Post Type Research Articles

Activation of the groundswell in the segment of bicycle manufacturers

In addition to the massive home office, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought an enormous increase in the popularity of outdoor activities. This was also reflected in the very high demand for bicycles and accessories for cyclists, which led to the groundswell effect and an increase in fan interaction and engagement within the social media profiles of bicycle manufacturers. The research design in the present paper contains a consistent and synergistically balanced share of qualitative and quantitative methods. Within the theoretical background, methods of analysis of sources from leading authors are used, especially from articles based on leading scientific journals and proceedings. The practical part uses quantitative methods in the form of data collection through the tools Zoomsphere and Socialblade. The selection of assessed business entities consisted of a ranking of profitability and evaluation according to the leading portal designed for the segment of cyclists. The findings point to the content structure of profiles on social media in the segment of bicycle manufacturers. They also point to the content structure of the best contributions on these social media and to the recommendations in the form of categories for the bicycle manufacturers segment. The authors also define the best types of posts for future content in that segment. Domestic and global businesses in this segment require knowledge of the laws on social media in the form of user behavior and the groundswell effect. The limits of the findings are in the selection of business entities, which were selected on the basis of profitability and evaluation according to the leading cycling portal, also within the limits of social media analysis and management tools. Despite the above facts, the added value exceeds the limits within the author's contribution. The originality of the paper is based mainly on the fact that the selected segment from the point of view of the groundswell effect is unexplored. It is important to examine this segment, especially due to the high demand for products in this segment and the relentless interest in the form of user interactions.

Understanding Public Perceptions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Infodemiology Study of Social Media.

BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental contaminants that have received significant public attention. PFAS are a large group of human-made chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products worldwide since the 1950s. Human exposure to PFAS is a growing public health concern. Studies suggest that exposure to PFAS may increase the risk of some cancers and have negative health impacts on the endocrine, metabolic, and immune systems. Federal and state health partners are investigating the exposure to and possible health effects associated with PFAS. Government agencies can observe social media discourse on PFAS to better understand public concerns and develop targeted communication and outreach efforts.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to understand how social media is used to share, disseminate, and engage in public discussions of PFAS-related information in the United States.MethodsWe investigated PFAS-related content across 2 social media platforms between May 1, 2017, and April 30, 2019, to identify how social media is used in the United States to seek and disseminate PFAS-related information. Our key variable of interest was posts that mentioned “PFAS,” “PFOA,” “PFOS,” and their hashtag variations across social media platforms. Additional variables included post type, time, PFAS event, and geographic location. We examined term use and post type differences across platforms. We used descriptive statistics and regression analysis to assess the incidence of PFAS discussions and to identify the date, event, and geographic patterns. We qualitatively analyzed social media content to determine the most prevalent themes discussed on social media platforms.ResultsOur analysis revealed that Twitter had a significantly greater volume of PFAS-related posts compared with Reddit (98,264 vs 3126 posts). PFAS-related social media posts increased by 670% over 2 years, indicating a marked increase in social media users’ interest in and awareness of PFAS. Active engagement varied across platforms, with Reddit posts demonstrating more in-depth discussions compared with passive likes and reposts among Twitter users. Spikes in PFAS discussions were evident and connected to the discovery of contamination events, media coverage, and scientific publications. Thematic analysis revealed that social media users see PFAS as a significant public health concern and seek a trusted source of information about PFAS-related public health efforts.ConclusionsThe analysis identified a prevalent theme—on social media, PFAS are perceived as an immediate public health concern, which demonstrates a growing sense of urgency to understand this emerging contaminant and its potential health impacts. Government agencies can continue using social media research to better understand the changing community sentiment on PFAS and disseminate targeted information and then use social media as a forum for dispelling misinformation, communicating scientific findings, and providing resources for relevant public health services.

