Postgraduate Thesis Research Articles

Current Geography Studies in Turkey

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the master and doctoral theses completed in the field of geography in the National Thesis Center of Turkey YOK between 2020-2024 from a holistic perspective and to bring a new perspective to the studies to be conducted. In this context, a database consisting of thesis such as the year, subject, type, method, university of the author and the geographical region where the university is located was created. The database created was examined by subjecting it to a detailed analysis process. Within the scope of the study, a total of 876 graduate thesis were analysed. Of these thesis, 680 master programme and 196 belong to doctoral programme. Master thesis are more than doctoral thesis. The highest number of master thesis were produced in 2022, with 199 thesis. In contrast, a noticeable increasing trend is observed in doctoral thesis over the years. In both master (333) and doctoral (111) programmes, most thesis on human and economic geography were produced. This is followed by thesis on (master (262), doctoral (69)) physical geography. In human and economic geography, tourism geography (76) was studied the most compared to other subjects, while in physical geography, geomorphology (98) was studied the most. In terms of the methods used in the thesis, qualitative methods (298) are preferred more in master studies, while quantitative methods (102) are used more in doctoral thesis. Among the universities that produced the highest number of thesis, Atatürk University (59) stands out in master programme and Istanbul University (34) in doctoral programme. In the evaluation according to the geographical region of the university where the author is located, the Marmara Region ranks first in both master and doctoral programmes. These results will allow a better understanding of academic developments and trends in the field of geography and will be a direction for future research. In this context, the results of this study provide important findings on current geography theses in Turkey. According to the results of this study, it is thought that increasing the number of postgraduate thesis in the field of geography and improving the quantity and quality of students who want to do postgraduate education in the field can give a positive impetus to Turkey's development.

Self-assessment criteria as projected realities: a social cognitive study on student experience in postgraduate thesis writing

While research on postgraduate thesis writing has investigated how students cope with institutional assessment criteria, this study explores how students form their own criteria for self-assessment through the writing process, aiming to account for the development of their independent thinking in academic socialisation. Based on in-depth interviews with 10 Chinese master’s students, the study found that their self-assessment criteria not only represented solutions to problems identified by their supervisors and examiners, but also embodied aims established by students themselves. Those criteria were not fixed textual properties of a ‘good’ thesis, but were dynamic representations of textual and social realities constituting students’ lifeworlds. Viewed from this perspective, self-assessment is a situated process whereby students re-experience and re-interpret multiple sets of realities juxtaposed against their writing. Pedagogically, the study implies that postgraduate thesis supervision could facilitate the expansion of students’ self-assessment criteria to develop their capacity for making independent judgements.

A Bibliographic Research on Globalization Strategies of Fast Food Businesses

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the current status of the relevant literature by examining the articles and postgraduate thesis studies on the globalisation strategies of fast-food businesses through bibliometric analysis method. In the study, as a result of searching the concepts of "fast food", "glocalisation" and "global" in Google Scholar, Wos and Scopus databases, a total of 27 scientific studies, 21 articles and 6 master's theses, were reached. During the analysis, the distribution of the relevant studies according to years, distribution according to countries of publication, frequency of use of keywords and number of citations were taken into consideration. In the light of the data obtained, it is thought that the number of publications between 2010 and 2023 does not meet expectations and presents an unstable image, since the relevant literature is still new. While the USA is the country that has contributed the most to the literature, the leading researchers of the literature are Dumitrescu Luigi and Vinerean Simona. It has been determined that the most used concepts in the relevant literature are "globalization" and "glocalization". In line with the data obtained, this study aims to reveal the current situation in the relevant literature, to see the deficiencies and to serve as a source for future studies.

Dark Psychology in Postgraduate Thesis Development

Dark Psychology in Postgraduate Thesis Development

A Systematic Analysis of COVID-19 Clinical Trials Registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India.

The Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) database is a registry of various trials conducted in India and this study scrutinized the studies registered for COVID-19 from the database to detect patterns in trial design, appraising the target regions of therapiesand comprehending the terrain of research endeavors. This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed the registered trials for COVID-19 between March 2020 and September 2023. A trial search was conducted on the CTRI database to include all types of studies registered for COVID-19 with keywords like "COVID" and "coronavirus" and studies conducted on conditions other than COVID-19 were excluded. The data regarding study characteristics were noted under various sections in a preformed proforma. A total of 807 trials were taken for final analysis and there were about 344 prospective and 260 retrospective interventional trials, 35 prospective and 165 retrospective observational studies, and two prospective and one retrospective post-marketing surveillance study. The majority of the studies had duration under 12 months (91%). The maximum number of studies were registered from AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) and allied therapies (n = 283), with about 104 types of interventions, followed by the drug category having 119 trials registered and about 57 types of interventions. Kabasura Kudineer and yoga in the AYUSH category, molnupiravir, colchicine, and favipiravir in the drug category, and tocilizumaband convalescent plasma among biologics were some common interventions used. The majority of trials did not mention the trial phase and declared it as not applicable (54%), whereas 15% were registered as phase 2 and 13% as phase 3. About 54% of the studies were randomized and randomized parallel-group design (20%) was the most common study design. Only 6% of the trials were post-graduate thesis and the majority of the trials (n = 535) denied sharing their individual participant data. Only 0.86% and 0.61% of the trials were terminated and suspended, respectively, denoting proper design and conduct of the trials. In the CTRI database, the majority of trials were prospective interventional studies, with a predominance of AYUSH therapies and drug interventions. Common interventions included Kabasura Kudineer and yoga in AYUSH, and molnupiravir, colchicine, and favipiravir in drugs. Most studies had durations under 12 months and randomized parallel-group design was the most common study design. The intention to use and promote an indigenous system of medicine looks promising in the absence of any definite therapy. A minute number of registered suspended and terminated trials might bea positive picture of meticulously designed and executed trials even during a pandemic situation in India.

Supervisor’s Rank and Student’s Performance in Post Graduate Research in Universities in Cross River State

The study investigates influence of supervisors’ rank on students’ performance in post graduate theses and dissertations in postgraduate research in universities in Cross River State. The study adopted the ex-post factor research design. The population of the study consists of all the 3912 Post graduate degree students who completed their theses defence between 2019 to 2021 academic year among Universities in Cross River State, with specific reference to the University of Calabar, University of Cross River State and the Calabar center of the National Open University of Nigeria. Using the simple random sampling technique to select 406 respondents, data was analysed using the one-way ANOVA. The findings reveal that the supervisors’ rank has no significant influence on students’ performance in post graduate thesis and dissertation. Students’ performance in their final year research work is the same (equal) for those supervised by Lecturer 1, Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor and Professor. This may be true because of the open access possibility for supervisees to maximize online resources or consult academic mentors who might not be highly ranked academically. The study conclude that deans of Post Graduate School or postgraduate school administrators should ensure that different departments and faculties where postgraduate programmes are domiciled assigns supervisor with a higher level of expertise with regards to specialization and interest, rather than rank to supervise their post graduate student since the rank of supervisors’ does not influence students’ performance in post graduate research theses and dissertation.

The Influence of Supervisor’s Attitude and Workload on Student’s Academic Performance in Post Graduate Research in Cross River State

Post graduate projects forms the requirements for the fulfillment of doctoral and Master degree progamme. Therefore, the success of these academic exercises depends on the cordial relationship between the supervisor, the academic mentor and the learner. This study therefore investigates the influence of supervisor’s attitude and work load on student academic performance in postgraduate research in Cross River State. The study adopted the ex-post factor research design. The population of the study comprised of all the Postgraduate students who completed their theses defense between 2019 to 2021 academic year among Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample size of 406 was selected using simple random method. The study adopted the Theses and Dissertations supervisor variables scale (TADSVS) via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Using the Simple Linear Regression Analysis the findings of the study revealed that: supervisor’s attitude towards thesis supervision have no influence on students’ performance in post graduate thesis. Similarly, it was discovered that supervisor’s academic workload has no influence on students’ performance in post graduate theses and dissertation. The study therefore recommended that deans of school of post-graduate studies in all Universities in Cross River State should ensure supervisor with positive attitude to supervise their post graduate student since supervisors’ attitude to theses and dissertations supervision significantly influence students’ performance in post graduate research and more than one supervisors should be allocated for post graduate project supervision to enhanced adequacy of time for both the supervisor and the learner in producing a qualitative research work of global standard.

