observation (for data collection) and content analysis.FindingsIt was possible to highlight the awakening of critical sense and the effectiveness of action research in enhancing the protagonism of the master's degree students in the construction of their own knowledge.Originality/valueThis study not only contributes to the field of applied social sciences but also opens a precedent for the experience of collective construction of a discipline in another area of knowledge by means of action research. Another factor demonstrating the relevance of this study is the production of essays and articles by master's degree students in which active methodologies were related to themes of interest.

InterGlobe Aviation Ltd.: need for strategy

Learning outcomes Discussion of the case will enable the students to: ● use “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats” analysis. ● Use “pros and cons” analysis. ● Explain what constitutes an effective strategy. ● Analyze the quality of the strategy for IndiGo Airlines (IA). ● Explain sustained competitive advantage through value, rareness, imitability and organization framework. Case overview/synopsis This case describes a situation in which InterGlobe Aviation Ltd. (IGAL) has been experiencing multiple engine snags because of the faulty Pratt and Whitney engines. In a span of two years between June 2018 and January 2020, IGAL faced around 22 snags. IGAL is known to be one of the safest airlines in the world, the engine issue has tainted its reputation. In October 2019, in just one week IA faced four-engine snags, forcing the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to come out with a guideline in November 2019. The faulty engines were to be replaced by January 31, 2020. If IA failed to complete the task by the given deadline then IA would have to ground around 70–80 aircraft. IA was way behind the deadline when on January 13, 2020, they received an email from DGCA mentioning an extension of the deadline to May 31, 2020. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to take into consideration the data given for IA and make assumptions and resolve the dilemma through which Ronojoy Dutta (Dutta), the Chief executive officer if IA is going through. Complexity academic level The case engages the participants in deciding a suitable course of action for IA to develop a strategy and is ideal to teach elements of strategy. The case can be used in the following courses/programs: ● A strategy formulation module in strategic management program or post-graduate program in management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Networking infrastructure decision at Well-Known Institute of Management

Well-Known Institute of Management is situated in New Delhi, India, and offers a 2-year fully residential post-graduate program in Management (MBA) and a doctoral-level program. While the permanent and fully residential campus of the institute with state-of-the-art facilities is under construction (expected to be completed by June 2024), the institute is currently functioning from a rented transit campus. With the increase in intake in July 2020 and subsequently in 2021, the total number of students in the campus is going to increase from 240 to 400. Two buildings are hired on rent which is 1 km away from the transit campus. The IT team of the institute is asked to conduct a survey, analyze, and propose a solution to provide networking and Internet facilities for 150 students who are going to reside in the newly hired hostel buildings. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, the networking requirement has changed. Dr Vivek Gupta, Assistant Professor in the area of IT and systems at Well-Known Institute of Management, is heading the IT team of the institute. Puzzled between various options of buying network infrastructure on premise or buying it as a service (infrastructure as a service), Dr Gupta needs to do a thorough analysis before recommending a feasible and plausible solution.

First Capital Bank: The internationalisation of a Malawian bank into a regional player in Southern Africa

Subject area of the teaching case The subject area is international business and strategy. The case allows scope for the following areas: internationalisation, market strategy, emerging market multinational companies, and doing business in Africa. Student level The primary target audience for this teaching case is postgraduate business students such as Master of Business Administration (MBA), or postgraduate management programmes. The case is primarily designed for use in courses that cover strategy or international business. Brief overview of the teaching case This case centres on the international growth strategy of FMBcapital Holdings Group (FMB), the Malawian commercial banking firm. The case finds the founder and current group chairman, Hitesh Anadkat, in 2016, as he and the FMB board are about to decide on the next move in their Southern African strategy. Since opening the first FMB branch in Malawi and becoming the country's first commercial banker in 1995, Anadkat and his team have ridden a wave of financial deregulation across the region to successfully expand into neighbouring Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique. Now, an opportunity to gain a foothold in Zimbabwe means the leaders must decide (1) whether they want to continue to grow the FMB footprint across the region, or focus on their integration and expansion efforts within existing markets; and (2) how they will realise this strategy. Expected learning outcomes International expansion – identifying the need to expand into new markets; identifying the combination of internal strengths and external conditions that make international expansion viable; and identifying and analysing each possible new market(s) and the decision-making process involved. Political, social and economic factors in Africa – understanding how these external institutional factors present constraints, risks and opportunities for internationalisation and hence shape strategy; understanding that these factors may vary significantly across countries on the continent (in spite of their geographic proximity) and in some cases, within a single country; and understanding that by selecting markets with extreme socially and politically volatile contexts, the risk of a worst-case scenario transpiring (in which institutional forces trump business strategy) is appreciable. Combination of resource- and institutional-based approaches – recognising that successful internationalisation requires capitalising upon both internal resources and institutional mastery. Choosing expansion strategies – assessing the type of new market entry (e.g. greenfield or acquisition of existing operations) and its adequacy for penetrating a new market. Using networks and local partners – to substitute and enhance the benefits that originally flow from a small (and sometime family-established) business, with an emphasis on acquisition of skills and networks in foreign countries. Regional integration – optimising business operations through a sharing or pooling of resources and improved capital flow between subsidiaries, in some instances by taking advantage of economies of scale (this extends to enhancing the reputation and awareness of a brand across a wider region). Family businesses – identifying the value that can be gained through establishing a family business with the support of many “close” stakeholders while also noting the limitation that exist as expansion and growth is required.