Building social capital in cruise travel via social network sites

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate what type of Facebook posts help cruise lines build bridging and bonding social capital. The study applies the Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method to identify which types of posts establish bridging and bonding social capital. The analysis is conducted on an international cruise line’s official Facebook posts posted between 1 January 2018 and 1 January 2020 before the Covid-19 pandemic. The results highlight that media type, embedding passenger motivation, and a ship image help establish both bridging and bonding social capital, while content type helps establish bridging social capital. The paper is original because it helps understand how cruise lines can improve bonding and bridging social capital via social media. The paper also enhances understanding of social capital theory in the travel industry by investigating the relationship between Facebook post types and social capital in cruise shipping.

The primary and secondary causes of hospitalizations during the first five years after spinal cord injury.

Study Design:Cohort study. Retrospective analysis of uniform billing discharge data (UB-04).Objectives:To compare and contrast the primary and secondary causes of hospitalization by type of admission, emergency department (ED) versus inpatient only (IP), during the first five years after the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Academic Medical University in the Southeastern USA.Methods:2569 adults with traumatic SCI were identified from a population-based registry and matched to billing data. The main outcome measures were primary and secondary diagnoses associated with hospital admissions in non-federal, state hospitals.Results:Overall, there were 9733 hospital admissions in the five years after SCI onset, not including the initial hospitalization; 53% were admissions through the ED. The primary causes of hospitalizations after SCI varied by year post injury and admission type (ED versus IP). The top 15 secondary diagnoses included several secondary health conditions associated with SCI, as well as chronic health conditions.Conclusions:Rehabilitation diagnoses were much more prominent during the first year, compared with subsequent years. Septicemia was the leading cause of admissions through the ED, whereas chronic ulcer of the skin were prominent for IP only admissions. This is consistent with the acute nature of septicemia compared with more planned hospitalization for rehabilitation and skin ulcers. These conditions should be targeted for prevention strategies that include patient/family education and early and appropriate access to primary care.

"COVID-19 in Trials and Tribulations" Project: A Self-Regulation-Based Support Response for Confined Families through Social Networks.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed today’s society in an unprecedented scenario. During Portugal’s first home confinement period (March–July 2020), the online-based “COVID-19 in Trials and Tribulations” project was implemented to support families with school-aged children. The project was grounded on the self-regulation framework and delivered through Facebook® and Instagram® pages. Being responsive to ongoing developments of the pandemic, activities were conveyed in two phases. Phase 1 occurred during lockdown (school was suspended). Phase 2 occurred while students were enrolled in at-distance (online) school. The present study aimed to examine the reach of the project, while examining the content and format of delivery that generated the most engagement among the users (4500 Facebook® effective followers; 1200 Instagram® effective followers) during the confinement period. Results showed that, at the individual page level, Facebook® had higher reach indicators compared to Instagram®, except for video. At the Facebook® post level, followers and users showed more engagement with the page prior to the at-distance schooling phase; however, videos still generated engagement (p = 0.002). Both the post type (p < 0.01) and frequency (p < 0.001) of publication were suggested to be good predictors of engagement. The information gathered will help design and inform future interventions that may be implemented as new lockdowns are set in place.

3D engineered human gingiva fabricated with electrospun collagen scaffolds provides a platform for in vitro analysis of gingival seal to abutment materials.

In order to advance models of human oral mucosa towards routine use, these models must faithfully mimic the native tissue structure while also being scalable and cost efficient. The goal of this study was to develop a low-cost, keratinized human gingival model with high fidelity to human attached gingiva and demonstrate its utility for studying the implant-tissue interface. Primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and keratinocytes (HGK) were isolated from clinically healthy gingival biopsies. Four matrices, electrospun collagen (ES), decellularized dermis (DD), type I collagen gels (Gel) and released type I collagen gels (Gel-R)) were tested to engineer lamina propria and gingiva. HGF viability was similar in all matrices except for Gel-R, which was significantly decreased. Cell penetration was largely limited to the top layers of all matrices. Histomorphometrically, engineered human gingiva was found to have similar appearance to the native normal human gingiva except absence of rete pegs. Immunohistochemical staining for cell phenotype, differentiation and extracellular matrix composition and organization within 3D engineered gingiva made with electrospun collagen was mostly in agreement with normal gingival tissue staining. Additionally, five types of dental material posts (5-mm diameter x 3-mm height) with different surface characteristics were used [machined titanium, SLA (sandblasted-acid etched) titanium, TiN-coated (titanium nitride-coated) titanium, ceramic, and PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) to investigate peri-implant soft tissue attachment studied by histology and SEM. Engineered epithelial and stromal tissue migration to the implant-gingival tissue interface was observed in machined, SLA, ceramic, and PEEK groups, while TiN was lacking attachment. Taken together, the results suggest that electrospun collagen scaffolds provide a scalable, reproducible and cost-effective lamina propria and 3D engineered gingiva that can be used to explore biomaterial-soft tissue interface.