Supervisors Teaching Variables and Students’ Performance in Post Graduate Thesis and Dissertation in Public Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria

This study focus on investigating supervisors’ teaching variables and students’ performance in post graduate thesis and dissertation in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 406 theses and dissertations from a population of 3,912 using proportionality of 10.37% with Faculty as basis of stratification. Theses and Dissertations supervisor variables scale (TADSVS) was used to amass information from the respondents, while the Simple Linear Regression Analysis was used to analyse the date collected from the field. The first finding showed that there is no statistical significant influence of supervisors’ years of tertiary institution teaching experience on students’ performance in post graduate theses and dissertations. This means that students’ performance in their final year research work is the same (equal) for those supervised by the low, moderate and high experienced lecturers. The finding of the second hypothesis showed that Supervisors’ area of specialization significantly influences students’ performance in theses and dissertations in Cross River State, Nigeria. That is, thesis performance is not equal across supervisors’ specialization. Based on the foregoing findings, the study recommends the need to assign an experience supervisor to supervise post graduate students’ research theses and dissertation for excellent performance since supervisors’ years of tertiary teaching experience significantly influence students’ performance in post graduate research theses and dissertation among universities students in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Investigation of Conservative Treatment Methods in Individuals with Pes Planus in Postgraduate Thesis Studies Conducted in Türkiye: A Descriptive Research

Investigation of Conservative Treatment Methods in Individuals with Pes Planus in Postgraduate Thesis Studies Conducted in Türkiye: A Descriptive Research

Literature Review: Digital Books in Preschool Period

In literature, the new generation of children who become exposed to a digital world are referred to as digital natives. This generation, which knows about touch screens, sensor lights, and programmed fixtures that produce water when they connect, grows up with the abilities to utilize electronic gadgets since the beginning of their life. Over time, numerous daily actions are transferred to the digital environment in order to satisfy their desires and needs. Children can now play games in front of a screen, as opposed to playing games with their friends mostly outside, in parks, or on the streets. One of the significant instances of this present circumstance are advanced picture story books. There are many examinations about the constructive outcomes of printed picture books on preschoolers’ language, mental, social and profound improvement in youth. This situation can be explained in part by the fact that printed books have been around for a very long time. There hasn't been a comprehensive survey study on digital children's books in the literature. As a result, it is now imperative that postgraduate thesis studies on digital books for preschoolers in Turkey need to be examined. A total of 265 thesis studies, which were accessed using the keywords of digital children's books, electronic children's books, electronic books, children's picture books, were examined and accessed through the https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ site, which allows postgraduate thesis and dissertations to be stored and scanned. Studies on digital books that focus on preschool children are separated. A systematic content analysis of 12 disaggregated postgraduate thesis studies was carried out under the headings of publication year, department, type of thesis and dissertations, sample group, research purpose and method. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the first thesis work on the subject was done in 2012. When the types of theses were examined, 5 doctoral level thesis studies and 7 master's level thesis studies were reached. When the sample groups were examined, it was concluded that the distribution of girls and boys was balanced. However, no study was found involving children with disabilities and families with preschool children. While there are 6 thesis studies in the Visual Arts Department, it turns out that there are 4 studies in the Preschool Department, and one study in the fields of Psychology and Computer Instructional Technologies. Due to the limited number of studies on the subject, it is recommended to develop them in terms of quality and quantity. Children with disabilities can be included in the studies. In addition, the subject can be investigated in depth by using the triangulation data collection method, which includes families, teachers and children.