A QUESTÃO DA MEMÓRIA NO ARQUIVO PESSOAL DE SANTOS DUMONT

O presente trabalho visa discutir as questões em torno da memória, tendo como base o Arquivo Pessoal de Santos Dumont. A intenção é trazer algumas discussões ocorridas em sala de aula, durante a disciplina Arquivo, Memória e Patrimônio, disciplina cursada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Documentos e Arquivos de tendo como base alguns dos textos lidos. O foco será discutir questões relacionadas à memória, a partir do acervo do pai da aviação.

IKEA Inc.: the India way

Learning outcomes Learning outcomes are as follows: to learn about the application of Bartlett and Ghoshal’s model of international strategy; to compare and contrast the global strategy of IKEA in India and China; and to understand how adaptability can create a new competitive advantage in emerging markets. Case overview/synopsis The case study enables discussion about the global strategy of a well-established multi-national company, IKEA in an emerging market. IKEA is a well-established and well-known brand in the international market in furniture retailing. It has decided to make a debut in India in 2017 with its first store in Hyderabad. However, it was yet to open it in 2018. The case emphasizes upon understanding the global strategy of IKEA, positioning itself in the fragmented Indian furniture industry, managing differences in emerging markets and adapting to the local environment of the particular country. The case highlights how adaptability can create a new competitive advantage in managing global strategy in different countries of emerging markets. Complexity academic level This case study is developed for post-graduate management programs as an MBA, Executive MBA and executive development programs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Amazon India’s “Apni Dukaan”: branding strategy

Subject area Brand Management, Branding Strategy, Strategic Management. Study level/applicability The case study is suitable for postgraduate management programs, such as MBA, Executive MBA and executive development programs. Case overview This case study provides a detailed analysis of Amazon India’s branding strategy by way of analyzing popular branding campaigns such as “Try to kar”, “Aur Dikhao”, “Kya Pehnu” and “Apni Dukaan” that enabled the global brand to reach to the masses of Tier-II and Tier-III cities in India. Facing fierce competition from existing market leaders such as Flipkart and Snapdeal, Amazon India strategizes to attract Indian consumers by rightly capturing their behavior in terms of demanding “highest power of options”, “fashion choices”, “originality” and “trust” with its local flavored advertisement campaigns enabling it to create a “trusted, reliable and local” brand identity. With the help of sufficient data and numbers about the industry, company and competitors, the analysis presents a clear picture of the current status of Amazon in the Indian e-commerce space and leaves the readers with food for thought concerning whether this “culture-specific” branding strategy will enable Amazon to become the number one choice for Indian online shoppers in the near future. Expected learning outcomes This case study helps students to understand how global MNCs use unique branding strategies to capture mass-markets in e-commerce business, the role of culture-specific aspects in developing differentiation strategies and the role of local flavors in branding strategies and internationalization. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code: CSS 8: Marketing.

O Impacto da Produção Científica das Ciências Administrativas no Desenvolvimento Local

Este artigo pretende investigar o alinhamento entre a produção científica das ciências administrativas com o desenvolvimento local. Usou-se o método qualitativo pelo meio da análise das respostas dos questionários enviados, por correio eletrônico, aos líderes de grupos de pesquisas cadastrados e certificados pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ). O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a convergência entre a pauta de investigações científicas dos professores credenciados no programa de pósgraduação em Administração (PPGA) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) com o desenvolvimento local. Contudo, seu desfecho traz uma série de questões que necessitam de reflexões mais profícuas e norteadoras.

ALLISCO: pricing multiple joint products

Subjectarea Pricing, Marketing Management, Strategic Marketing, Strategic Management. Studylevel/applicability The case can be used for a Pricing Course and Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management and Strategic Management courses delivered to post-graduate management programme (Master’s level) students and/or for Management Development Programme’s. Caseoverview Alliance Intercontinental Sourcing Company LLP (ALLISCO) manufactured Steel Blanks for clutch plates used in two- and three-wheeler automobiles. Steel Blank plates further underwent a processing phase which included coating with leather cover to form the finished clutch plate. The primary raw material used by ALLISCO for its manufacturing process was sheet metal. The processing of the principal raw material resulted in the production of three joint products. The first joint product was “Steel Blank”, the main product; the second joint product was “Inner Circle”, which may be classified as a by-product; the third joint product was the left-over waste material and could be categorized as sheet scrap. The approximate increase in procurement cost of 8 per cent had considerably impacted the firm’s profit margins. The dilemma that Rishabh Singla, Managing Partner, ALLISCO, now faced was how the increased differential could be distributed systematically among the three joint products. The challenge for ALLISCO was to preserve the percentage of gross profit margins by altering its existing pricing strategy. Expectedlearning outcomes Understand the concept of multiple joint products; learn about choosing appropriate pricing strategies to price multiple joint products; comprehend how value-based pricing can extract untapped profits; and understand the importance of retaining gross profit margins (%). Supplementarymaterials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Royal Enfield motorcycles: reviving the brand