Understanding the online relationship between politicians and citizens. A study on the user engagement of politicians’ Facebook posts in election and routine periods

ABSTRACT Social media have offered politicians a way to reach a broader audience and citizens a dynamic way to respond and interact with politicians’ communication. In this study we focus on how two important dimensions of the social media messages of politicians impact different types of user engagement: the distinction between political and private posts and the degree of emotionality of the post. Additionally, we compare the amount and types of interaction between routine periods and election periods. Supported by automatic data gathering and coding we analyze all Facebook posts of 124 Belgian politicians for a period of more than two years (N = 34,408). Our results indicate that different types of Facebook posts lead to different types of user engagement. Private posts generate more reactions, while political posts are more often shared and commented on. Additionally, Facebook posts with positive, and, negative emotional language garner more interaction than those with less emotionality. Finally, during election campaigns both politicians and citizens are more active. There is a proliferation of the amount of Facebook messages that politicians post, and these messages also score higher on engagement.

Fracture Strength and Failure Modes of Endodontically Treated Premolars Restored with Compact and Hollow Composite Posts Subjected to Cyclic Fatigue.

Physical and mechanical properties of continuous carbon or glass fiber reinforced endodontic posts are relevant to increase the retention and resistance of the tooth-restoration system. Hollow posts have been recently designed for delivering the luting cement through the post hole, thus enhancing the post-dentin interface by reducing the risk of air bubbles formation. Methods: Three type of endodontic posts, a carbon fiber hollow post, a glass fiber hollow post and a compact glass fiber post were investigated. Mechanical properties of these posts were assessed through bending tests. Teeth were subjected to fatigue cycling and the strength of restored teeth was detected through static tests. Failure modes were investigated through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that composite posts increase the mechanical stability by more than 100% compared to premolars restored with particulate composite. Carbon fiber posts retain the highest strength (1467 N ± 304 N) among the investigated post and core restoration, but an unfavorable type of fracture has been observed, preventing the tooth re-treatment. Instead, more compliant posts (i.e., glass fiber reinforced composite, providing a strength of 1336 N ± 221 N), show a favorable mode of fracture that allows the re-treatment of teeth in the case that failure occurs. Glass fiber hollow posts show a good trade-off between strength and a favorable type of fracture.

The metal post material influences the performance of artefact reduction algorithms in CBCT images.

This study aimed to assess the effect of the MAR tool on the expression of artefacts in different regions of a tooth restored with different types of metal posts. Alveolar sockets (anterior, and posterior region) of a mandible and an unirradicular tooth were used. Cone beam computed tomography scans of the tooth without a metal post, and with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr), or silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) were individually obtained, with 2 MAR conditions: disabled, and enabled. In an axial reconstruction, lines of interest (LOIs) were set around the canal: 4 in oblique (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual) directions, and 4 in orthogonal (mesial, distal, buccal, lingual) directions. Beam-hardening artefacts expression was determined by calculating the difference in the mean of gray values (DMGV) between the experimental and control groups for each LOI. There was no significant difference in the DMGV values between "without MAR" and "with MAR" for any LOI, in neither anterior nor posterior mandible (p>0.05), for the Ni-Cr and Co-Cr groups. For the Ag-Pd, significant differences in the DMGV values were observed between "without MAR" and "with MAR" for most LOIs (p<0.05), mainly in oblique directions in the anterior region, and mesio-distal direction in the posterior region. MAR acted mostly in hypodense artefacts (negative DMGV). The effectiveness of the MAR tool of the OP300 CBCT unit varied according to the post material tested. It was effective in reducing the expression of artefacts raised by the Ag-Pd post, mainly in the tooth regions affected by hypodense artefacts, regardless of the mandibular region.