Probleme Dayalı Öğrenme ve Geleneksel Öğretim Yöntemlerinin Lisansüstü Çalışmalarda Karşılaştırmalı Çözümlemesi: Öğrenme Çıktıları Üzerine Etkilerinin Sentezi

This research aimed to evaluate and synthesize the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) compared to traditional instruction (TI) in various learning outcomes. The study, using a sequential explanatory mixed research approach, reviewed 74 postgraduate dissertations from Türkiye, spanning from 2009 to 2021, that matched specific inclusion criteria. Qualitative data analysis revealed that the majority of these dissertations were master’s level and completed in 2010. These studies frequently implemented experimental interventions in middle school science classes, typically over five weeks with groups of 21-30 students. The quantitative analysis showed that PBL had a significant overall impact, with a General Effect Size (GES) of 0.734 across all variables. This effect was divided into specific clusters: knowledge (GES of 0.992), skills (GES of 0.696), and emotions (GES of 0.406). Further, PBL particularly affected academic achievement (GES of 0.842), scientific process skills (GES of 0.351), and course attitude (GES of 0.402), which were the most commonly assessed variables in the respective dimensions of knowledge, skills, and emotions. Additionally, PBL showed a substantial impact (GES of 0.799) on variables covering 21st-century competency framework skills. In summary, the study found that PBL is significantly more effective than traditional instructional methods across various learning outcomes, particularly in enhancing knowledge, skills, and emotional aspects of learning. This study suggests that integrating PBL activities can significantly enhance the attainment of curriculum objectives.

Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi ile İlgili Yapılmış Olan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Analizi

Son yıllarda Türkiye’de ve dünyada yaşanan afetler göz önüne alındığında afet yönetimi eğitimi önem verilmesi gereken bir konu hâline gelmiştir. Afetler, oluş zamanı belirsiz olan durumlar olduğundan sürekli hazır olmayı gerektirmektedir. Genel olarak afet denildiğinde akla ilk deprem gelmektedir ancak afetler Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde kendisini farklı şekillerde göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Ulusal Tez Merkezi Elektronik Arşivi (Yöktez) veri tabanında yer alan “afet yönetimi” ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları bibliyometrik açıdan incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, Yöktez üzerinden 2000-2023 yılları arasında “afet yönetim” taraması yapılmış olup toplamda 160 lisansüstü tez çalışması üzerinden analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında afet yönetimi ile ilgili en fazla çalışmanın 2019 yılında yapıldığı ve yapılan çalışmaların çoğunun yüksek lisans tezi olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu konu ile ilgili en çok afet yönetimi ana bilim dalında lisansüstü tez çalışmasının yapılmış olduğu elde edilen bulgular arasındadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmalardaki tez başlıkları ve anahtar kelimeler incelenmiş ve en fazla çalışılan temaların "depremler, risk yönetimi, AFAD/STK, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, acil durum yönetimi, afet yönetim planlaması, afetlerde gönüllülük, afet bilinci ve afet eğitimi" olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Role of Culture, Social and Religious Aspects in Achieving Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation and Sustainable Environmental Development

The contemporary global challenge of environmental degradation and biodiversity extinction has necessitated the urgent need to strengthen Postgraduate (PG) Education on climate change and sustainable environmental management. To achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDGS 3, 4, 11, and 13, a localized researches and innovations at Postgraduate Education is paramount. In addition to the established mitigation and adaptation practices, the cultural, social and religious practices of different locations should be factored into PG researches. The PG Thesis and Dissertation should step into investigating the cultural, social and religious practices of communities which have capacity to prevent, promote or mar climate change mitigation and sustainable development. This work highlighted the cultural, social and religious practices of a location: Ihitenansa community in Orsu Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Some of the practices that optimize natural resources on communal land are: Palm fruits are harvested every 28 days, Bamboos are harvested once in a year, Farming is done every four years, African Apples (Udara) are not plucked, Taboo to kill monkey and python and other practices, These practices promote biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.