Subject area Marketing. Study level/applicability The case is intended for students pursuing post-graduate program in management and studying courses like marketing, brand management and product management. Case overview This case discusses marketing decisions taken by Royal Enfield Motors Ltd for its popular motorcycle brand Enfield. Starting from the genesis of the brand and the company, this case deliberates the stage when it faced the dilemma of whether to shutdown, sell-off or revive the business. The situation was the outcome of unfavourable environmental forces and inappropriate strategies adopted by the company. This case notes how the company evolved its marketing mix to revive the brand. Expected learning outcomes The case study has been documented with the aim of helping students to: understand the making of an aspirational brand, analyse how a static offer and positioning can become obsolete in a dynamic marketplace, appreciate how pertinent marketing-mix improvements may lead to the revival of a decaying brand and company, learn about the risks associated with entering into a new market segment at the cost of an existing segment, analyse the viability of the business strategy in light of the competition from international players. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Anand Automotive Limited: leadership development process for creating strategic impact

Subject area Leadership development for strategic impact in high growth export driven organization. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for second and final year students of a two year post graduate management programme (Master's level) on the following courses: leadership – on development of organization wide leadership processes; talent management – for identifying, nurturing and retaining talent in an organization and for developing leadership capabilities in managers; and strategic human resources (HR) – regarding building leadership development and talent management initiatives for creating a strategic level impact in the organization and its joint ventures. Case overview In about 45 years since its inception Anand Automotive Limited (AAL) has established itself as one of the premium firms in auto ancillary manufacturing and export. This case demonstrates how AAL built its leadership development programme. Further, the case elaborates on the coach/coachee mentorship programme at AAL. The case further explores the various initiatives under the broad umbrella of the Anand Leadership Development Programme (ALDP). The ALDP process has been woven into the fabric of HR practices of the organization. AAL sales turnover was USD1.2 billion in 2012 and it has a goal to achieve a turnover of USD2 billion by 2015. Mr K.C. Bhullar, the group head HR, had to plan an HR system which will embed leadership in the tapestry of AAL as an organization. The amalgamation of ALDP in AAL has to be disseminated across all levels at the 19 plants spread across different locations in India. The ALDP is expected to sprout a large number of leaders in AAL who can usher in an extremely quality focused and conscious organization. Such leaders would in their day-to-day demonstration of leadership at AAL help AAL to become an excellent manufacturing organization. This would help AAL to have a leadership position in the global automobile market. ALDP is also expected to create a band of leaders who would help the organization from very senior level strategic management positions and play leadership roles in its joint ventures. Expected learning outcomes This case can help students to understand how HR practices integrate leadership development programme for the strategic gains of an organization. Students would also understand the role of mentorship in coach/coachee processes. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Developing Chinese Managers – Reasons for Enrolling on a Postgraduate Management Programme in the UK

This paper examines the reasons why Chinese Managers come to the UK to study a postgraduate management qualification. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 managers from the Guangxi province in China, who were studying a Master of Arts award in Management Studies at the University of Worcester. The research indicates that managers were motivated by increased knowledge of Western management practices, improved business English skills and personal reasons such as travel opportunities and culture experiences. Nonetheless, without financial support from employers, it is doubtful whether these individuals would have committed to study in the UK. The paper concludes by suggesting actions that universities could make in order to maximize the learning experience of Chinese students in the UK.

A NATIONAL ACADEMIC PRODUCTION STUDY ABOUT KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT THROUGH HABERMA´S KNOWLEDGE THEORY

The purpose of this study is to challenge the academic production on Knowledge Management (KM) recently published by the Brazilian academy. A total of 6,096 published articles in the Proceedings of the National Meeting of Postgraduate Management Programs, named ENANPAD, from 1997 to 2007, were compiled. Habermas’ knowledge theory has great relevance for the critical debate on the area of knowledge management (KM) in three types of knowledge: technical, practical and emancipatory. Through the documental research it was possible to identify the absolute predominance of the technical interest as a characteristic of the instrumental reason directed to constant prediction and control in the area of KM. Approximately 75% of these empirical studies did not address the question of power relations and knowledge nor did it address human consciousness emancipation towards a critical reflection of oppressive practices or political and ideological social approaches.

Cultural Values, Plagiarism, and Fairness: When Plagiarism Gets in the Way of Learning

The dramatic increase in the number of overseas students studying in the United Kingdom and other Western countries has required academics to reevaluate many aspects of their own, and their institutions', practices. This article considers differing cultural values among overseas students toward plagiarism and the implications this may have for postgraduate education in a Western context. Based on focus-group interviews, questionnaires, and informal discussions, we report the views of plagiarism among students in 2 postgraduate management programs, both of which had a high constituency of overseas students. We show that plagiarist practices are often the outcome of many complex and culturally situated influences. We suggest that educators need to appreciate these differing cultural assumptions if they are to act in an ethical manner when responding to issues of plagiarism among international students.