Analisis Unggahan Media Sosial pada Instagram Rachel Vennya Menggunakan Metode Importance Performance

Instagram is one of the social media applications that can publish photos or videos for its users. Rachel Vennya is a well-known Instagram user who has more than five million followers. This research was conducted to see the expected posts by Rachel Vennya's followers on Instagram. Through the importance-performance analysis (IPA) it will be known the types of posts that are interesting and need to be increased in publication. This study's two IPA approaches, namely expected performance analysis (EPA) and importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA). The results of each analysis are then mapped into a Cartesian diagram so that it is known that several posts increase follower loyalty and posts that need to be increased or decreased. After comparing the two Cartesian diagrams, it is known that there is no difference in the placement of variables between the two analyzes. Posts that deserve to be maintained include Motivation, Cooking, Family, and posts considered excessive in the publication are Business and Endorsements. Furthermore, customer satisfaction index (CSI) analysis was carried out to see follower satisfaction. The CSI value obtained is 72.69, which indicates the follower satisfaction index belongs to the satisfied criteria.

Citizen engagement on local government Facebook pages: Experience from Aotearoa New Zealand

This paper explores the role of local government Facebook pages in citizen engagement by focusing on two councils in Aotearoa New Zealand, the Dunedin City Council (DCC) and the Otago Regional Council (ORC). We investigate how these councils use their Facebook pages to communicate government matters with citizens, and how citizens engage with the councils using the pages. Examination of Facebook posts by the two councils from January to December 2019 reveals that citizens were ‘informed’ of various council-identified issues through the use of ‘passive’ posts. There were relatively scant ‘active’ posts, which hold greater potential for meaningful engagement. It is apparent that both councils are more managerial and less consultative and participatory in their approach to social media use for citizen engagement. We recommend that local governments can enhance the level of engagement by exploring ways to increase their page followers, using a combination of both active and passive posts frequently, increasing and experimenting with types of active posts, and adopting te reo Māori and minority languages to ensure an inclusive virtual environment. This study offers new insights for both local governments and social media researchers to rethink how to best utilise Facebook pages for effective e-participation.

The effects of visual formats on Facebook health-related posts: evidence from eye movement analysis

PurposeThis study aimed to provide user-centered evidence for health professionals to make optimal use of images for the effective dissemination of health information on Facebook (FB).Design/methodology/approachUsing an eye-tracking experiment and a survey method, this study examined 42 participants' reading patterns as well as recall and recognition outcomes with 36 FB health information posts having various FB post features.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that FB posts with text-embedded images received more attention and resulted in the highest recall and recognition. Meanwhile, compared to text-embedded images, visual only images yielded less effective recall of information, but they caught the viewers' attention; graphics tended to attract more attention than photos. For effective communication, the text features in FB posts should align with the formats of the images.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide practical implications for health information disseminators by suggesting that text-embedded images should be used for effective health communication.Originality/valueThis study provided evidence of users' different viewing patterns for FB health information posts and the relationship between FB post types and recall and recognition outcomes.

Estrategia programática en Instagram de los candidatos en las elecciones autonómicas de la Comunidad de Madrid 2021

La investigación analiza el uso de la red social Instagram como herramienta para la difusión de las líneas programáticas de partido en las elecciones a la Comunidad de Madrid en 2021. Para ello se presta atención a la gestión y visibilidad de las publicaciones de los candidatos, la composición temática de los programas electorales y su argumentación en la red social, así como a las posibles estrategias usadas en este medio como complemento a la celebrificación del líder. A través de una metodología basada en el análisis de contenido, complementado con un análisis cualitativo, se estudia una muestra compuesta por 377 posts publicados en los perfiles de los seis aspirantes a la presidencia autonómica. El estudio aborda variables como el formato de contenido, el escenario de actuación, el protagonismo del líder y la correspondiente argumentación propagandística. Los resultados muestran el potencial de Instagram en la divulgación de los planes de acción política, a pesar de la falta de una estrategia común que la fomente como un canal de comunicación real con el electorado. Además, se precisa la personalización del candidato, el componente ideológico de las publicaciones y la determinación de la actualidad electoral durante la campaña.