Bibliographic Analysis of Postgraduate Thesis Studies on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey

Bibliographic Analysis of Postgraduate Thesis Studies on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey

Analysis of errors in the writing of content in dissertations and their impact on the learning of foreign languages: A case study in Ghana

The average postgraduate student in Ghana has about 20 years exposure in English language, having been taught and instructed in English from primary to tertiary level. It is, therefore, not far-fetched to expect the postgraduate student to commit minimal to no errors in their L2 writings. The seeming consequential minimal scholarly attention on errors in postgraduate writings regardless of the many studies on students’ errors is therefore not surprising. This study is an attempt to identify, categorise and describe the errors in postgraduate dissertations in Ghana and highlight its implications for language teaching. This exploratory qualitative study carries out a content analysis of 20 randomly selected MA, MPhil and PhD dissertations published between 2020 and 2021. The data are analysed using the theory of Error Analysis. After critically assessing the dissertations, seven (7) categories of concord errors were identified and recorded. These are; subject-verb concord errors, inverted subject concord errors, concord errors associated with ‘has’ and ‘have’, determiner-noun errors, concord errors on numbers, noun-pronoun antecedent errors and compound subject concord errors. This implies that postgraduate students are prone to errors, hence, the need to introduce or intensify the teaching of English at the postgraduate level.

Sliding limbus-conjunctival flaps for minimizing the pterygium recurrence: a prospective tertiary care institute study.

Objective: To describe the surgical technique and long-term outcomes of sliding limbus-conjunctival flaps to treat primary pterygium. Methods: Our single-center, single-surgeon-based, prospective study (part of the postgraduate thesis) included primary pterygium patients. We included the larger pterygium in bilateral cases for our research. All patients underwent pterygium excision and reconstruction by sliding limbus-conjunctival flaps technique to minimize the recurrence rates. Similar surgical steps and drugs were used for all the enrolled patients. Two ophthalmologists (SS and MK) evaluated all cases for blinding purposes. A minimum follow-up of 12 months was ensured in all cases. Results: Fifty eyes of 50 patients underwent the sliding limbus-conjunctival flaps surgery at a mean age of 50.40 ± 15.05 years. There were 27 (54%) males and 23 (46%) females with nasal pterygium (100%), having an average horizontal size of 2.96 mm. A "with the rule" astigmatism was seen in 44 (88%) eyes with a horizontal keratometry value of 42.00 ± 2.83, which increased significantly to 42.23 ± 2.02 (p>0.05) after surgery. The visual acuity was improved by 1 Snellen's line in 21 cases, 2 lines in 4 cases, and by 3 lines in 1 case. No change in visual acuity was seen in 24 cases. The early minor postoperative complications were self-resolving. At a mean follow-up of 14.5 months, the recurrence was found in 2 patients (4%), one in the 3rd and the other in the 9th month. Conclusion: The sliding limbus-conjunctival flaps technique is a simple, safe, and efficient procedure for primary pterygium cases. Pterygium surgery positively affects the visual acuity and keratometry values in most patients, making it a cosmetic and functional ophthalmic surgical procedure.

Contributor biographies

Contributor biographies

A Content Analysis of Postgraduate Thesis on Tennis Branch

The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate thesis studies prepared in the field of Tennis in terms of various variables and to provide guiding information to researchers by reminding certain criteria in writing thesis and abstract. This study is important in terms of showing the general situation of the postgraduate thesis abstracts in this field by analyzing the theses made in the postgraduate thesis studies related to the tennis branch. According to the data obtained from the studies in the National Thesis Center of the Presidency of the Council of Higher Education, it was determined that the total study was limited to 254. In this direction, it is necessary to encourage the increase in the research frequency and number of Master’s and Doctoral studies on tennis, and it is expected that the results and findings to be obtained with the guidance to be made in order to increase the frequency of the studies to be done will guide the researchers, educators and academics who will work in the field of tennis. It is thought that the contribution to the field will increase when more attention is paid to the research methodology part of the theses to be made and the academic advisors follow the process closely. The information given in the abstract is important for researchers and academics. It is expected that the information given in the abstract will be a guide for future studies. Knowing the research topics, methods and data analysis methods used in the field of tennis from the past to the present is of great importance for researchers who will conduct further studies. For this reason, it can be said that it is very useful to carry out similar studies frequently in order to determine the status of the studies in the field of tennis in Turkey or around the World.

Capture to Communicate: Rhetorical Move 1 in the Abstracts of Hard and Soft Science Post-Graduate Dissertations

Academic work is usually evaluated by the quality of its abstract which serves as a concise summary of the research findings. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of Move1 in the abstracts of post-graduate dissertations from both Hard Science and Soft Science disciplines. The paper intends to answer three main questions: how is Move1 manifested in terms of its text length? What are the most frequently used Sub-Move patterns of Move1? What are the most common lexical collocations used in Move1? To answer these questions, the study uses Santos’ (1996) framework to analyze a corpus of 100 abstracts selected randomly, 50 from Hard Science and 50 from Soft Science. The findings have revealed that Move1 in Soft Science might use more sentences than those in Hard Science. The findings have also shown that both disciplines rely on Sub-Move-A, stating current knowledge, and Sub-Move2, stating the research gap, as essential for communicating their ideas while the other Sub-Moves were rarely used. In terms of lexical collocations, while post-graduates in both disciplines frequently used the Adjective+Noun lexical collocation as their preferred structure to construct M1, the use of the other lexical collocations varied in both disciplines. The study concluded that Move1 is considered obligatory in situating the research, establishing its context, and capturing and communicating findings. Besides the pedagogical implications suggested, the study’s findings hopefully contribute to the development of abstract move-schema theory, enhance scholarly understanding of Move1 characteristics, and guide future research in the field.

Ankara University Graduate School Of Health Sciences Veterinary Medicine Department Of Basic Sciences Postgraduate Thesis Bibliography

Bu çalışmada Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsünün kuruluşundan günümüze kadar geçen 40 yıllık zaman dilimi içerisinde veteriner hekimliği temel bilimler bölümünde tamamlanan lisansüstü tezlerinin bibliyografyası hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana materyali olan tezlere Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veteriner Fakültesi Dekanlığı ile birimlerinin arşivlerinden ulaşılmıştır. Kurum arşivlerinin yanı sıra Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından da yararlanılmıştır. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesinin temel bilimler bölümüne bağlı olarak anatomi, biyokimya, histoloji ve embriyoloji, fizyoloji ve veteriner hekimliği tarihi ve deontoloji anabilim dalları bulunmaktadır. Çalışmaya bu anabilim dallarından dördü dahil edilmiş, veteriner hekimliği tarihi ve deontoloji anabilim dalına ait tez verileri daha önce yazar tarafından yayımlandığından bu makalede veri tekrarı yapılmamıştır. Tezler incelenirken tezin ait olduğu anabilim dalı, yazarı, tezin adı, türü, yılı, danışman bilgileri kaydedilmiştir. Metin içerisinde tezlerin künyeleri kronolojik sırayla yazılmış, aynı yıl tamamlanan tezler kendi içinde alfabetik olarak dizilmiştir. Enstitünün kuruluşundan (1982) 2023 Şubat ayına kadar olan sürede veteriner hekimliği temel bilimler anabilim dalının dört anabilim dalında toplam 83 yüksek lisans tezinin ve 159 doktora tezinin tamamlandığı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre en fazla doktora tezinin veteriner hekimliği fizyoloji (55) alanında tamamlandığı belirlenmiştir. En fazla sayıda yüksek lisans tezinin ise biyokimya (54) alanında yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile lisansüstü eğitim alan öğrencilere ve tez danışmanlarına gelecekte yapılması planlanan tez çalışmaları için kolaylık sağlayacak bir başvuru kaynağı sunulduğu ve veteriner hekimliği tarihi bibliyografya arşivine katkı sağlandığı ileri sürülebilir.