Twitter Engagement in Media Organizations: The Case of the Greek National Broadcasting Corporation

A key parameter in the strategy of news organizations remains the exploitation of factors (such as post time and post type) that enhance the engagement level within online communities on social media. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between post time and post type in correlation with audience response in the Twitter digital platform. Specifically, the study aims to ascertain how the two specific variables affect user engagement with its Twitter posts and how they shape the effectiveness of communication on social networks. The analysis includes 7.122 tweets of the Greek National Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) over four months. Moreover, the study analyzes the tone of user comments on the Twitter posts of the specific public media organizations to understand in-depth how the users communicate their views publicly. The collection of comments lasted seven weeks and they numbered 265 in 2639 tweets. Regarding the post time variable, the study came to important findings on user behavior during the 24 h, as the number of Retweets appears to increase in the morning compared to the afternoon. It was also found that as time goes on, the user is interested in leaving his personal opinion. Regarding the correlation of post type with user engagement, it was found that the accompaniment of a tweet with audiovisual material has a tempting effect on users.

Influence of Glass Fiber Post Design and Luting Cements on Ease of Post Removal and Fracture Strength of Endodontically Retreated Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

ABSTRACTAims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed to remove two types of glass fiber posts cemented with two different cements and removed with two different techniques and to evaluate the fracture strength of teeth after post removal.Materials and Methods:Root canal treatment was completed in 80 extracted single-rooted premolars and the teeth were decoronated. Following canal preparation, the roots were coated with polysiloxane impression material and embedded in acrylic resin cubes. The specimens were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10) based on the type of fiber post inserted: Reforpost (R) or Contec Blanco (C); luting cement: Multilink-N/self-etch (M) or G-Cem/self-adhesive (G); technique of removal: Peeso reamer (P); or ultrasonic (U). The posts were removed with respective technique under magnification and the time (in seconds) of post removal was determined. Following post removal, the fracture strength of the specimens was determined using a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was also determined. Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, t test, and correlation. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare the failure mode. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results:The post and cement types had an influence in post removal time (P < 0.05). There was no role of post or cement types on the fracture strength of teeth after post removal with either technique (P > 0.05). A weak negative correlation was found between the post removal time and fracture resistance for both Peeso reamer (r = –0.373) and ultrasonic (r = –0.177) techniques. Both techniques of post removal produced a majority of favorable failures (P > 0.05).Conclusion:The type of post and luting cement plays a significant role in ease of post removal by Peeso reamer or ultrasonic technique. Post-removal technique had no effect on the fracture strength of teeth. Parallel serrated fiber post luted with self-etch resin cements was difficult to remove as compared with parallel smooth surface post luted with self-etch or self-adhesive resin cement.

Cement selection criteria for different types of intracanal posts

To consciously select an appropriate dental cement for each type of intracanal post. An electronic search was carried out (1970 to 2020) through Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were searched in title, abstract, or keywords with different combinations: endodontically treated tooth, root canal therapy, dental posts, post and core, prefabricated posts, custom posts, dental cement, resin cements, cement selection, cement, and adhesive resin cement. Evaluating full texts, 146 articles were selected to review the types of posts and cements, selection criteria of appropriate cement for each type of post, and compare the results obtained by different cements. Dental cements affect the survival rate, durability, and success rate of postbased treatments. Considering special characteristics and application of each type of intracanal post, conscious selection of cement is an important determining factor in long-lasting success. Choosing an appropriate cement has a key role in success and durability of dowel posts-based fixed restorations.

Influence of post types on Facebook engagement: the moderating roles of brand category and brand internationalisation

Strategies for brand community engagement have been lagging behind the social media growth. This paper thus attempts to understand the effects of content types on brand community engagement (likes, comments, and shares) in the understudied yet important country of Thailand using a comprehensive framework. This study collected 1,574 posts from 183 Facebook pages in nine brand categories. Content analysis was conducted to extract the content type of each post. The main study explored post-type effects together with the moderating influences of the brand category (FMCGs vs. non-FMCGs) and brand internationalisation (global vs. local brands). The research also explored real cases of Facebook posts in nine brand categories and compared the influence of posts on fan engagement. The findings showed that different content types were utilised among brand categories and brand groups, but above all entertaining posts received the highest fan engagement. Both FMCG and global brands significantly moderated several relationships between post types and fan engagement. There were a small number of posts in some brand categories due to the nature of each industry. Recommendations are made regarding an effective content strategy to enhance Facebook page engagement for marketers and social media managers.

Study on microstructure characterization of fracture frontier of post welds heat treatment and type IV cracking of P92 steel welded joint

In the research work presented in this study microstructure evolution at fracture frontier of crept P92 weld, creep rupture life and effect of creep exposure time on microstructure evolution in fine-grained heat affected zone were performed. Microstructure evolution and creep rupture behavior of metal arc welded joint of P92 steel plate in the as-welded have been studied. The different states of post weld heat treatment (PWHT). (i). post welded heat treatment at 760 o C for the 2h (ii). re-austenitizing at 1040 o C for 60 min and air cooled and tempering at 760 o C for 2h. In PWHT condition, most common type IV cracking was observed creep exposure 620 o C / 150 MPa. The martensitic matrix fracture is also observed in PWNT 1 condition. A move away from the fracture frontier, the cavities still remain in the microstructure while the martensitic matrix fracture is difficult to observe. The line mapping also confirmed the increase in weight percentage of Cr and Mo in M 23 C 6 . The elemental mapping of PWHT 2 condition is also carried out in FGHAZ which confirm the formation of Mo and Cr-rich M 23 C 6 precipitates.

An insight of Facebook usage by Pakistan-based organisations: an application of netnography approach

The power of social media to engage with people and generate business value for organisations is indisputable. Although, the existing literature draws some interesting findings on the use of Facebook by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), there is a dearth of literature on the validation of such findings using Facebook metadata. This research aims to examine the various aspects of Facebook campaigns for SMEs and their effectiveness in terms of engaging with the customers. The findings of this paper are scaffold into two parts. First, it performed qualitative data analysis to understand the types of posts uploaded by the SMEs. Second, it examined the Facebook metadata to understand the types of responses, their popularity and the correlation among several types of responses. It is anticipated that the findings of this paper would help SMEs to better understand their Facebook campaigns and to better manage their Facebook campaigns in the future.

Radiographic Analysis of Posts Performed by Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IntroductionPost and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth must meet certain prosthetic criteria to ensure the success of the final restoration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of posts performed by dental students at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, utilizing periapical radiographs and whether the prosthetic criteria were strictly met by students.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 661 digital periapical radiographs of posts performed by 6th-year dental students from September 2018 to April 2019. The assessment included the following factors: patient’s age, patient’s gender, tooth type, and arch. Post-related factors including post type, shape, diameter, length, and status of the remaining gutta percha were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were generated, and the association between different variables was determined using chi-square test at p<0.05.ResultsPosts were used to restore maxillary teeth (67%), and were particularly placed in premolars (44%). The majority of used posts were prefabricated tapered fiber posts (90%). The results were as follows: post diameter equal to one-third of root diameter, 50% met criterion; post length equal to two-thirds of root length, 33%; post length equal to or more than crown height, 93%; absence of space between gutta percha (GP) and post, 74%; and length of the remaining GP equal to 3–5 mm, 68%. Overall, 11% of the posts met all the ideal prosthetics criteria.ConclusionMost qualities of post and core restorations that were radiographically assessed were found to be acceptable and within the recommended prosthodontic criteria.